The newly edited Four Words Opposite is the earliest illustrated book of Mongolian studies published five years ago in China (that is, reading pictures now). It's easy to learn by pressing one or two Chinese characters on the left. But also has certain reference value to the modern research of ancient food, clothing, housing and transportation. The book has eight pages (16 single page), 388 words and 308 pictures; It is now in the library of Columbia University, USA, and published after 1506.
From Heaven, Clouds, Thunder and Rain to Dung Dou and Cuo Cuo, there are 388 words, including 224 monosyllabic words and 82 disyllabic words, all of which are based on famous things in nature and daily life, with 306 pictures, and belong to a kind of "miscellaneous words" literacy reader in the early Ming Dynasty.
The artistic value and positive significance of the new edition of Four Words for Seeking;
The paintings in the book are concise and to the point, and the printmaking printing method is adopted, which fully proves that relatively advanced printmaking technology appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. This book is defined as a popular literacy book for rural or grass-roots people, which is of positive significance to improving literacy rate.
In ancient China, people who took the imperial examinations with reading as the ultimate goal generally began to learn from the books that were most valued by rulers and scholars in previous dynasties, such as Three Amethyst, Disciples' Rules, Hundred Family Names, Qian Wen Zi and Poems of a Thousand Families. After mastering these books, I began to read four books, five classics or thirteen classics, and finally took the imperial examination.
However, for people who only aim at literacy, there is another kind of Mongolian reader called Zazi, which is parallel to and complements the Three Thousand. The Mongolian book Zayan rarely chooses classic sentences and traditional allusions, but more chooses common sayings, which are aimed at farmers' children and citizens' descendants. Literacy is mainly for daily use, not for scientific research. Therefore, it lacks the flavor of Confucianism and Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, but it contains distinct life colors and characteristics of the times, among which the representative is New Four Words Hall.
The predecessor of the new four words in reverse;
Around the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the earliest illustrated literacy textbook appeared in the world. "Pile branches" is one of them. After additions, deletions and corrections in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, Killer was included in the Bibliography of Wenyuan Pavilion compiled by Yang Shiqi in Ming Dynasty (144 1). After improvement, addition, deletion and modification, four new inverted words have been formed.
The linguist Zhang Zhigong also paid attention to this book half a century ago. In his article "On the Context of the New Edition of Four Characters", he wrote that as early as1960s, in order to investigate the situation of traditional education in China, Zhang Zhigong did a lot of work, collecting and searching ancient books on Mongolian studies. He heard that Duizhouzi had several editions in the Ming Dynasty, and learned that "The Columbia University Library in the United States has a new edition of Du Xiang Siyan, which is said to be a publication of 1436 (the first year of Ming Yingzong orthodoxy). These two clues only know the scales and claws from the records, but they don't know the whole leopard. " 1965, Zhang Zhigong bought a lithograph New Edition in a second-hand bookstore. "This is not an original publication, but a copy of a lithograph. The paper is new, the stone engraving time is relatively short, and the version is not cherished. " (Cultural RelicsNo. 1977No. 1 1) Zhang Zhigong has never seen the original appearance of the newly edited Four Characters of Opposite Phase, but with such a copy of lithograph, he has carefully combed the version form, vocabulary and pictures of famous objects, and researched its approximate generation time, the development and evolution of Mongolian books. Zhang Zhigong and Lv Shuxiang have jointly compiled 1954 Chinese textbooks. Later, he became the director of the first Chinese editing room established by People's Education Publishing House.
The rest of the new four words are on the reverse side:
Postscript character introduction:
Zhu Chunnian was born in Daxing, Hebei. Jinshi in the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. I have a good reputation as a calligrapher. I occasionally write landscapes and write ancient books. After the Republic of China, he served as director of the Education Department of Hebei Province.