2. Cost management lacks prior prediction and process control. The cost management of some construction enterprises is limited to regular financial statements, which belongs to after-the-fact inspection, without prior prediction and process control, which is far from the modern project total cost management theory.
3, only pay attention to the production cost, ignoring the whole process of cost management. Some branches only pay attention to the accounting of manufacturing costs in the construction process, ignoring the cost management in the whole process of production and operation.
4. Backward cost management methods. At present, the financial management of some construction enterprises still depends on manual reports, and the transmission and processing of information between projects are seriously lagging behind, making it difficult to achieve dynamic cost control.
5. Cost management does not combine responsibility and rights. The responsibilities and rights of some branches are not unified and clear, which leads to mutual shirking and performance appraisal.
Importance of project cost management The economic benefits brought by cost control must be greater than the cost paid for cost control, so as to increase the benefits for enterprises. This is the "cost benefit" principle of cost control. Cost management and control is the fundamental way for enterprises to increase profits. In the case of constant income, reducing costs can increase profits; In the case of increasing income, reducing costs can make profits grow faster; In the case of declining income, reducing costs can curb the decline of profits. Even if the state-owned public utilities are not entirely for profit, if their costs are high and their survival is threatened, it is difficult to play a role in regulating the economy, expanding employment and improving public utilities. At the same time, it will also affect the finance of * * *, increase the burden on taxpayers, be unfavorable to the national economy and damage or reduce its existence value. Cost management and control is the foundation of enterprise development. Only by controlling the cost at the advanced level of peers can we have a foundation for rapid development. If the cost is reduced, the construction cost can be reduced to expand the business, and the business foundation can be stabilized after the business is expanded, so as to ensure the safety of the project, improve the quality of the project, innovate the design, improve the construction technology and seek new development. Cost management and control are necessary and sufficient conditions for enterprises to resist internal and external pressures. In the course of business operation, there are unfavorable factors such as peer competition, tax payment and economic environment reversal, and there are pressures for employees to ask for higher treatment and shareholders to ask for dividends. Reducing costs can buffer various contradictions and improve the competitiveness of enterprises. Second, the principle of concrete analysis of specific problems The construction industry is a very special industry, without the same cost and management. Therefore, the cost control system must be personalized, suitable for the actual situation of specific enterprises, departments, positions and cost projects, and constantly improve and absorb the successful experience of others, rather than completely copying the successful experience of others. Cost management can be carried out in cooperation with Nissin, which is a professional work plan and work log software to facilitate your team to strengthen teamwork, optimize project management process and improve work efficiency.
What does project cost management mean? Refers to the sum of all kinds of expenses (excluding staff salaries) consumed by audit institutions to complete an audit project and achieve the predetermined audit objectives. Generally speaking, the audit project cost consists of three parts: dynamic cost, allocation of fixed cost and adjustment cost. The planning and management department of the audit institution shall put forward the budget of the audit project, report it to the person in charge of the audit institution for examination and approval at the meeting of the institution. After the project funds are determined, they will be uniformly distributed and used by the audit team, and the person in charge of the audit institution can dynamically grasp the use of funds and make appropriate adjustments. Before leaving office, the audit team will settle all kinds of expenses according to the facts, announce them to the audited units, and publicly audit the use of field funds. At the end of the year, the project cost will be assessed and the reward and punishment measures will be implemented.
What software is available for project cost management? The practical software of construction enterprise management is Path E, which comprehensively manages project budget management, schedule, document management, contract management (purchase and sale, contracting and subcontracting), material management, labor management, self-owned equipment management, lease management, material suppliers, employee attendance, salary management, financial management, inventory management, project construction daily, project cost analysis and settlement management.
What is software project cost management? Management work such as prediction, planning, control, adjustment, accounting, analysis and assessment carried out by the person in charge of the software project to control the project cost within the planned target. Project cost management is to ensure that the project is completed within the approved budget. The specific project depends on four processes: making cost management plan, cost estimation, cost budget and cost control. Project cost management is to manage the required processes in the whole project implementation process in order to ensure that the project is completed as well as possible within the approved cost budget. 8thManage's project management software controls the project cost through top-down cost control and bottom-up cost summary. Interested landlords can learn about it.
Cost management is one of the main contents of software project management. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the current software development cost management process, and puts forward the method of linking the schedule with the cost to match the workload with the actual cost. Combined with the existing estimation methods, the cost management system is designed and applied to the software project management platform, aiming at improving the cost overrun problem in software development and improving the enterprise benefit.
Keywords: software project management platform cost estimation cost control
With the rapid development of information technology, the software industry is playing an increasingly important role in the national economy. Effective software development management is the key factor that determines the development of software industry. In the process of software project development, project management is paid more and more attention. Software project management is an activity to analyze and manage the cost, personnel, schedule, quality and risk in order to make the software project complete smoothly according to the predetermined cost, schedule and quality. Cost management is the main content of software project management. As far as the current development is concerned, cost management is a weak aspect of software project management. Many software projects are poorly managed, which leads to the increase of software cost and the inability to guarantee software quality. In view of these phenomena, this paper puts forward a new cost management method and applies it to the development of the software project management platform under study, in order to develop effective software project management tools, save costs and improve economic benefits for enterprises.
1 Overview of cost management
Project cost management includes all processes needed to ensure the completion of the project within the approved budget [1]. The management of software project cost can basically be summarized by estimation and control. First, estimate the cost of software, and then form a cost management plan. In the process of software project development, control the software project to make it proceed as planned. Cost management plan is the standard of cost control. Unreasonable planning may make the project out of control and exceed the budget. Therefore, cost estimation is the basis of the whole cost management process, and cost control is to control the cost of the project within the budget during the development process.
1. 1 process of cost management
Software project cost management is a series of management activities, such as effective organization, implementation, control, tracking, analysis and evaluation, to ensure the progress and quality of the project to meet the customer's satisfaction according to the situation of the enterprise and the specific requirements of the project.
The process of cost management includes [1]:
Cost estimation, including a rough estimate of the cost of resources needed to complete the project. Its main achievement is the cost management plan.
Cost budget, including allocating the whole cost budget to each job to establish a benchmark plan to measure performance. Its main output is the cost benchmark plan.
Cost control, including controlling the change of project budget. It mainly outputs revised cost estimates, latest budgets, corrective actions and lessons learned.
1.2 main problems in the process of software development cost management
(1) The accuracy of project cost budget and estimation is poor.
Due to the change of customer demand, the work content and workload are constantly changing. Once there is a change, the project manager adds the project budget, and the budget changes frequently. By the end of the project, the actual cost is quite different from the original plan.
In addition, project budgets tend to go to two extremes: too thick and too detailed. The budget is too rough, the project cost is arbitrary and the accuracy is reduced; If the budget is too detailed, the content of project control will be too much, the flexibility will be poor, the change will be inflexible, and the management cost will increase.
(2) Lack of effective control over software cost estimation in advance.
In the early stage of development, we paid insufficient attention to cost and neglected cost control. Only in the late stage of the project, when the actual situation is far from the plan, can the cost be controlled, which often leads to the project exceeding the budget.
(3) Lack of cost performance analysis and tracking.
In the traditional project cost management, the budget is compared with the actual value, but the budget, actual cost and workload schedule are rarely linked, and whether the actual cost and workload match is considered.
1.3 improvement of cost management method
At present, the commonly used software project management tools are all aimed at a certain function, such as Microsoft's Project2000, which focuses on the management and planning of tasks and the tracking of these tasks during the project execution, and tends to control the progress and tracking; RUP focuses on the description of user needs; PVCS focuses on software change management. These software project management tools are constantly improving their functions. Although they also have the function of cost management, generally speaking, most of them can not be used for software cost estimation, lack of cost control in advance, can not be automatically coordinated with the estimated data, and can not automatically use the data in the historical database. The current project management tools can not meet the needs of cost management.
In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned cost management process and the shortcomings of the current software project management tools, this paper puts forward an improved management method, which links the schedule with the cost and considers the matching between the workload and the actual cost. Combined with the existing cost estimation methods, the process database is introduced into software project management, and the prototype design of cost management system is given. The system uses advanced estimation methods to solve the problem of poor accuracy of cost estimation, and uses the method of matching workload with actual cost to analyze and track cost performance, so as to control the project cost within the budget range. Supplement: 2 Design of cost management system
2. 1 Overall system design
Although there are many project management softwares at present, they generally only manage software progress and follow-up supervision, and software estimation is independent of the project. Moreover, there is no software project cost management software at present. Guided by this, this paper studies the particularity of software development process, combines the existing software cost estimation technology with the general industry project management technology, and puts forward the concrete implementation scheme of software cost management centered on schedule, personnel, cost and change. On this basis, the functions of the system are analyzed and designed. Figure 1 is the basic architecture diagram of the system.
Conclusion This paper discusses the shortcomings of some existing software project management systems, which can not link the budget, workload and actual progress to achieve effective cost management. This paper puts forward an improved cost management method, which can accurately estimate and effectively control cost management, and gives the design of the system. 2009-06-29
What does audit project cost management mean? Definition of audit project cost management: refers to the audit institution completing an audit project and achieving progress? The sum of all kinds of expenses (excluding personnel salaries) consumed by audit objectives. Generally speaking, the audit project cost consists of dynamic cost and shared cost. Fixed cost and adjustment cost consist of three parts.
Audit project cost management includes the following aspects:
Salary cost: refers to the basic salary, supplementary salary, allowance, subsidy, overtime pay on holidays paid to audit managers and business personnel, as well as various remuneration paid to experts and perennial legal advisers.
Official expenses: refers to office expenses, post and telecommunications expenses, utilities, travel expenses, conference expenses, vehicle and vessel fuel and maintenance expenses, repair expenses, labor protection expenses, various insurance premiums, foreign affairs expenses, etc.
Business expenses: refers to the payment of printing fees, books and periodicals fees, personnel training fees, rental fees, consulting fees, notarization fees, litigation fees, compensation fees for misjudged cases, etc.
Purchase cost: refers to the construction cost of buildings such as office buildings and staff quarters, and the purchase cost of transportation, computers, tape recorders, video recorders, cameras, telecommunications, documents, offices and other equipment.
Social security expenses: refers to the living expenses, subsidies, public medical expenses and welfare expenses paid to retired and resigned personnel.
Other expenses: refers to unforeseen expenses, such as sponsoring social welfare undertakings.
The process of audit project cost management:
Audit institution? Planning and management departments put forward audit projects? The budget shall be reported to the person in charge of the auditing organ for examination and approval at the organ meeting. After the project funds are determined, they will be uniformly distributed and used by the audit team, and the person in charge of the audit institution can dynamically grasp the use of funds and make appropriate adjustments. Before leaving office, the audit team will settle all kinds of expenses according to the facts, announce them to the audited units, and publicly audit the use of funds on the spot. At the end of the year, the project cost will be assessed and the reward and punishment measures will be implemented.
Does project cost management belong to accounting category? In a broad sense, it is true, but there are also financial management elements in project cost management.
How to do well the process and control of real estate project cost management? It's really a big question, so you can only answer it simply, otherwise you can't finish it.
1, the integrity of process system is the basis of management and control. It is best to design a complete process system by yourself, and you can hire a management consulting company. At the same time, this process is a company-wide professional, not a cost department, otherwise it will not work. Because Chen Ben's control is greatly affected in the stage of market research, entry and design, but not in the stage of implementation.
2. The determination and decomposition of goals in each stage, especially in the design stage, has a great influence on the cost, so it is necessary to communicate with the designer. For example, things designed are found in the process of purchasing, or the price is very high, which is very common, especially landscape design.
3, procurement, determine the long-term strategic suppliers, and record from the supplier evaluation system, and cultivate good suppliers to facilitate long-term multi-project cooperation, which can naturally reduce costs. Especially mutual trust.
4. Contract planning should be closely integrated with marketing, finance and engineering. This needs to be determined and decomposed by various professional departments before it can be implemented.