I will carefully interpret the new code for fire protection in architectural design. Welcome to reading. I hope it helps you ~

Important changes in the new edition of Code and Specification for Fire Protection in Building Design (GB 500 16)? Compared with the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings (GB 50045-95, 2005 edition), the main changes in this code are as follows:

1. Merged the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings, adjusted the inconsistent requirements between the two standards, and unified the classification of residential buildings by building height;

2. Two chapters of fire-fighting and rescue facilities and wooden structure buildings were added, which improved the fire-fighting and rescue requirements and systematically standardized the fire-fighting requirements of wooden structure buildings;

3. Supplemented the fire protection requirements of the external thermal insulation system of the building;

4. Set up fire-fighting facilities independently and improve relevant contents; Cancel the design requirements of fire water supply system and smoke control system, which are stipulated by the corresponding national standards respectively;

5. Appropriately improve the fire protection technical requirements of high-rise residential buildings and high-rise civil buildings with building height greater than 100m;

6. Supplemented the fire prevention requirements when using covered pedestrian street for safe evacuation; Adjust and supplement the designer density of building materials, furniture, lighting shops and exhibition halls;

7. The fire protection requirements of underground warehouses, logistics buildings, large flammable gas storage tanks (areas), liquid ammonia storage tanks and liquefied natural gas storage tanks were supplemented, and the fire protection spacing of liquid oxygen storage tanks was adjusted;

8. Relevant requirements for preventing the vertical or horizontal spread of building fires have been improved.

Interpretation by relevant experts

1. On the merger of "building rules" and "high rules"

Some provisions in the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (hereinafter referred to as "Building Code") and the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings (hereinafter referred to as "High Code") are inconsistent, and some are reasonable because the Code emphasizes? External rescue? , "high regulation" emphasizes? Save yourself? . For example, the volume of the roof fire water tank and the height of the water tank emphasize that the water tank stores 10 minutes of fire water; "High specification" is to determine the volume of water tank according to the nature and standard of the building. According to the Building Regulations, the water tank is located at the highest position of the building; "High specification" emphasizes the hydrostatic pressure of the most unfavorable hydrant. The setting of fire pump adapter is emphasized in the building code. However, the "High Code" does not emphasize that fire pump adapters should be installed on floors that exceed the water supply capacity of fire engines. The setting of fire pump is emphasized in the high specification. The building code does not stipulate that multi-storey buildings must be equipped with fire pumps. The setting of fire standby pump is emphasized in "High Code"; "Building Regulations" allows buildings with less fire water consumption not to have fire standby pumps.

However, some provisions of the two codes should be consistent but inconsistent, such as whether the fire hydrants in the front room of the fire elevator are included in the total number of fire hydrants on the same floor. The provisions of the Building Regulations say it is not included. When Gao Gui was revised in 1990s, the original Gao Gui was changed. Not included in the total number of fire hydrants on the same floor? This sentence has been crossed out, but it is not clear whether it is included in the provisions and descriptions. At that time, it was considered that the engineer could decide whether the fire hydrant in the front room of the fire elevator was dedicated or used concurrently. If it is determined to be dedicated or dual-purpose, corresponding technical measures should be taken. After the merger of "building code" and "high code", the problem that the provisions of the two codes should be consistent but inconsistent was fundamentally solved.

The Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings were merged into a new Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GB 500 16-20 14). Editor-in-Chief of New Building Regulations: tianjin fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security and Sichuan Fire Protection Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security. Interpreter: The Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security organized Tianjin and Sichuan Fire Research Institutes to be responsible for the interpretation of specific technical contents.

2, the new "building rules" provisions for example

1) An example of a revised clause in the preamble 1)

Example of terms 1:

1.0.2 This specification is applicable to the following new, expanded and rebuilt buildings:

1 workshop;

2 warehouse;

3 civil buildings;

4. Class A, B and C liquid storage tanks (areas);

5 combustible and combustion-supporting gas storage tanks (zones);

6 combustible materials storage site;

7 urban traffic tunnels.

Article 1' 1.0.2? Civil architecture? This term includes: four types of buildings included in the original Building Regulations 1.0.2:

1, residential buildings with 9 floors and below ();

2. Public buildings with a building height of less than or equal to 24 meters;

3. Single-storey public buildings with a building height greater than 24 meters;

4. Underground and semi-underground buildings ();

It also includes two types of buildings included in the original "Gao Gui" 1.0.3:

1, 10 and above residential buildings ();

2. Public buildings with a building height of more than 24m.

Clause example 2:

2. 1. 1 High-rise buildings: residential buildings with a building height of more than 27m and other non-single-storey buildings with a building height of more than 24m.

? A high-rise building? The definition of this term clearly stipulates that residential buildings are divided into multi-storey buildings or high-rise buildings according to the building height rather than the number of floors. The reason is that the building height is more accurate, but the number of floors will be quite different. At the same time, it also shows that the requirements for residential buildings are wider than those for public buildings (27m for residential buildings and 24m for other buildings). Other buildings in the definition include both industrial buildings and civil buildings.

In order to explain that it is more accurate to press the building height than the number of floors, the following examples are given: a project has 9 floors without overhead floors, each with a height of 2.8m, and the total building height is 2.8m? 9 = 25.2m Another project is the overhead floor with a height of 2.1m; 9 floors, each with a height of 3.0m, and the top floor is a thermocline, with a total building height of 2. 1m+3.0m? 9+3.0m = 32.1m. The floors of the two projects are the same, both of which are 9 floors, but the difference in building height is 32.1m-25.2m = 6.9m. ..

Example 3:

1.0.6 For buildings with a building height greater than 250m, in addition to meeting the requirements of this code, stricter fire prevention measures should be taken in combination with the actual situation, and its fire prevention design should be reported to the national fire department for special research and demonstration.

Article 1.0.6 in the third example comes from the original high gauge. When the 95th edition of "Gao Gui" was compiled from 1990 to 1993, it broke through the building height limit of 100m in "Gao Gui" and set the upper limit of building height of 250m, which was considered at that time.

1, number of fires. The number of fires in high-rise buildings is generally one. When the building height is high and its area and number of people reach twice the fire standard in the building code, the number of fires should not be calculated again.

2. Speed of fire elevator. The speed of the fire elevator should be from bottom to top within 1 minute. At that time, the speed of the fire elevator was 2.5m/s, and a 250m high-rise building needed 100s, that is, 1.67min, which was slightly lower than the standard requirement, but not more than 2min.

3. Power supply guarantee. There are clear power supply regulations for Class I buildings and Class II buildings respectively. The higher the building height, the higher the requirement for power supply security, which was difficult to achieve in China at that time.

4. Engineering case. At that time, the height of built and planned buildings in China was generally below 250m m. High-rise buildings with a building height of more than 250m are called out-of-code buildings (referring to high-rise buildings exceeding the upper limit) and super-high-rise buildings (referring to high-rise buildings exceeding the super-high-rise buildings). There is no unified statement in China, so I prefer to call them out-of-code buildings. It is generally believed that buildings with a building height exceeding 100m are also called super high-rise buildings. Those that reach 152m are called skyscrapers. How to name a high-rise building with a building height of 250 m ~ 1000 m is also a problem.

Example 4:

2. 1.4 commercial service outlets. It is defined as: small commercial houses such as shops, post offices, savings offices, barbershops, etc., which are located on the first floor or the first and second floors of residential buildings, separated from each other by fire partitions with a fire resistance limit of not less than 2.00h, and have no doors, windows and holes, and the construction area of each separated unit is not more than 300m2.

Article 2. 1.4 of Example 4 stipulates whether the building area is not more than 300m2, whether it is the total area or the divided unit area. Avoid ambiguity.

2) Preface 2) Examples of articles with modified contents

Example 5:

7.3.3 Passenger elevators or freight elevators that meet the requirements of fire elevators can also be used as fire elevators.

Article 7.3.3 of Example 5 means that there may not be one fire elevator in the future, but there may be multiple fire elevators. This involves the drainage problem at the bottom of the elevator. When the passenger elevator or cargo elevator that meets the requirements of the fire elevator is also used as the fire elevator, it should also be drained according to the requirements of the fire elevator. It also involves the special problems of the fire elevator and the drainage pump of the passenger elevator or cargo elevator that doubles as the fire elevator.

Example 6:

7.4.2 The helipad shall meet the following requirements:

4. Fire hydrants should be set in proper positions on the apron; .

Article 7.4.2 of Example 6 is more detailed than the previous specifications. The proper position referred to in this paper refers to the position that does not affect the helicopter's lift and is conducive to the fire hydrant's anti-freezing and fire extinguishing.

Example 7:

Chapter 8 has been added to the new building regulations. Chapter 8 has five sections, the names of which are as follows:

8 setting of fire control facilities

8. 1 general provisions (this section is equivalent to section 8.2 of the current building code? Outdoor fire water consumption, fire water supply pipes and fire hydrants? )

8.2 Indoor fire hydrant system (this section is equivalent to section 8.3 of the current building code? Where is the indoor fire hydrant? )

8.3 automatic fire extinguishing system (this section is equivalent to the current building code section 8.5? Where is the automatic fire extinguishing system installed? )

8.4 Automatic fire alarm system

8.5 Smoke prevention and exhaust facilities

Example 8:

8. 1.2 Outdoor fire hydrant systems should be set around civil buildings, workshops, warehouses, storage tanks (areas) and storage yards.

Outdoor fire hydrant system should be set on the roof for fire rescue and fire truck parking.

The fire resistance rating is not less than Grade II, and the building volume is not more than 3000m3. Outdoor fire hydrant system is not required for residential areas with no more than 500 people and no more than two floors.

Article 8. 1.2 of Example 8 stipulates the conditions for installing or not installing the outdoor fire hydrant system, which is the most basic and main fire extinguishing facility and should be installed on the outdoor ground and the roof of the fire truck. Places with no low fire resistance rating, small building volume, low production fire risk, few personnel and low building floors shall not be set up. The first and third paragraphs of the Regulations follow the existing provisions, and the second paragraph is a new provision. Some buildings can set fire engines on the roof of the podium, which is beneficial to the fire protection of some high-rise buildings above the podium.

Outdoor fire hydrants are used for:

Pressurized by a fire truck, it can be directly used for fire extinguishing in the lower floors of buildings (not limited to the building height of 24m).

Spray water on adjacent buildings to cool down and prevent the fire from spreading.

Water is delivered to the water pump adapter through the water pump adapter.

Supply water to the upper floor of the building.

The fire hydrant system involved in the Regulations not only refers to a single fire hydrant, but also includes outdoor fire hydrants, pipes, valves and water supply facilities.

Example 9:

8. 1.7 When the external wall of the building is provided with a glass curtain wall or building materials that may fall off in case of fire, outdoor fire-fighting facilities such as water pump adapters and fire hydrants for fire fighting and rescue should be set at a relatively safe position at a certain distance from the external wall of the building or safety protection measures should be taken.

Article 8. 1.7 of Example 9 is different from the current code, and it is considered that the distance between outdoor fire-fighting facilities such as water pump adapters and fire hydrants and the external wall of buildings is generally 5m. Considering that falling objects from the upper part of the building will not cause personal injury and firefighters casualties. Now consider the factors such as the outward inclination of the wall of the building. A certain distance from the external wall of the building? The specific quantity is difficult to specify, so it is changed to a relatively safe position at a certain distance from the external wall of the building or safety protection measures are taken. Safety protection measures include building a sunshade and other measures. The purpose of specifying a relatively safe location is to prevent falling objects (including glass, billboards, neon lights, curtain walls and wall decoration materials? Wait).

Example 10:

8.3.8 The following places shall be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system and water spray fire extinguishing system:

1 the single machine capacity is 40MV? Oil-immersed power transformers in factories and mines of Class A and above, with a single capacity of 90MV? Oil-immersed power transformer of power plant with capacity of 125MV? Oil-immersed power transformers for A and above independent substations;

2. The test site of the aircraft engine test bench;

3. High-voltage capacitors and multi-oil switch rooms that can be filled with fuel are installed in high-rise civil buildings.

Note: Water mist fire extinguishing system can be used for oil-immersed transformers, high-voltage capacitors filled with fuel oil and multi-oil switch rooms.

Example 10 The difference in Article 8.3.8 is that a note is added, that is, the provisions that can be used for water mist fire extinguishing system. This is the first time that water mist fire extinguishing system has been included in building codes and general standards. It not only indicates that the water mist fire extinguishing system has been recognized, but also indicates that the future of the water mist fire extinguishing system is bumpy. Because there is no separate clause, it is just a note. But in retrospect, being on the list is better than not being on the list. In any case, this is the first time that water mist has been included in the building code, and it is also the first time that water mist has been affirmed in the general fire protection code. Water mist fire extinguishing system has more outstanding advantages than water spray fire extinguishing system, but the scope of application of this provision is narrow.

Example 1 1:

8.3. 1 1 For restaurants or canteens with a building area of more than 1000m2, automatic fire extinguishing devices shall be installed in the cooking hood and cooking parts in the cooking operation room, and automatic cut-off devices linked with automatic fire extinguishing devices shall be installed on gas or fuel pipelines.

Automatic fire extinguishing devices should be installed in food processing places where there is open flame operation or high-temperature edible oil.

Article 8.3 of Article 11.11stipulates the fire prevention of restaurants or canteens. Originally stipulated the kitchen building area, now stipulated the canteen building area, which is more convenient to operate. At present, the cooking equipment in the kitchen is an efficient cooking equipment with high energy input; Edible oil has a high spontaneous combustion temperature. The characteristics of kitchen fire are: frequent fire, high oil temperature, difficult to put out, easy to rekindle, so it is necessary to strengthen fire fighting. The fire extinguishing devices are automatic fire extinguishing devices, including water mist fire extinguishing devices or foam fire extinguishing devices, all of which are bottle-assembled.

3. Examples of provisions in Preamble Revision 4)

Example 12:

Cancel Chapter 9 Design of Fire Water Supply System

The joint names of Chapters 9 and 9 are as follows:

9 fire water supply system design

9. 1 General provisions

9.2 Outdoor fire water consumption, fire water supply pipes and fire hydrants

9.3 Indoor fire water consumption and fire water supply pipes, fire hydrants and fire water tanks

9.4 fire pool and fire pump

If Chapter 9 of Example 12 is revoked, the relevant contents shall be stipulated by the corresponding national standards respectively. The corresponding national standards are related special standards such as "Elimination Standard" and "Spraying Standard".

4. Examples of provisions in Preamble Revision 6)

Example 13:

5.3.6 When restaurants, shops and other commercial facilities are connected through a covered pedestrian street, and buildings on both sides of the pedestrian street are evacuated through the pedestrian street, the following requirements shall be met:

Seven DN65 fire hydrants are set outside the shops on both sides of the pedestrian street every 50m, and equipped with fire hose reels. Shops on both sides of the pedestrian street should be equipped with automatic sprinkler system and automatic fire alarm system, and each corridor should be equipped with automatic sprinkler system; .

Example 13 Article 5.3.6 supplements the fire prevention requirements for the safe evacuation of covered pedestrian streets.

3. Pay attention to the contents of other chapters in the new building regulations.

Example 14:

3.3.3 When the automatic fire extinguishing system is installed in the factory building, the maximum allowable building area of each fire partition can be increased by 1 times according to Article 3.3. 1 of this specification. When the automatic fire extinguishing system is installed in the above-ground workshop of Class D and E, the maximum allowable building area of each fire zone is not limited. When the automatic fire extinguishing system is installed locally in the factory building, the increased area of the fire partition can be calculated by halving the construction area of the part where the automatic fire extinguishing system is installed.

Article 3.3.3 of article 14 stipulates that the area of fire protection zone can be expanded by installing automatic sprinkler system. In other words, the automatic sprinkler system can be used for two purposes: one is fire prevention, fire extinguishing and fire control; First, in order to expand the fire partition area or increase the evacuation distance and other architectural professional requirements.

Example 15:

5.4.8 Crowded places such as audience hall, conference hall and multi-function hall in high-rise buildings should be arranged on the first, second or third floor. When it must be arranged on other floors, unless otherwise specified in this specification, it shall meet the following requirements:

1;

2 automatic fire extinguishing systems such as automatic fire alarm system and automatic sprinkler system should be set up;

Article 5.4.8 of Example 15 stipulates that when crowded places such as audience hall, conference hall and multi-function hall in high-rise buildings are arranged on other floors, automatic fire extinguishing systems such as automatic sprinkler systems should be set up. Because these places are crowded with people, it is easy to have fires and accidents of group injuries and group deaths, so effective measures should be taken.

Example 16:

5.4. 12 oil-fired or gas-fired boilers, oil-immersed transformers, high-voltage capacitors filled with combustible oil, multi-oil switches, etc. Should be set up in a special room outside the building; ：

9 when other parts of the building are equipped with automatic sprinkler system, automatic sprinkler system should be set up; .

Example 16 Article 5.4. 12 stipulates oil-fired or gas-fired boilers, oil-immersed transformers, oil-filled high-voltage capacitors and multi-oil switches. When the automatic sprinkler system is installed in other parts of the building, the automatic sprinkler system should be installed.

Example 17:

5.4. 13 The diesel generator room arranged in civil buildings shall meet the following requirements:

When the automatic sprinkler system is installed in other parts of the building, the automatic sprinkler system should be installed.

The provisions of article 5.4. 13 of article 17 are the same as those of article 16.

Example 18:

5.5.23 Public buildings with a building height greater than 100m shall be provided with refuge floors (rooms) ... The refuge floors (rooms) shall meet the following requirements:

6 Fire hydrants and fire hose reels shall be provided; .

Example 18 article 5.5.23 thinks that the refuge floor (room) should ensure the safety of these places, so there should be fire extinguishing facilities, including fire hydrants and fire hose reels.

4. About sprayer and three synchronizations of sprayer

Spraying rules and spraying rules should also be merged, and the measures taken before the merger are three synchronizations. Three synchronizations refer to the simultaneous revision, review and approval of these two specifications, so as to solve the problem that individual clauses of these two specifications are inconsistent before formal merger. For example, the pressure gauge setting position of the terminal water testing equipment. The spray chart shows that the pressure gauge is set below the last ball valve; The injection chart sets the pressure gauge above the last ball valve. On-site inspection showed that two pressure gauges were installed, the lower one met the requirements of spraying regulations, and the upper one met the requirements of spraying regulations. In fact, there is an extra pressure gauge. Another example is: water filling time of dry system and pre-action system. Spray table stipulates that the water filling time of dry system is one minute, and that of pre-action system is two minutes. The regulations on spraying are different.

From the point of view of fire extinguishing system, we put forward an idea when revising "High Code" from 1990 to 1993: the era we are in is the transition period from hydrant system to automatic sprinkler system. First of all, the sprinkler system is installed in all directions in the high-rise building and its podium with the building height exceeding1000 mm. At the same time, through each revision of the fire code, the sprinkler position is expanded and the setting standard is improved.

Example: In 2002, there were three special reports on automatic sprinkler system at the review meeting of the draft building code.

For example, according to the "High Code", a class of high-rise public buildings with a building height not exceeding 100m and their podium buildings are also required to be equipped with an omni-directional automatic sprinkler system.

For example, the "Construction Regulations" stipulates that a library with 6,543,800+books needs a sprinkler system to upgrade to a library with 500,000 books.

In accordance with the concept of global village and the spirit of deepening reform and opening up, it is in line with international standards and advanced technology in developed countries. The main measure to popularize the fire extinguishing technology of automatic sprinkler system in China is to conform to American specifications. For example, the design parameters, such as the classification of fire risk level in the setting place, the selection of system, the intensity and action area of water spray, the type of special sprinkler, the distance between sprinkler and obstacle, the number of standard sprinklers controlled by water distribution pipeline, and the hydraulic calculation method, all come from American specifications.

News? Mainly spray system? And then what? Connect with developed countries? These two concepts are embodied in the spray gauge, that is, every time the spray gauge is revised, some new nozzles are introduced. At present, the special nozzles introduced in the spray gauge are:

Rapid reaction nozzle;

Side wall type extended cover nozzle;

Early suppression rapid reaction (ESFR) nozzle.

The special nozzles introduced in the new round of spray gauge are:

Sprinklers in non-warehouse high clearance places;

Household sprinkler;

Special application fire-fighting (CMSA) nozzle.

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