In the year of 20 15, there were 57,000 ordinary high schools in Beijing, including 0/69,000 students and 58,000 graduates. Ordinary junior high schools enrolled 89,000 students, 283,000 students and 93,000 graduates; Ordinary primary school enrollment1460,000, students 850,000, graduates1040,000; There are1490,000 kindergarten children and 394,000 kindergarten children. All kinds of secondary vocational education (including technical schools) enrolled 4 1 10,000 students, 0/34,000 students and 55,000 graduates. There are 930 students in special education, including 7 136 students and 0/786 graduates.
In 20 15 years, there were 15 private universities in Beijing with 67,000 students. 93 private ordinary middle schools with 37,000 students; 60 private primary schools with 67,000 students; There are 574 private kindergartens with 6.5438+0.4 million children. Beijing is also one of the most developed areas in China. By the end of 20 12, there were 9 1 ordinary institutions of higher learning in Beijing, including Tsinghua University, Peking University, China Renmin University, Beijing Normal University and other most famous institutions in China. The number of students in this college reached 577,000 in the whole year.
There are 52 institutions of higher learning in Beijing, and there are 1 17 scientific research institutions with 209,000 graduate students. Beijing has the third largest library in the world and the largest in Asia: the National Library of China, formerly known as Beijing Library, which was founded in 1909 Shi Jing Library. Peking University Library and National Science Library of China Academy of Sciences are also among the largest libraries in Asia.
Beijing is the center of national universities, with the largest number of national key universities. List of undergraduate colleges and universities within the administrative area of Beijing Name of the competent department of the school Attribute of the Ministry of Education of Peking University Vice-ministerial University
Universities managed by the central government
Project 985
2 1 1 project
20 1 1 plan
1 1 1 Plan Tsinghua University China Renmin University, Beijing Normal University, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China Agricultural University, Beijing Institute of Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Minzu University of China, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and universities directly under the central government.
Project 985
2 1 1 project
1 1 1 Plan China University of Political Science and Law, a university directly under the Central Ministry of Education.
2 1 1 project
985 platform
20 1 1 plan
1 1 1 Plan Beijing Jiaotong University, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Central University of Finance and Economics and universities directly under the central government.
2 1 1 project
985 platform
Universities established by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance and Beijing China Youshi University (Beijing) are directly under the central government.
2 1 1 project
985 platform
1 1 1 Plan China Geo University (Beijing), China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), China Communication University, North China Electric Power University, beijing university of chemical technology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing Foreign Studies University and universities directly under the central government.
2 1 1 project
University of international business and economics Central Government 985 Platform Universities
2 1 1 project
The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Commerce * * * build universities directly under the central government of Beijing Forestry University.
2 1 1 project
1 1 1 Plan Beijing Sport University, State Sports General Administration, Central Conservatory of Music and universities directly under the Central Ministry of Education.
2 1 1 Project Beijing Municipal Education Commission of Beijing University of Technology 2 1 1 Project
11/Plan Beijing Institute of Electronic Technology * * School of Foreign Affairs directly under the Central Office of the Central Committee Ministry of Foreign Affairs Chinese People's Public Security University School of International Relations of the Ministry of Public Security Central Academy of Fine Arts of the Ministry of Education beijing language and culture university All-China Labor Relations College All-China Federation of Trade Unions All-China Women's Federation Chinese Academy of Sciences University of China Academy of Sciences China Youth Politics College directly under the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League * * *.
* * * The Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, the Ministry of Education * * * build a university Capital Normal University Beijing Municipal People's Government, the Ministry of Education * * build a university Beijing Film Academy, the Ministry of Education, the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television * * * build a university China Conservatory of Music, the Ministry of Culture * * * build a university China Theatre Academy Beijing Printing College, and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television * * * north china university of technology are under construction. Capital Medical University, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing Union University, capital university of economics and business, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing Dance Academy, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing Agricultural College, Capital Institute of Physical Education, Shougang Institute of Technology, beijing police college, beijing city university, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, private universities, Beijing geely university, independent colleges and Capital Normal University. Dehua College, Beijing Technology and Business University, Century College, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Geng Dan College, Beijing University of Technology and Zhong Rui Hotel Management College of Beijing Foreign Studies University. Beijing is the largest scientific and technological research base in China, with scientific research institutions such as China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering. Beijing Zhongguancun Science Park, known as the Silicon Valley in China, accounts for one third of the national awards every year. From 65438 to 0998, Beijing High-tech Industry International Week, a large-scale international event with the theme of high-tech industry, was successfully held every year.
20 15 Beijing r&d experiment development (r&; D) Expenditure136.75 billion yuan, an increase of 7.8% over 2065.438+04, and its proportion in the regional GDP increased from 5.82% in 2065.438+00 to 5.95% in 2065.438+05. City-wide research and experimental development (R&; D) There were 355,000 activists, an increase of 3.4% over the previous year. The number of patent applications and authorizations were 1563 12 and 9403 1 respectively, up by 13.2% and 25.9% year-on-year, of which the number of invention patent applications and authorizations were 88,930 and 35,308 respectively, up by13.8. In 2001, 72,272 technical contracts were signed, an increase of 7.4%; The total turnover of technology contracts was 345.26 billion yuan, up by 10 1%. Beijing was once the capital of six dynasties in history. During the two thousand years since the Yan State, many palace buildings have been built, making Beijing the city with the largest number of royal palaces, gardens, temples and mausoleums in China.
Royal architecture
The Forbidden City in Beijing, called Oi Miyagi in the Ming Dynasty and Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty, was originally a palace in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, inhabited by 24 emperors. The magnificent building perfectly embodies the traditional classical style and oriental style of China. It is the largest existing palace in China and even the whole world, and it is a precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The Temple of Heaven is famous at home and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite architecture. It was a place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties "sacrificed to heaven".
Siheyuan and Hutong
Main entrance: Beijing quadrangle
Siheyuan is the floorboard of traditional houses in the north, with the main room, inverted room and east-west wing surrounding the Intermediate People's Court to form a plane layout. The quadrangle in Beijing originated from the quadrangle in Yuan Dynasty, which is the most important residential building in old Beijing.
temple
The existing famous Buddhist temples in Beijing include Fayuan Temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju Temple and Badachu. Taoist Baiyun temple, etc. Islam, niujie Worship Temple, etc. The Lama Temple of Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), the Catholic Church of Forty Stores, the Catholic Church of Wangfujing, etc. Christian Gangwa Church, Chongwenmen Church, etc.
Central axis
Main entrance: Beijing central axis
Beijing's central axis refers to the central axis of Beijing in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and Beijing's urban planning has the characteristics of symmetry with Miyagi as the center. The central axis of Beijing starts from Yongdingmen in the south and ends at the Bell and Drum Tower in the north, with a length of about 7.8 kilometers. From south to north: Yongdingmen, Qianmen Arrow Tower, Zhengyangmen, Zhonghua Gate, Tiananmen Gate, Duanmen, Wumen Gate, Forbidden City, Shenwumen, Jingshan, Di 'anmen, Houmenqiao, Drum Tower and Bell Tower. From Yongdingmen, the southern end of this central axis, there are the Temple of Heaven and the Xiannongtan. Ancestral temples and social altars; Donghuamen and Xihuamen; Andingmen and Deshengmen are symmetrically distributed with the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous architect in China, once said: "The unique grand order of Beijing is produced by the establishment of this central axis." Yongdingmen Gate, Zhonghua Gate and Di 'anmen Gate were all demolished after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and then the Yongdingmen Gate Tower was rebuilt.
City walls and moats
Key terms: Beijing Municipality
Beijing City is the general name of the capital defense buildings in the late Ming and Qing Dynasties in the history of China. It consists of Miyagi, Imperial City, Inner City and Outer City, including city walls, gates, urns, watchtowers, enemy platforms, moats and many other facilities. It was once the most complete ancient city defense system in China. Beijing city gate is the general name of Beijing city gate in Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the different grades and building specifications, it is divided into four categories: Gongchengmen, Huangchengmen, Inner Chengmen and Outer Chengmen. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were four palaces in Beijing. Beijing is the eighth largest "food city" in the world, ranking first in the mainland. Beijing's flavor snacks have a long history, a wide variety, exquisite materials and fine production, and are famous far and near. "Du Men Zhu Zhi Ci" in the Qing Dynasty said: "The three big money sell flowers, cut cakes, and have a bowl of sweet porridge in the morning before eating tea and noodles; Sweet-eared frozen fruit fried cake, baked sesame seed cake hanging on the stove loves to nest, and the fork that has just been fired is called Bobo. Steamed dumplings are all vegetables, and new dumplings have been added. " These snacks are sold at temple fairs or markets along the street, and people will accidentally come across them. Old Beijing vividly called them "eating". The representatives of Beijing-style snacks include bean juice, bean-flavored noodles, sour plum soup, tea soup, steamed stuffed bun, tuckahoe cake, preserved fruit, candied haws, Aiwowo, pea yellow, snowballing, enema, fried belly, fried liver and so on.
Beijing opera
Main entrance: Beijing Opera.
Peking Opera is the quintessence of China. The origin of Beijing Opera can be traced back to several ancient local dramas. 1790, the four major local operas in Anhui-Sanqing Class, Sixi Class, Chungong Class and Hechun Class-performed in Beijing. Huiban often cooperates with artists in Hubei, so a new kind of drama was born, which is based on the Hui tune "Huang Er" and the Han tune "Xipi" and combines the essence of local dramas such as Kunqu Opera, Shaanxi Opera and Bangzi. This is Beijing Opera. Beijing has hosted the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 7th National Games, 1990 Beijing Asian Games, 2nd1World Universiade, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and 2008 Beijing Paralympic Games. Beijing won the right to host the 24th Winter Olympic Games in 2022. In 2009, there were 6 149 stadiums in Beijing.
Main venues: National Stadium (Bird's Nest), National Aquatics Center (Water Cube), Workers Stadium, Wukesong Gymnasium, National Tennis Center, Beijing Olympic Water Park, Capital Gymnasium, Peking University Gymnasium, Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium, Beijing Shooting Range, Fengtai Softball Field and Yuetan Gymnasium.
At the end of 20 15, there were 20075 stadiums. Excellent athletes in the city 1074. Won 38 medals in international competitions, including gold 18 and silver 12. Won 132 medals in the national competition, including 45 gold medals and 48 silver medals. In 20 15 years, the number of people who participated in basic old-age pension, basic medical care, unemployment, work injury and maternity insurance for urban workers in Beijing was142.43 million,147.57 million,108.23 million and1020/kloc-respectively. Compared with 20 10, it increased by 4410.8 million, 410.2 million, 30810.0 million, 654,380+0.963 million and 5.695 million respectively. At the end of the year, the number of people who participated in the old-age insurance for urban and rural residents was 1.876 million, including rural residents 1.74 million, an increase of1.40 million over the end of the previous year. At the end of 20 15, the number of participants in the new rural cooperative medical system reached 2.239 million, with a participation rate of 99.3%. There are 85,000 urban residents and 49,000 rural residents in the city.
There are 2 1 1 public pension institutions in Beijing, accounting for 50.8% of the total number of pension institutions in the city; The total number of beds is 35,276, accounting for 32.4% of the total number of old-age beds in the city. Most public nursing homes with better nursing conditions, such as Beijing No.1 Social Welfare Institute and Sijiqing Nursing Home, are in a state of "one bed is hard to find". After the implementation of this policy, public nursing homes will give full play to the role of "covering the bottom" to ensure that the elderly and disabled people are taken care of. "
In Beijing, during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, "public nursing homes implement government pricing or guidance prices; When public private nursing homes and public private nursing homes receive "three noes", "five guarantees" and specific elderly groups such as low income, loss of independence and special care, the government and operators will agree on the pricing, and the difference between the market price and the government's purchase of services or appropriate financial subsidies. "