Absrtact: The phenomenon of "occupying seats" is very common in university campuses. There are students in classrooms, study rooms and libraries.
Wait early, hoping to get a satisfactory seat. This paper hopes to find out the reasons and corresponding countermeasures through the analysis of seat occupation phenomenon, alleviate the unreasonable allocation of resources caused by "seat occupation" and improve the utilization efficiency of this resource.
Key words: occupancy, resource allocation, cost-benefit, countermeasures 1 The current situation of college students' "seat occupation"
Nowadays, many students don't choose the time when they need to read books, because there is a great chance that they won't have seats at that time. They often choose to occupy a seat in advance, put things on the seat to show "sovereignty", then leave and come back when they need to read. This makes other students who need to read books now have no seats to sit on. For example, classmate A is free in the afternoon and plans to go to the library to read books. In order to take the lead, he will put the books on his seat in the morning. Although it is late in the afternoon, he can have a seat to study by himself, and those students who need to study by themselves in the morning, such as B, have long been rejected by the book of the seat occupant.
For the first person B, when he sees a book on the table but no one is there, he often has two choices: one is to bring the book and sit down; The second is to avoid and find a seat again. In our life, students often choose the second one. From an economic point of view, the cost of choosing the first scheme is often higher than the income. First of all, we are not sure whether A will leave temporarily or come back after a long time, so there is a risk of game. If you come back for a long time, it is a good choice to sit down. However, if A leaves temporarily just because of something and comes back to find that the seat is occupied, then a quarrel is inevitable, and even the combination of fists and feet is serious. This will not only waste B's time, but also affect his mood, bring bad influence to the students around him and damage his personal image (after all, he took someone else's seat first). The cost of this choice is too great for the income, so it is better to find a new seat. Of course, it is also possible that after B sits down, A will stop arguing with it and find another seat. It is also possible. So this also forms a dynamic game, and the result is uncertain. If B is willing to bear the risks brought by the game, then it is also possible to choose to sit up.
When B has been unable to find a seat for self-study for many times because others occupy it, and can't enjoy the resources provided by the school, B, as a rational person, can't help thinking: not occupying a seat is at a disadvantage. In that case, why don't I choose to occupy a seat? So people who don't occupy seats slowly joined the ranks of occupying seats. In the past, the rule of "studying by yourself to get a seat" was broken, and the rule of "occupying a seat to get a seat" came into effect. In this way, we often find that the seats in the study room or library are full of schoolbags, books and cups, but few people actually sit in the seats to study by themselves. Those who want to study by themselves can't find a seat and go home in frustration. This practice greatly reduces the efficiency of the use of resources and causes great waste of resources.
Second, the reasons for the "seat occupation" phenomenon
At present, almost all colleges and universities are popular with "the wind of occupying seats". Taking Nanjing Normal University as an example, the seat-occupying phenomenon in the library of Nanjing Normal University has always been an amazing event, which has been reported in newspapers many times. It's the peak season for exams. Before the library opens, the queue is like a long dragon winding from the library gate to the school gate, even in the cold winter. I can't help thinking, what makes students want to wait in line for such a long time just to find a seat? Is this worth it? Supply and demand analysis
The fundamental reason for occupying seats is the lack of seats. The number of seats provided by schools for self-taught examinations is limited, and many colleges and universities continue to expand their enrollment, but they have not provided more resources for self-taught examinations, making the number of self-taught examinations a scarce resource. In normal times, this shortage is not obvious, supply and demand can basically reach a balance, and sometimes supply exceeds demand. At this time, we don't have to worry about having nowhere to study. But once the examination period, especially the final exam, the shortage of such resources will immediately appear, and the supply is far less than the demand. According to the market price mechanism, when the supply exceeds the demand, the price will rise, which can adjust the balance between supply and demand to a certain extent. However, the learning resources provided by the school are public and free, and cannot be adjusted by the price mechanism, so students will compete for seats. (b) Economic analysis of costs and benefits
From the perspective of economics, when we assume that all people are rational people and rational people pursue the maximization of interests, the system itself does not involve moral issues. If a system can meet the needs of rational people to maximize their interests, it will realize fairness and justice in the universal sense, even if it is a reasonable system. The same is true of the phenomenon of "occupying seats". When the benefit of "occupying a seat" is greater than or even far greater than the cost paid, and the requirement of maximizing the interests of rational people is realized, it will become a reasonable and sought after practice.
Judging from the cost of "occupying a seat", it is necessary to sacrifice precious sleep time in the morning first, and running back and forth will also consume physical strength. If you wait in front of the classroom or library, you need some time and patience (if it is winter, you have to endure the cold). When you enter the study room, put down your schoolbag or books and leave, the items used to occupy the seat may be taken away by the librarian, so you need time and energy to find them. More seriously, it may be lost. And once you take a seat but don't study here, you will be criticized for taking someone else's self-study position, your image will be damaged and you will feel guilty.
Judging from the advantages of "occupying a seat", first of all, you can fully enjoy the resources provided by the school, get a quiet and comfortable learning environment (you can enjoy air conditioning in summer and heating in winter), and improve your learning efficiency. Furthermore, you can easily find a seat and avoid people spending too much manpower and time looking for a seat, causing mental anxiety and affecting their mood. Finally, you can help your classmates to occupy a seat, or give your seat to a friend when you occupy a seat, and get some favor.
The above opportunity cost, when you look at it with a positive attitude, can be completely reduced to a small or even negative value-getting up early is good for health, full of energy, and running around can also exercise; It is unlikely that the articles will be taken away or lost, or it is even less likely that some unnecessary articles will occupy seats (such as overdue newspapers). From this point of view, the opportunity cost you pay for occupying a seat is very small, but the income you get is much greater, so occupying a seat is undoubtedly the best choice for rational people. From the management point of view, this can be said to be the combination of effect and efficiency, making full use of one's own resources and realizing the best choice.
(C) Game theory analysis
From the perspective of game theory. Game theory studies how everyone chooses their best strategy. Seating is a typical application of the "prisoner's dilemma" model: if others don't sit, you sit by yourself, then you won't suffer from robbing scarce resources; If someone else occupies a seat, then you need to occupy a seat more, otherwise you will have no place to study and suffer. Therefore, everyone's best choice is: occupying a seat. The best here refers to the best choice of rational people defined by economics, and does not represent the best in real life. Because there are moral and future interests in reality.
Three. Discussion on the countermeasures of "seat occupation" phenomenon
Although the benefits of "occupying a seat" are greater than the cost for the occupier, it is unfavorable for the full use of resources, resulting in a waste of resources to some extent. Therefore, we need to find some reasonable measures so that students can enjoy the learning resources provided by the school and make full use of them as much as possible.
First of all, we need to strengthen the construction and management of campus infrastructure. The fundamental reason for occupying seats lies in insufficient seats and scarce resources. Therefore, while expanding enrollment, schools should also consider increasing capital investment, expanding campus and improving learning conditions, that is, "making the cake bigger."
Furthermore, schools need to strengthen publicity and education. This method can have a certain effect in a short time, but due to the inevitability of the phenomenon of "seat occupation", seat occupation has become a kind of knowledge among college students, and it may return to its original state after the publicity period.
Or take the method of regular cleaning, which is widely used in colleges and universities at present. Every once in a while, someone will clean up the seat-occupying items in the library reading room to stop the seat-occupying behavior. This method can prevent long-term seat occupation, but it cannot fundamentally eliminate the phenomenon of seat occupation. It takes a lot of manpower, and it is easy to have conflicts with students, and there are also problems in the preservation and claim of goods.
There are many countermeasures to occupy seats, such as introducing price mechanism, adopting modern technology, compulsory restraint, temporary use, number plate method, etc., but these methods also have limitations, either because of technical conditions or because of human and financial resources.
Can't be satisfied. In a word, there is still a long way to go to find the countermeasures to occupy seats. We need continuous efforts and innovation to find the most suitable solution to this problem.