1in the autumn of 949, the main parameters of the first submersible reactor in the United States have been determined.
1950 In August, US President Truman signed the document deciding to build the first nuclear submarine. The ship was named SSN-57 1 Nautilus. 195 1 On August 20th, 2008, the Electric Ship Branch signed a contract with the US Navy for the construction of the nuclear submarine Nautilus. 1952, 14 In June, the boat was officially started in the electric boat factory, and US President Harry Truman attended the groundbreaking ceremony of the nuclear submarine.
Just as the Nautilus nuclear submarine was in a tense construction stage, the construction of STR-I land model reactor in Alcoa was also stepping up. On May 3rd1,65438, 0953, the STR-I land model reactor reached the critical state and began to generate considerable electricity. In this sense, the STR-I reactor with a cost of US$ 30 million is the first nuclear power reactor in the world. On June 25th of that year, STR-I land model reactor finally reached full power after several weeks of power increase. After the S-D R-I land model reactor was operated at full power for 24 hours, the engineers at the site thought that enough data had been collected and the reactor should be stopped. But hyman rickover insisted that the reaction proceed at full speed. He wants to use this reactor to simulate the voyage of a nuclear submarine across the Atlantic.
In the control room of STR-I land model reactor, there is a chart hanging on the wall, which draws a route from the east coast of the United States to Britain. This is the route to be taken by this experiment to simulate nuclear submarines. After four consecutive days and nights of operation, the symbols on the chart finally moved to Ireland, England, which shows that the "nuclear submarine" has withstood the test of long-term continuous operation and successfully crossed the Atlantic Ocean. During the 96-hour continuous "voyage", the STR-I land model reactor never stopped running. During this period, this "nuclear submarine" has been "sailing" 2500 nautical miles underwater.
Nautilus was born.
1954 65438+1October 2 1 day, the nuclear submarine Nautilus was launched in groton Electric Ship Branch. In order to ensure that some main equipment can meet the size requirements in the ship, builders first try to install the equipment in wooden models before loading. With the efforts of relevant departments and personnel, the construction of nuclear submarines has come to an end. 1954 On September 30th, the nuclear submarine Nautilus was finally built.
The main dimensions of this world's first solid nuclear submarine are 98.5 × 8.5 × 6.7 meters, with a light load displacement of 32 15 tons, a normal displacement of 3,582 tons and an underwater displacement of 409 1 ton. Generally speaking, the Nautilus nuclear submarine adopts the shape of a conventional power submarine. The basic characteristics of this shape are that the stem is round, the freeboard is low and the upper deck is straight. The bow and horizontal rudder of a ship are retractable and can be folded up when not in use. Behind the horizontal rudder at the bow, there is an anchor hole, where the anchor is stored. The podium fence is located in the middle of the ship, next to the bow. The stern of Nautilus nuclear submarine basically adopts the stern structure of conventional power submarine. The tail rudder is located behind the propeller, but the tail vertical rudder is divided into two parts, which are arranged in a cross shape with the tail transverse rudder, and have two propulsion shafts and two propellers.
The pressure hull of Nautilus nuclear submarine is divided into six compartments, from the bow to the stern: torpedo compartment, living compartment, combat command compartment, reactor compartment, main engine compartment and stern compartment.
The torpedo cabin is equipped with six 533mm torpedo tubes, which are loaded with a certain number of torpedoes. The living area and the operational command area are divided into three floors. The upper floor of the living area is the officer's cabin and the officer's conference room, which are used by 10 officers. Among them, the area of the officer meeting room is three times larger than that of the officer meeting room on the submarine of the US Navy Fleet. The middle floor is a cooking room and a soldier's dining room, which can provide meals for 46 crew members at the same time, and can also be arranged as a small movie screening hall, which can accommodate 50 spectators. In addition, there are ice cream machines, beverage machines, tape recorders and televisions in the restaurant. The upper level of the command module is the periscope room and the attack command room. Behind the attack command room is the radio communication room. The middle layer of the command module is the control room, where all the rudder controls on the nuclear submarine are concentrated. The rudder adopts steering wheel and joystick. Behind the control room is the crew living area of soldiers. The bottom of the combat command module and living module are various liquid modules, battery modules, pump rooms and warehouses.
S2W PWR, heat exchanger, various pumps and reactor water tank are installed in the reactor cabin. The top of the reactor cabin is sealed with lead shield, and there is a shielding corridor at the top, which becomes a safe passage for people on board. There are two gear-driven steam turbines and various auxiliary machines in the main engine room; The console of the power plant is also arranged in the main engine room. The two gear-driven steam turbines on the nuclear submarine, driven by the saturated steam generated by the reactor, can generate 13400 shaft horsepower, so that the maximum speed of the Nautilus nuclear submarine is 20 knots above the water and 23 knots underwater.
The stern cabin at the rear of the nuclear submarine is the soldier's living cabin. There are 93 crew members on board, but generally speaking, the number of crew members often exceeds the number of crew members. Because the Nautilus nuclear submarine is responsible for important test tasks, there are often people who have received training, people with special missions and people who have participated in the test. Therefore, most ships use bunks on the second or third floor. The three walls of each berth are light metal walls, forming a basically independent personal control space, and the bed is equipped with lighting lamps for personal use. Each crew member has a special cabinet to store personal belongings.
Nautilus has no torpedo room at the stern, which is different from the cabin layout of U.S. Navy's fleet submarines. It has added some facilities that are not equipped on the fleet submarines, such as automatic washing machines, dryers, libraries, and radioactive dose detection rooms. In addition, the high-power air conditioning system on the Nautilus nuclear submarine can keep the cabin temperature in the range of 20-22 degrees Celsius and the relative humidity at about 50%.
A nuclear submarine always carries 24 torpedoes, six of which are equipped in HK-54 hydraulic torpedo tube, 18 for standby. At the same time, the sonar equipped on the boat is an/bqr-2B bow sonar. After 1958 refitted the Nautilus nuclear submarine, the US Navy added a /BQR-3A sonar on the starboard side of the submarine's foredeck to enhance its underwater detection capability.
An important "trajectory"
1954, 1954, the reactor on the nuclear submarine nautilus began to start. After four days of mooring test, the reactor power on board gradually increased to full power. 195565438+1October 1 7 in the morning, Captain Eugene P. Wilkinson stood on the podium of Nautilus, the world's first nuclear submarine, and gave the order to understand the cable. This world-famous nuclear submarine slowly left the mooring dock of the electric ship branch. 1l, as soon as the Nautilus nuclear submarine entered the main channel, the signalman on board sent out an epoch-making signal with lights, "Our ship is sailing with nuclear power!"
Nautilus, as the first nuclear submarine in the world, has greatly promoted the development of submarine technology worldwide, and has a far-reaching impact on the rapid upgrade of submarine technology, the development and change of submarine tactics, and the development of anti-submarine warfare tactics and technology.
First, the Nautilus nuclear submarine pointed out the direction of efforts for realizing the "real submarine" and laid a solid foundation for realizing the "real submarine". The application of nuclear reactors in submarines makes nuclear submarines no longer at the same level as traditional conventional power submarines. This is a huge step towards a "real submarine".
Second, the "Nautilus" nuclear submarine completely changed the military role of the submarine.
The appearance of nuclear propulsion technology, represented by the Nautilus nuclear submarine, has enabled many advanced technologies to be more effectively applied to nuclear submarines, and has made a qualitative leap in the military role of submarines that have been stagnant for decades.
Thirdly, the appearance of the Nautilus nuclear submarine has promoted the transformation and development of various modern advanced technologies related to submarines. After the Nautilus nuclear submarine showed its great charm to military strategists, submarine designers can finally apply advanced technology to different fields that have been restricted by the bottleneck effect of submarines for many years, making the performance of nuclear submarines reach a highly developed level after nearly half a century of development.
Fourthly, stimulated by the military potential of the Nautilus nuclear submarine, the anti-submarine warfare technology has made rapid progress and improvement.
Fifth, the Nautilus nuclear submarine triggered a profound change in the overall design idea of the submarine by the US Navy, which made the submarine hull transition from a double-hull structure to a single-and-double mixed structure.
Sixth, it has promoted the development of conventional power submarine AI P technology. At present, the basic mature AI P technologies include Stirling engine system, fuel cell system, closed cycle diesel engine system, autonomous underwater energy system and small low temperature and low pressure reactor system. These AI P systems also have considerable development potential. At present, submarine artificial intelligence technology has shown an encouraging development dawn.
Seventh, the Nautilus nuclear submarine promoted the rapid development of nuclear-powered surface ships.
Although the Nautilus nuclear submarine has withdrawn from the historical stage, its epoch-making influence will not be erased. The future nuclear submarine will continue along its "trajectory".