Renaissance refers to the rise of/kloc-0 in Italian cities at the end of March, and then spread to western European countries./kloc-0 prevailed in Europe in the 6th century, bringing a period of scientific and artistic revolution and opening the curtain of modern European history, which is considered as the dividing line between the middle ages and the modern. Marxist historians believe that it is the dividing line between feudalism and capitalism. /kloc-at the end of 0/3 century, some advanced intellectuals in Italy's emerging bourgeoisie carried forward the humanistic spirit through the study of ancient Greek and Roman art and culture and literary creation. There are other related books.

This is a cultural movement that took place from the middle of14th century to the end of16th century.

Representative figure

Three outstanding literary figures

Dante (1265- 132 1). Dante, the pioneer of the Renaissance

The Renaissance originated in northern Italy. It is generally believed that Dante was the first representative, and his masterpiece was The Divine Comedy. His works criticized and exposed the corruption and stupidity of medieval religious rule in an implicit way for the first time, and were written in local dialect instead of Latin, the official literary language of medieval Europe. It is considered to be an ideological liberation movement that the bourgeoisie knocked on the door of modern society in the Middle Ages. He believed that the ancient Greek and Roman times were the most perfect times of human nature, and it was against nature to suppress human nature in the Middle Ages. Although he studied Latin literature deeply and extensively, he wrote a large number of lyric poems in the form of sonnets in Italian dialect, which were warmly welcomed by the rulers of various cities and countries. Petrarch is an Italian poet. 1304 was born in arezzo on July 20th, and 1374 died in Alqua on July 9th. He is not only the founder of humanism, but also the founder of modern poetry. His excellent sonnet lyric poetry collection "songji" came out and won the title of "Poet Laureate". The collection of songs expresses the early humanists' yearning and pursuit of a new life and their hatred of the church. Father is a noble family and lawyer in Florence. He went into exile in France with his father since childhood, and then studied law. After his father died, he devoted himself to literary activities and traveled around Europe. He also worked as a priest and had the opportunity to go in and out of the church and court, observe life and pursue knowledge. He proposed replacing "God's Thought" with "Man's Thought" and was called "Father of Humanism". Giovanni Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) translated by Boccaccio is an outstanding representative of the Italian Renaissance and a humanist. Decameron, the representative work, criticizes religious conservatism and advocates that "happiness lies on earth", which is regarded as the declaration of the Renaissance.

Three outstanding artistic artists

Leonardo da Vinci (1452- 15 19) was the most famous artist, sculptor, architect, engineer, scientist, master of science, literary theorist, great philosopher, poet, musician and inventor in the Italian Renaissance. Because he is an all-rounder, he is also called "the most perfect representative of the Renaissance". He was born in Finch, a suburb of Florence, and died in France. Mural The Last Supper, Altar Madonna in the Rock and Portrait Mona Lisa are three masterpieces of his life. These three works are one of the treasures left by Leonardo da Vinci to the world art treasure house and the cornerstone of European art. Rafael Raffaello Santi (1483 ~ 1520) is an Italian painter. 1483 was born in urbino on April 6th, and 1520 died in Rome on April 6th. Formerly known as Raphael St. George. His series of portraits of the Virgin Mary are different from similar themes painted by medieval painters, and all of them embody humanistic thoughts with maternal warmth and youthful bodybuilding. Among them, Notre Dame de Orioles (Uffizi Art Museum in Florence), Notre Dame de Grasses (Vienna Museum of Art History) and Notre Dame de Gardens (Louvre Museum) are the most famous. 1512 ~1513 painted a large oil painting "The Sistine Madonna". The figures are similar in size to real people, and the triangle composed of the virgin and saints is solemn and balanced. The Madonna and Jesus are strong, showing the happiness and greatness of maternal love. The other, which is taller, is the Madonna of foligno in the form of altar painting, as well as the Madonna of Chair and Madonna of Alba later created, all of which can be regarded as his perfect works. After 1509, he was invited by Pope Julius II to paint the murals of the Vatican Palace, among which the murals of the signature hall were the most outstanding. These paintings all over the walls and roofs of the hall represent four aspects of human spiritual activities: theology, philosophy, poetics and law. In addition to his unique painting style, his works also pay special attention to the full harmony between painting expression and architectural decoration, giving people a solemn and rich feeling. Other important works in this period include: Eliodoro was banished from the Temple and Bolshenna Mass in Eliodoro Hall, Fire of Porgo by the Fire Department, and Victory of Galatia by Fanesina Villa. These works have reached a new level in image-building and the use of light and color, and are regarded as the pinnacle of ancient and modern mural art, and his portraits have also achieved great success. Both form and spirit are full of charm. Most of them use the micro-side half-length posture to hide the background, and only the natural and friendly manner of the characters stands out in the picture. Representative works include The Image in Castiglio and The Image of a Woman in a Yarn. Michelangelo Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475- 1564), a great Italian painter, sculptor and architect in the Renaissance, is the representative of the highest peak of sculpture in the Renaissance. From 65438 to 0496, Michelangelo came to Rome and created the first batch of representative works, such as Bacchus, Dionysus and Mourning for Christ. 150 1 year, he returned to Florence and completed the world-famous statue of David in four years. David

1505 In Rome, he was ordered by Pope Julius II to build the Pope's tomb. 1506 returned to Florence after the work was stopped. 1508, he was ordered to return to Rome, and it took four years and five months to finish the ceiling mural of the famous Sistine Chapel. 15 13 years, the construction of the Pope's Mausoleum was resumed, and Michelangelo created the famous "Moses, Bound Slave and Dying Slave". 15 19- 1534, in Florence, he created the greatest work of his life-the group sculpture of medici family Mausoleum in the church of San Lorenzo. 1536, Michelangelo returned to the Ting Church in Romasis and spent nearly six years creating the great mural "The Doomsday Judgment". After that, he lived in Rome, engaged in sculpture, architecture and a small amount of painting, until 1564 died in his own works in February.