1. Neifu collection;

2. The officials of the Qing court wrote books;

3. Books collected from various places;

4. Collection of Yongle Dadian.

Our library officials put forward specific opinions on the above books, which should be copied, engraved and preserved. The copied book is a qualified work and can be copied into Sikuquanshu. Books that should be engraved are considered to be the best works. These works should not only be copied into Sikuquanshu, but also be carved into separate volumes and widely circulated. Books that should be kept are regarded as unqualified works and cannot be copied into Sikuquanshu. There are only their names in the catalogue of Sikuquanshu, and they are listed in the catalogue. There are 6793 kinds of such works, 9355 1 volume, which is nearly twice as many as that in Sikuquanshu. For the works that should be copied, we should compare the differences between the same book and different books and choose the better book as the base book. Once a book is defined as the basic edition of Si Ku, it will go through a series of processing, and Fei Biao and Eyebrows are the products of processing. Flying sign, also called clip sign, is a note taken by branch officials to correct typos and write preliminary opinions. This kind of comment is often attached to the volume and submitted to the editor for review. If approved by the editor, you can modify the original text with brush strokes, otherwise it will not be modified. Then submit it to the editor-in-chief for the third trial. After analysis, the editor-in-chief can not agree with the editor's audit opinion, but adopt the preliminary examination opinion of the head of the branch. After the third trial, it was submitted to the court. The third step is to copy the manuscript. Copywriting came from recommendation at first, but later it was found that this method had some disadvantages such as bribery, so it was changed to examination. The specific method is: when you need to add a copy, send a notice first. After the applicant signs up, write a few lines on the spot to see if the handwriting is correct and choose the best. Although the examination method is superior to the recommendation method, there are some inconveniences. So in the end, it was chosen from the students who failed the rural exam, and the one who wrote even on the test paper was hired. In this way, 3826 people have been selected for copying, which ensures the need of copying Sikuquanshu. In order to ensure the progress, the copying quota is also stipulated: each person copies 1 0,000 words per day, 330,000 words per year, and five years10.8 million words. At the expiration of five years, copying 2 million words is rated as first class; Copy 1.65 million words, as the second class. According to the grade, they were awarded four official positions: state boy, state judge, county cheng and main book. If it is found that the font is untidy, it will be recorded once, and it will be fined 10000 words. Due to effective measures and clear rewards and punishments, the reproduction of Sikuquanshu is progressing smoothly. There are 600 people engaged in copying every day, and at least 600,000 words can be copied. The fourth step is to modify. This is the last key process. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the revision, Siku Quanshu Library has formulated the Regulations on Punishment of Merits and Disruptions, which stipulates that if the typo is original, it will be exempted from recording; If the original text is correct, it is indeed an error caused by transcription, and each error is recorded once; If you can find out the original mistakes, please sign and correct them, and record your merits once for each place. After each volume, the titles of revisers are listed to clarify their responsibilities. A book of the branch school, after re-examination, passed twice, read and approved by the principal, and finally decorated and presented. The branch school, the re-school, and the principal each perform their duties, which really plays an important role in ensuring the quality of Sikuquanshu.

Contents of Sikuquanshu

The content of Sikuquanshu is very rich. According to the content, it includes 4 parts, 44 classes and 66 genera. It is divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi and Ji, hence the name Si Ku. The Department of Classics includes the Book of Changes, Calligraphy, Poetry, Rites, Spring and Autumn Period, Filial Piety, Five Classics, Four Books, Music, Primary School, etc. 10, among which Rites are divided into six categories: Zhou Rites, Rites, Three Rites, Tong Rites and Miscellaneous Rites, while Primary Schools are divided into exegesis and Miscellaneous Rites. The history department includes official history, chronicle, miscellaneous history, other history, imperial edict memorial, biography, historical records, records, seasons, geography, official positions, political books, catalogues, historical reviews, etc. 15, among which imperial edict memorial is divided into imperial edict and memorial. Geographical points 10 genus, namely, Gongshu, Tongzhi, Dujun, rivers, frontier defense, mountains and rivers, historical sites, miscellaneous notes, travel notes and external notes; Officials are divided into two genera, namely, official system and official admonition; Political books are divided into six genera, namely, general system, ritual system, national planning, military and political affairs, regulations and examinations; The catalogue is divided into two categories: classic and epigraphy. Subdivision includes Confucianism, militarists, legalists, farmers, doctors, astronomical algorithms, arithmetic, art, music records, miscellaneous books, novelists, Buddhists, Taoists, etc. 14, among which astronomical algorithms are divided into Tubu and Shushu, and arithmetic is divided into mathematics, Zhanhou and Shushu. The catalogue is divided into three genera: utensils, recipes, plants, birds, animals, insects and fish; Miscellaneous categories are divided into six genera: miscellaneous science, miscellaneous examination, miscellaneous theory, miscellaneous articles, miscellaneous compilation and miscellaneous compilation; Novelists are divided into three categories: miscellaneous works, anecdotes and obscene language; This collection includes five categories: Chu Ci, Bie Ji, Zong Ji, Shi Ping and Ci Qu, among which Ci Qu is divided into five categories: Word Segmentation Collection, Ci Selection, Hua Ci, Ci Pu Yun and Nanbei Qu. In addition to Zhang Hui's novels and dramas, the above categories basically include all kinds of books popular in society. As far as the author is concerned, it includes the works of women, monks, Taoist priests, eunuchs, soldiers, emperors and foreigners.

Shortcomings of Sikuquanshu

First, attach importance to Confucian works and put them in a prominent position. Put Confucian classics at the head of the four books, and general Confucian works at the head of the sub-department.

Second, despise scientific and technological works. It is believed that modern western science and technology is the "best of heresy", and its academic dissemination can be banned. Except for a few scientific and technological works collected by farmers, doctors and astronomical algorithms, general scientific and technological works are not included.

Third, we don't accept drama works and chapter novels.

Fourth, the words in the book may be abridged or tampered with.

compilation process

1. procedure

The process of compiling Sikuquanshu is also a process of combining prohibition with expropriation, and also a process of building a literary inquisition in Daxing. According to statistics, in the process of book revision for more than 0 years, more than 3 kinds of books were banned, with more than 50,000 copies of/kloc-0. There are also many abridged or supplemented books in Sikuquanshu. In the process of compiling Sikuquanshu, the Summary of Sikuquanshu, General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu, Concise Catalogue of Sikuquanshu, Textual Research of Sikuquanshu and Wuyingdian Juyan Edition Series were also compiled. These books can be regarded as a by-product of compiling Sikuquanshu. Summary of Sikuquanshu is the essence of Sikuquanshu, with 473 kinds of books, 1993 1 volume. The size and binding form of folio are the same as those of Sikuquanshu. In the forty-three years of Qianlong (1778), * * * copied two books: one was placed in the algae hall of the imperial garden in the palace, and the other was placed in the Weifang Bookstore of Changchun Garden outside the east wall of Yuanmingyuan. The 200-volume catalogue of Sikuquanshu is the general catalogue of books collected and preserved by Sikuquanshu. There are "examples" in front of the table of contents, a general order in front of the four parts of the subset of classics and history, and a small order in front of the major categories. Under each book, there are textual research texts such as author introduction, content overview, version origin and so on. Because these textual research words were written by famous scholars such as Ji Yun, Dai Zhen, Shao, etc., they have important academic value. The Concise Catalogue of Sikuquanshu (20 volumes) is an abridged version of the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu. It does not list the catalogue books, but only the books included in Sikuquanshu, and the abstract of each book is relatively simple. A hundred volumes of Textual Research of Sikuquanshu is the official version of Sikuquanshu, and the records and compilation of collation sentences in each book should be engraved, which has high reference value for revising ancient books. The "Wuyingdian Juzhen Edition Series" is printed with wooden movable type. Including 138 kinds of books that should be engraved in Sikuquanshu. After printing four series, Jin Jian, the host, thought that wooden movable type cost less and had high practical value, so he changed it to printing and publishing. Jin Bamboo Slips wrote the printing technology of wooden movable type into a book "Collection of Wuying Palace", which was included in Sikuquanshu. It is an important document in the history of ancient printing, translated into German and English, and spread all over the world.

2. Reasons for the successful compilation of Sikuquanshu

First, a stable social environment. During the period of writing books, during the heyday of Kanggan, everything in the world was free from the interference of war. It was 10 years before the official of the fourth treasury took the case, so there was no worries. Second, the concern of the supreme ruler. From the brewing to the completion of Sikuquanshu, Ganlong Li Hong always participated in it and was carefully planned by him. From collecting books, selecting books, copying books and proofreading books, Gan Long Yiyi asked questions and sorted them out personally. Third, a strong source of funds. "Sikuquanshu" is voluminous, and the required funds are difficult to count, so the Qing court accepted it all. Fourth, a strict organizational system. The highest positions of Siku Quanshu Museum are president and vice president, mostly held by county kings, university students, six ministers and assistant ministers. They are responsible for all the affairs in the Prime Minister's Museum, with a compilation department, a book editorial department and a manufacturing supervision department. The editorial department is responsible for the proofreading and distribution of all books, and also serves as a branch of the book editorial department; Calligraphy department is responsible for the compilation and arrangement of the whole book; The supervision department is responsible for the printing, printing, binding and sorting of Wu Yingtang's books. There are a total of 360 treasury officers in Four Treasures of the Study, except those who have been dismissed, physically removed or transferred for some reason. Fifth, exceptional recruitment of talents. Siku Quanshu Library is a treasure house of talents, with a large number of outstanding talents, many of whom are hired by exceptions, such as Shao, Zhou Yongnian, Dai Zhen, etc. Before entering the library, they were not only not academicians, but also Dai Zhen and Yang Changlin were not even scholars, just juren. The gathering of talents has created more favorable conditions for compiling Sikuquanshu.