One person: Gu Jiegang's life and chronology.

2. Works:

1. Summary of Gu Jiegang's academic year

2. Reading and introduction of works

Discrimination of ancient history

Huang San exam

The alchemists and Confucian scholars in Qin and Han Dynasties

History of China's frontier development

Wu ge Jia Ji

A brief academic history of Han dynasty

Shang Shu Tong Jian

Stone forest miscellanies

Walking on the Road of History —— Gu Jiegang's Self-report

An introduction to the history of China-Gu Jiegang's Notes on China.

Gu Jiegang's Essay on Academic Culture

Related periodicals

Gong Yu

Three studies: 1. Gu jiegang's bibliography.

2. Promotion of new books

A series of discussions on the theoretical evaluation of ancient history discrimination

A Review of Gu Jiegang's Academic Thought

On Mr. Gu Jiegang's Academics

My father Gu Jiegang.

Biography of Gu Jiegang

3. Index of Gu Jiegang's Important Research Papers

4. Relevant scholars

Yang Xiangkui, Shuye Tong

Research scholar

Yang Kuan, Liu Qi, Gu Hao

Gu Chao Gu liuhong Lina

Tan Qixiang

4. Others:

Memories and memorials

Related links:

Gong Yu and Gong Yu Institution

(http://www。 )

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Biography of Gu Jiegang

Gu Jiegang (1892— 1980) was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu. Modern historian, the main representative of the "ancient history discrimination" school.

Gu Jiegang 19 13 was admitted to Peking University Preparatory College, and 1920 graduated from Peking University, majoring in philosophy. Later, he taught in Peking University, Xiamen University, Sun Yat-sen University, yenching university, Yunnan University, cheeloo university, Central University, Fudan University and School of Social Education of Lanzhou University. , and served as director of the History Group of Peking Research Institute and editor-in-chief of the Institute of Language History of Sun Yat-sen University, Yanjing Journal, Gong Yu Bimonthly, Frontier Weekly, Dutch Sinology Quarterly, Literature and History, etc. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as a researcher at the Institute of History of China Academy of Sciences, vice chairman of the China Folk Literature and Art Research Association, member of the second and third sessions of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and representative of the fourth and fifth sessions of the National People's Congress.

Influenced by Hu Shi's idea of "sorting out the national heritage" advocated in the New Culture Movement, Gu Jiegang began to study and appraise China's history and ancient literature in the 1920s. It is advocated that the concept of historical evolution and the spirit of doubting the past should be used to study China's ancient history and classics by absorbing modern western sociology and archaeology. He and Qian initiated and presided over a big discussion on the discrimination of ancient history, and included the research results at that time in eight volumes of Discrimination of Ancient History, forming the school of discrimination of ancient history. Gu Jiegang put forward the viewpoint that "the ancient history of China is caused by accumulation". He believes that the longer the legendary ancient history period, the oldest ones in the Zhou Dynasty are Confucius' Yu, Yao and Shun, the Yellow Emperor and Shennong in the Warring States, Qin's and Han's Pangu. From the Warring States to the Western Han Dynasty, the formation of the ancient historical system mainly benefited from Confucianism. He examined the relationship between Confucius and the Six Classics with the attitude of doubting the ancient and distinguishing the false, pointed out that Confucius' "righteousness and joy" had nothing to do with society, and criticized Liang Qichao for making Confucius too perfect. It is concluded that the Six Classics is by no means the work of Confucius, and it is of little value in history, philosophy and political theory. It denies the whole ancient history system compiled by Confucianism using the Six Classics (especially Shangshu). It also points out that it is necessary to get rid of the idea that there is only one nation and region that has always been unified in ancient China, and the idea that ancient history is humanized and ancient times are the golden age. Although these views are not completely correct today, they were of anti-feudal and anti-Confucian idol significance at that time.

Gu Jiegang wrote a lot in his life. In addition to discriminating ancient history, his important works include A Brief History of Han Dynasty, Confucian Scholars in Qin and Han Dynasties, General Theory of Shangshu, History of China's Territory Evolution, Miscellaneous Knowledge of Scholars and so on.

Gu Jiegang's life

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Gu Jiegang (1893- 1980), Han nationality, is a famous historian and folklorist in modern China. Pen names Yu Yi, Ming Jian, etc.

1893 On May 8th, Gu Jiegang was born in a scholar's family in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, and entered a private school to study four books from 1897. Grandpa, grandma and domestic servants are good at telling stories. Gu Jiegang has heard many myths and legends since he was a child. 1906 entered a local public higher primary school, 1908 transferred to Suzhou No.1 Middle School, 19 12 entered Shanghai Shenzhou University in autumn and became fascinated with literature. 19 13 years, I entered the preparatory school of Peking University, addicted to drama, and found that a story will change with time, place and people. 19 15 Gu Jiegang went home due to illness and completed 20 volumes of Textual Research of Qing Dynasty, which made him have a profound understanding of Qing Dynasty scholarship. 19 16 Go to the philosophy of Peking University. 19 18 Peking University professor Liu Bannong and others launched a campaign to collect folk songs from the whole country and published one or two songs in Peking University Daily. This incident aroused Gu Jiegang's interest. His wife died of illness. He went home to live in seclusion and was depressed. He could not start studying ancient history, so he collected folk songs. First collect it at home, and then gradually collect it from neighbors and relatives. In a year or two, I found hundreds of ballads, as well as other dialects, riddles, proverbs, songbooks, customs, religions and other materials. 19 19 In May, Gu Jiegang continued his work. He wrote a folk article "The General Ceremony List of" All Golden Six Gifts ". At this point, he began to consider some problems of folklore and folk literature and art, and found that folk songs, like stories of novels and plays, will change anytime and anywhere.

65438-0920, Gu Jie just graduated from Peking University and stayed as a teaching assistant. He plans to compile a long-term catalogue of books in China, with about 200 to 300 volumes. In winter, I began to proofread ancient and modern folk books. At the same time, I annotated the dialect and published it in Beijing Morning Post, which was well received by the academic community. 192 1 year, Gu Jiegang was appointed as a teaching assistant in the Department of Chinese Studies of Peking University Research Institute, and served as the editorial board of the Quarterly Journal of Chinese Studies, editing the series "Discrimination between Falsifications and Falsifications". At the same time, he often corresponded with Hu Shi, Qian and others to discuss ancient history, false books, false things and other issues, and began to write an article on ancient history. At this time, Gu Jiegang also devoted himself to the study of The Book of Songs, thinking that some poems in The Book of Songs were folk songs, and successively wrote articles such as Poetics of Han Confucianism and the Truth of The Book of Songs, Changes of Ballads, Bad Luck and Sorting of Songs in The Book of Songs, etc. In the process of studying the Book of Songs, in Tongzhi, he made up his mind to study the story deeply. 1922, Gu Jiegang compiled a middle school history textbook for the library of the Ministry of Commerce, intending to sort out ancient history legends in ancient books such as poems and books. He first conceived the theory that "ancient history is made up of layers", and thought that ancient history records were mostly transformed from myths.

At the end of 1923, Gu Jiegang left the Commercial Press and went back to Peking University College to be the editor of Ballad Weekly, focusing on folklore and folk literature and art research, and became the main writer of Ballad Weekly. He has published articles such as Zheng Qiao's Views on Poetry, Seventy-two Sentences of Dongyue Temple, Two Funeral Guides and Examples of Various Dialects (Suzhou Dialect). From 65438 to 0924, Wu Ji was serialized in Ballad Weekly, which had a great response. At the end of the same year, the article "The Change of Meng Jiangnv's Story" was published, which shocked the academic circles at home and abroad. There were many respondents at that time, providing information and discussing letters. Gu Jiegang decided to make a series of special discussions on Meng Jiangnv's story. The 9 th issue of Meng Jiangnv Special Issue, edited by him, successively published the Collection of Meng Jiangnv Stories and his own research articles, which became the most outstanding issue published by Ballad Weekly. 1In April, 925, Gu Jiegang and others went to Miaofeng Mountain in Xiao Xi, and published articles such as "The Aroma of Miaofeng Mountain". After the May 30th tragedy, Gu Jiegang edited the Special Issue of Saving the Nation for Jingji. In September, I wrote the second beginning of A Study on Meng Jiangnv's Story. At the beginning of 1926, Peking University Folk Songs Research Office published Wu Ji. In April, the publication of the first volume of Distinguishing Ancient History attracted attention from all walks of life, making Gu Jiegang a core figure in the field of history. In the long preface, Gu Jiegang prepared his own reasons, hardships and direction for studying. In May, The Historical System of Meng Jiangnv's Story was published, and in June, it was written as Song of Suzhou. In autumn, I went to Xiamen University and worked as a research professor at the National College. At the end of the year, I went to Quanzhou to inspect the customs and wrote Quanzhou Land God. At the beginning of 1927, A Study on Meng Jiangnv's Story was published. Compared with before, the understanding of Meng Jiangnu's story is more mature and the system is more complete, which also consolidates Gu Jiegang's position in the academic circle. In April, he went to Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, and later served as professor and director of the history department, director of the Chinese Department of the Library, acting director of the Institute of Language History, and editor-in-chief of the weekly magazine of the Institute of Language History of Sun Yat-sen University. At the end of the same year, Gu Jiegang, He Sijing and Zhong Jingwen founded the Folklore Society of Sun Yat-sen University, founded Folk Literature and Art (later renamed Folk Weekly) and wrote a preface. The Folklore Society has also set up a showroom for folklore articles, sent personnel to Shaoguan and other places in Yunnan to investigate and collect folklore literature and art materials, set up a folklore research society, taught Gu Jiegang the method of sorting out legends, and edited and published folklore series. Gu Jiegang's works on Meng Jiangnv's story and correspondence with his teachers and friends have been compiled into three volumes of Collection of Studies on Meng Jiangnv's Story, which have been published one after another. The Wedding and Funeral of Mountain and Su Yue, which was co-authored with Liu, was also published one after another.

1928 In March, Gu Jiegang gave a speech on "Sage Culture and Popular Culture" at Lingnan University, expounding the significance and objectives of folklore research. At the same time, Gu Jiegang is also the editor-in-chief of the language history series of Sun Yat-sen University, responsible for the compilation of the history and folklore series. During this period, Gu Jiegang also compiled Liu's Collection of Children's Songs in Guangzhou, Zhou's Suzhou Style, Qian Nanyang's Mystery History, Xie's Collection of Fujian Songs, Chen's Collection of Songs in Taishan, Wei Yinglin's Collection of Songs in Fuzhou, Wu Zaoting's Quanzhou Folk Custom and Yao Yizhi's Hunan.

1929 In May, Gu Jiegang arrived in Beijing, where he was a researcher and professor of history at yenching university Institute of Chinese Studies. He also taught in Peking University and was the editor-in-chief of Yanjing Journal. Since coming to Yanda University, Gu Jiegang has devoted himself to the study of ancient history and decided to clean up the ancient history of the old system. He is the author of a large number of papers, such as Stories in the Eight Diagrams of Zhouyi, Stories of Makers of Yijing Phenomenon, Politics and History from the Beginning of Five Virtues, Legend of Flood and Legend of Water Control. In the process of studying history, Gu Jiegang spent a lot of energy studying Shangshu, and found that Gong Yu and other parts involved many problems, which needed a comprehensive study of historical geography to find out the related problems. So, in 1933, Gu Jiegang opened the course of "History of Ancient Geography of China" in Peking University and Yanda University, and in early 1934, he and Tan Qixiang and others organized the Gong Yu Society, founded the bimonthly Gong Yu, and formulated the plan of the Gong Yu Society to study the frontier, which was devoted to the study of the history and present situation of frontier nationalities in order to save the nation from national subjugation. Gong Yu became a master of historical geography, frontier and national history of China at that time, which cultivated a generation of historical geography talents and laid the foundation of historical geography in China. In the same year, Gu Jiegang published the research results of Shangshu, such as Yao Dian Review, Yao Dian Problem Collection and Gong Yu Discussion Collection, and successively published The Origin of Five Tibetan Mountain Classics, Discrimination of Fakes in Warring States and Qin and Han Dynasties, Academic History of Han Dynasty, Wang Su's Theory of Five Emperors and Six Days' Perceptions of Zheng Xuan. At the beginning of 1935, Gu Jiegang served as the director of the history group of the History Research Association of Beiping Research Institute and edited the historical anthology; In July, he visited the historical sites in Hebei Province and compiled Beiping Annals. In May, 1936, he was elected as the director of Gong Yu Institution. In autumn, he was appointed as the head of the history department of yenching university and edited Popular Knowledge. From 1929, Gu Jiegang went to yenching university to study folk literature and art on the eve of the Anti-Japanese War. In 193 1, he collaborated with Wu Limeo to write Narrative of Suzhou Song Book. 1933 Joined yenching university Teachers and Students Anti-Japanese Association, founded "Miyake Bookstore" (later changed to Newsletter Editing Press), published popular books and publicized anti-Japanese activities. Then he published articles such as Wu Ge Zaiji, Pipa of Ming Folk Songs, Wang Enren's Folk Songs, Beiping Storytelling Classification, Luanzhou Cinema, and Meng Jiangnv's Story Material Catalogue, and revised Feng Menglong's folk songs.

After the July 7th Incident, Gu Jiegang went to work in the northwest. In September, he served as the president of Gansu People's Society. Editing and publishing "Xun Journal of Common People". /kloc-in the spring of 0/938, I visited Lintao, Weiyuan, Le Kang and Minxian successively. 1938, 10 In autumn, Gu Jiegang arrived in Kunming as a professor of literature and history at Yunnan University and founded Frontier Weekly in Yi Shi Daily, 1939. Gu Jiegang arrived in Chengdu as the director of cheeloo university China Institute, and went to Pixian, Shuangliu and Xinjin successively. 1March, 940, the semi-monthly Responsibility of Kindness was published, and some chapters of Langkou village's prose collection, such as Fish Eye, Lapras and Lijiang River in Kyrgyzstan, were published one after another. In April, he was hired as a member of the Education Committee of History and Geography of the Ministry of Education. 194 1 In the spring of, I went to Chongqing to edit the Journal of Literature and History. In may, he served as deputy director of the frontier language compilation Committee. In August, he was appointed as the professor and director of the publishing department of Chinese Department and History Department of the Central Committee. In winter, he moved to Beibei, where he served as president of China Historical Map Compilation Society, executive director of China Historical Society and professor of Fudan University. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/944, he was hired by cheeloo university as the director of the Institute of Chinese Studies and visited Dazu and Hechuan at the same time. That year, he and Lou Zikuang edited Landscape Records.

1945 was the editor-in-chief of Communications Bookstore, and 1946 was the editor-in-chief of Wenxun, completing Jin Wengong and other works. That autumn, I went to the northwest and served as a chair of Lanzhou University. From 65438 to 0947, he was the editor-in-chief of Dazhong Library and Bookstore, founded People's Weekly, and completed important works such as Contemporary China History. 1In July, 948, he served as professor and director of the History Department of Lanzhou University and professor of Fudan University. From 65438 to 0949, He Zhong Library mimeographed his works such as Diary of Northwest Investigation, Countercurrent Collection, and Langkou Village Essays. Qiu, Professor and Director of Chinese Department of University College, Professor of Aurora University, USA.

After liberation, Gu Jiegang served as a member of the Shanghai Cultural Management Committee, a member of the Shanghai Library Preparatory Committee, and an executive director of the China Historical Society Shanghai Branch. 195 1 Professor of Chinese Department of Shanghai University, 1952 Professor of Fudan University. From 65438 to 0954, he served as the first researcher at the Institute of History of China Academy of Sciences, and was the general school of Chinese characters. 1955, punctuation began in historical records. 1956 Joined China Folk Literature and Art Research Association. 1957 published Research on Places of Interest. 65438-0958 Executive Director of China Folk Literature and Art Research Association. 65438-0959 Deputy Director of Literature and History Information Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference, published Notes on Gong Yu. 1962 published a modern translation of Shangshu Dahao, and 1963 published the first edition of Shilin Miscellaneous Knowledge, including Chiyou and Zhuan Xu. 1965 went to Beijing Xiangshan sanatorium for recuperation due to illness in winter. It started at 197 1 and was the general school of Twenty-four History and Draft of Qing History. It was completed at 1977 and published by Zhonghua Book Company at 1979. At that time, he was an academic member of the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences, a member of the National Committee of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and vice chairman of the China People's Research Association.

In the 1950s, Gu Jiegang "arrived in Beijing for eight years, and the history is so out of place, but now he can't change jobs under the system, which is extremely depressing." During the Cultural Revolution, Gu Jiegang, as a reactionary academic authority, was criticized for wearing a high hat. He worked in the institute of history every day until the early 1970 s, and he was basically doing academic work for the rest of his life.

1980 65438+On February 25th, Gu Jiegang died of illness. In the next few years, the manuscript of Gong Yu Kunlun, The Origin and Comment of Jiuquan Kunlun, The Kunlun District of Shanhaijing, A Brief History of China Films and Its Present Situation, The Evolution of Six Heroes in the Snow were published one after another, but Gu Jiegang still had millions of words of notes.

As a historian, Gu Jiegang enjoys a high reputation in Chinese and foreign academic circles and has far-reaching influence. He applied his unique insights in history to the field of folk literature and folklore, injected new blood into it, explored new methods and made great achievements. He won a high honor for his research on Meng Jiangnv's stories, ballads and folklore.

During the period of 1924, Gu Jiegang serialized "Wu Ji" in Ballad Weekly, which was serialized in March and was well received by academic circles. Wu Ge Cargill, published by Peking University Ballad Research Association 1926, is a collection of ballads with high scientific research value. Not only was it published earlier, but it also had detailed notes. , but also with many "writing songs" research articles. Liu Bannong wrote to him and said, "You robbed China of the first place in folklore." .

In terms of folklore, Gu Jiegang has done a lot of research. He published articles such as Investigation in Miao Feng, Exploration of Land Gods, and Discussion on Weddings, Funerals and Festivities in Suzhou. At that time, the atmosphere was not open and had a great influence. Among them, The Aroma of Miaofeng Mountain investigates the grand occasion of people worshiping the goddess Bi Xia Yuan Jun, analyzes the superstitious psychology of all kinds of people worshiping and praying, and the essence of the temple owner's false gods to collect money, and finds the relationship between people's material living standards and praying psychology. This reflects Gu Jiegang's academic point of view: investigation is not for investigation, but for research.

Gu Jiegang's Study on Meng Jiangnv's Story is the first book in China to make a detailed and systematic textual research on legendary stories. He analyzed all kinds of records in ancient books and related materials circulated orally at that time, and made a systematic textual research on the generation, circulation and variation of this story, in order to explain the time, place, plot change of Meng Jiangnv's story and its relationship with history as scientifically as possible. His "The Story Transformation of Meng Jiangnv" and "The Study of Meng Jiangnv's Story" are representative works in this respect, which put forward the historical system and geographical system of the story from both vertical and horizontal aspects. Especially the latter part reflects Gu Jiegang's viewpoint more comprehensively and systematically. He attached great importance to the "law of evolution" and tried to understand the origin, development and deformation of the story. Obviously, he applied his ancient history theory "ancient history caused by accumulation" to the study of this story, which made his achievements in this research field very outstanding. Gu Jiegang's conclusion on Meng Jiangnv's story has always been very influential, especially on the historical system of the story. Later, many folk literature and art researchers supplemented and developed it, and his "evolution law" has also become a research method that we still use today.

Of course, Gu Jiegang's main purpose in studying Meng Jiangnv's story is to "give an example of ancient history research methods" and use legends as materials for studying history. The research results show that the true historical features of Qi Liang's wife cannot be seen clearly from Meng Jiangnv's story. In this case, other ancient historical phenomena recorded in the legend are not credible. This is the real purpose of Gu Jiegang's study of Meng Jiangnv's story. The article runs through the thoughts and methods of neo-skepticism. In the study of ancient history, Gu Jiegang also involved many ancient myths and legends, and studied Yao, Shun, Yu and other myths and legends.

Gu Jiegang has made great contributions to the theoretical construction of Chinese folk literature and art. His vision of dynamic investigation of folk literature and art ("evolution law") and his insight into the search and identification of ancient books and materials have had a great influence on the research of Chinese folk literature and art. Some mythical figures and events were mentioned in his research and became the research topics of some people later. In addition, his efforts and advocacy role in editing magazines, hosting societies, publicizing folk literature and reminding colleagues to study folk literature and art are also extremely prominent.