Zhenhai district is located on the coast of the East China Sea, and the Yongjiang River is at the mouth of the sea. It is one of the five districts in Ningbo, with an area of 2 18 square kilometers, a population of 210.2 million and a population density of nearly 1,000 people per square kilometer. Except for the hilly terrain in the northwest, the whole region belongs to the water network plain along the Yangtze River, with low terrain. This area belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate, with four distinct seasons and moderate humidity. The annual average temperature is 15.8 ~ 16.3℃, and the annual precipitation is about 1300mm. Rich in light and heat resources, suitable for industrial and agricultural production. Although Zhenhai is not rich in energy and mineral resources, it is beneficial to fishing and salt transportation. It has been a prosperous place since ancient times and is known as "Zhejiang". With the 1974 "four major projects" (ports, refineries, power plants and fishery bases) as an opportunity, the economy is advancing by leaps and bounds, urban construction is changing with each passing day, the economic composition is changing from agriculture to industry, and the proportion of urban population is over 50%, which is in the period of rising industrialization. According to the requirements of "Ningbo City Master Plan", zhenhai district will be the main port and heavy chemical industry base in Ningbo, focusing on the development of petrochemical and energy industries. At present, there are more than 30 large enterprises in some provinces and cities in Zhenhai, of which the annual processing capacity of Zhenhai Refinery is 8 million tons, and the installed capacity of Zhenhai Power Plant is 6.5438+0.05 million kilowatts. Regional industries have also developed greatly. In recent years, Zhenhai has made great efforts to attract investment, and a number of foreign-funded projects, such as LG- Yongxing ABS project and refining CO2 project, have been or will soon be settled in Zhenhai. With the development of economy, the environmental pollution in Zhenhai has become more and more serious, which has affected the health of residents and the image of the city, and has become a major issue of concern to the whole society. As a member of our hometown, we love our hometown and care about the environment around us, so we use our spare time to investigate the environmental pollution in Zhenhai (within the scope of Chengguan Town), hoping to understand the current environmental situation in our hometown and find out the improvement countermeasures. (Attached Figure 1 Zhenhai Administrative Region Map 2 Zhenhai City Master Plan)
2. Investigation methods and research methods
In this survey, we collected information and data in various ways, tried our best to obtain first-hand information and try our best to truly and accurately reflect the original appearance of things. Under the guidance of the instructor, we went to the district library to consult books and newspapers such as Zhenhai County Records and Zhenhai Urban and Rural Construction Records to understand the general situation, historical evolution and development planning of our hometown. Ask the district environmental protection bureau for relevant environmental monitoring data; Field observation and water sampling in urban areas; Investigate the pollution discharge and treatment of several large factories; In addition, we also surveyed dozens of parents of students in the form of questionnaires to understand residents' reflection on environmental problems and residents' environmental awareness. It is very difficult to comprehensively reflect the present situation of environmental pollution in an area and make an accurate evaluation. Limited by our own ability, we can only use the method of combining subjective estimation and quantitative analysis to make a superficial evaluation of the present situation, influence and trend of the environment in our hometown, and put forward some immature views on the environmental protection in our hometown. Please correct me if there are any shortcomings.
Three. Environmental pollution in zhenhai district
Before 1970s, Zhenhai had a small industrial scale, beautiful environment and comfortable life. This used to be a paradise in Ningbo. With the transfer of industrial structure to heavy chemical industry, water and air pollution is becoming more and more serious, drinking water is gradually turning into acid rain, and environmental degradation is obvious to all. How to analyze and evaluate the environmental situation in our hometown, we put forward such a model: for a certain area, there is such a quantitative balance relationship between pollutants in a certain period of time:
External input+internal emission-external output = environmental purification+environmental accumulation.
According to this relationship, the environmental pollution in a certain area will be affected by both overseas and overseas. According to the law of distance attenuation, the pollutants discharged in this area generally have the greatest impact. One part of the pollutants discharged into the environment is purified by the environment, and the other part remains. The process of purifying pollutants is actually a process of consuming environmental resources (including human health). Therefore, to evaluate the environmental quality of a region, we should not only look at pollutant emissions, but also look at the impact of environmental pollution.
(A) field observation results
During the field observation in the urban area (Chengguan Town), we selected four observation points and collected water samples respectively. Observations show that Zhenhai's atmosphere is still good, and there is a little irritating smell in the atmosphere near the industrial zone in the western suburbs of the city. The visibility of the atmosphere is not high on sunny days, and there are more smoke and dust. The water pollution is serious, the water color is turbid, and some river sections emit stench. The determination of PH value of water sample shows that all water except Yongjiang River is neutral (identified by test paper). Plants grow well, and there is more ash on the leaves.
(B) the results of the questionnaire survey
50 questionnaires were distributed and 40 valid answers were collected. According to the statistical results, 50% of Zhenhai's environmental quality is poor, 72% of people think that the most serious environmental problem in Zhenhai is air pollution, 60% of people agree that Zhenhai should develop heavy chemical industry, but environmental protection must be put in the first place, and up to 90% of people think that environmental pollution is harmful to their own or their families' health. The results of the questionnaire survey show that Zhenhai residents are very concerned about environmental problems and have a certain awareness of environmental protection.
(3) Discharge and treatment of industrial pollutants
According to the data of Environmental Protection Bureau, the total amount of waste gas discharged by 49 industrial enterprises in 195 billion cubic meters in 1999 was/kloc-0, of which 90.5% was treated by smoke and dust removal. 6.893 million tons of wastewater, with a treatment rate of 82.8%; There are 74,000 tons of solid waste, most of which are disposed of by landfill. If the emissions of enterprises affiliated to provinces and cities are added, the total amount of pollutants borne by Zhenhai, a small area, is quite amazing every year. Only Zhenhai Refining & Chemical Company, 1990, the waste gas emission is 7.52 billion cubic meters, and the annual emission of Zhenhai Power Plant should be no less than 5 billion cubic meters. Although governance has been strengthened in recent years, most industrial enterprises can meet the discharge standards, but the total amount is too large, and the impact on the environment is still great.
(four) environmental monitoring data and environmental quality evaluation
According to the information of Environmental Protection Bureau, the monitoring results of air and water environment quality in zhenhai district during 1999 are as follows:
1 atmospheric environmental quality
1999 table of atmospheric monitoring results in zhenhai district unit: concentration mg/m3, dustfall tons /km2. Monthly over-standard rate%.
sulphur dioxide
compounds of nitrogen and oxygen
The amount of a teaspoon.
dust fall
average value
Excess interest rate
average value
Excess interest rate
average value
Excess interest rate
average value
Excess interest rate
0.0 12
0.029
0. 100
3.7
6.68
30.6
The air pollutant indicators and comprehensive indicators obtained from the monitoring results are as follows: (
SO2: 0.20 nitrogen oxides: 0.58 TSP: 0.50 dust: 0.84 comprehensive index: 0.67 Overall, the atmospheric environmental quality in Zhenhai meets the national second-class standard and is still clean. Among all kinds of air pollutants, dustfall and NOX have the greatest impact on the environment.
2 Acid rain situation
The monitoring results show that the amount of acid rain in 1999 Zhenhai accounts for 8 1.2% of the total precipitation, and the average PH value of precipitation is 4.70. Compared with previous years, the probability of acid rain is greater, and the PH value also shows a downward trend. According to the grading standard put forward by Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Center, the acid rain pollution in our area is Grade 4, which belongs to serious acid rain area. Judging from the acid rain situation in this area, the actual degree of atmospheric environmental pollution may be more serious than that estimated by the District Environmental Protection Bureau.
3 Water environmental quality
The monitoring results show that the water quality of 1999 zhenhai district Reservoir is the national first-class and second-class standard, which basically meets the functional requirements. The water quality of inland rivers in urban areas is poor, and the water quality category is ⅳ ~ ⅴ, showing typical organic pollution. The main pollution indicators are total phosphorus, biochemical oxygen demand and petroleum.
(v) Future trends and hazards of environmental pollution.
Judging from the above environmental monitoring data, the current environmental situation in Zhenhai is really not optimistic. At present, there is no clear information and data to explain how much harm environmental pollution has caused to urban and rural residents, but the potential harm certainly exists. Zhenhai has the largest liquid chemical wharf and many large chemical plants in China, and the probability of accidental discharge of harmful gases is high. In addition, the incidence of various diseases (including cancer) will increase even with long-term low-concentration pollutants, which will do harm to health. Water pollution destroys valuable water resources, poisons aquatic organisms, and harmful substances enter the human body after being enriched in organisms, which will produce various public hazards. In a word, the environmental pollution in Zhenhai not only threatens the quality of life of residents, but also affects the city image and investment environment, which is not conducive to the long-term economic development in this area. If effective measures are not taken in the future, with the further completion of Zhenhai Chemical Industry Zone, the environmental pollution in Zhenhai will be more serious.
4. Our suggestions
The overall goal of zhenhai district by 20 10 is to basically build Zhenhai into an international port city with prosperous economy, developed science and education, civilized society, beautiful environment and rich people, and with the level of a modern medium-sized city. In order to achieve this grand goal, we must take a road of sustainable development in which population, economy, society, resources and environment are coordinated. It is our greatest wish to make our hometown reappear the scene of blue sky and clear water. Here, we provide a strategy for environmental protection in our hometown:
(A) to strengthen environmental education, improve people's environmental awareness and literacy
To do a good job in environmental construction in a region, we must mobilize the participation of the whole society. From leaders at all levels to ordinary people, we must have a certain sense of environmental protection and literacy. We should popularize the idea of sustainable development and environmental protection knowledge in the whole region, so that everyone knows how to care for and care for the environment. Only when the awareness of environmental protection is deeply rooted in people's hearts can we overcome the wrong practice of unilaterally pursuing economic benefits and development speed while ignoring environmental quality, and mobilize the masses to consciously improve the surrounding environment, report and supervise environmental damage.
(2) Vigorously promote cleaner production.
Cleaner production is a brand-new production process, in which pollutants are eliminated or reduced, so that the production end is in a state of no waste or less waste discharge. Because this process can organically combine production and treatment, it can maximize the efficiency of resource and energy allocation and minimize the environmental cost. Therefore, all countries in the world regard the implementation of cleaner production as a strategic measure and fundamental way to deepen the prevention and control of industrial pollution and realize sustainable development. When transforming old enterprises and introducing projects, zhenhai district should consider choosing this new technology to achieve zero emission of industrial production as far as possible. Those projects with backward technology and serious pollution should be resolutely rejected.
(3) Strengthen supervision and management, and gradually realize environmental protection industrialization.
At present, there are still problems of poor supervision and lax law enforcement in environmental protection work. The pollution control of enterprises is only to cope with inspections, and the phenomenon of illegal discharge is still very serious. The reason is that the cost of pollution control is too high or the pursuit of high profits. A set of pollution control equipment has a large investment and high operating cost, which is unbearable for ordinary small and medium-sized enterprises, and it is impossible for environmental protection departments to bear it alone. You can consider using social funds. As far as urban sewage and garbage are concerned, according to the principle of "polluter pays", environmental protection projects can be commercialized under the coordination of the government. That is, the state promulgated laws and regulations on the collection of sewage and garbage discharge fees, and entrusted the construction and operation rights of all sewage plants and garbage treatment plants to enterprises with corresponding capital and technical strength, which were responsible for financing the construction and operation, and enterprises recovered their investment through fees. By realizing the industrialization of environmental protection, it not only increases the investment of environmental protection funds and the intensity of pollution control, but also develops the environmental protection industry and increases social employment.
(D) Development planning, giving priority to environmental protection.
According to the overall planning of Zhenhai, the greater development of Zhenhai industry is yet to come. Class II and III enterprises with serious pollution (mainly chemical industry) will be located in Yufan-Xupu area in the northwest of the city, and Class I and II enterprises will be located in the north of the city and Linjiang area. In the centralized layout of industry, supporting environmental protection facilities should be considered to centrally treat and uniformly discharge pollutants. Influenced by the shape of Zhenhai block, the industrial zones in Zhenhai, including Xiaogang Industrial Zone on the other side of Yongjiang River, are located in the upwind direction of the prevailing wind in the urban area. In order to reduce the impact of air pollution on urban areas, a green isolation belt should be set up between urban areas and industrial areas, and at the same time, the greening of urban areas should be strengthened to increase the purification capacity of the environment itself. We must pay special attention to the prevention and control of accidental discharge of pollutants from factories, and hope that all parties can pay enough attention to prevent problems before they happen. Finally, please don't treat the ocean as a garbage dump! Zhenhai is near the sea, so it is particularly convenient to discharge pollutants and dump garbage. A large number of untreated harmful substances have entered the sea, causing serious pollution to the offshore waters. The recent frequent occurrence of red tides in the East China Sea is a proof. For ourselves and the next generation, we should strive to create a better environment and make our hometown more brilliant and developed in the new century.