The author of A Dream of Red Mansions is Cao Xueqin, which is not controversial. However, as a critic, Zhi Yanzhai revealed something hidden in the book, showing readers and researchers a maze of more than 200 years. There are different opinions about who he is and what is his relationship with Cao Xueqin. The existing version system of A Dream of Red Mansions can be divided into two systems. One is the fat evaluation system that only circulated the first 80 times and kept the comments of Zhi Yanzhai. The other is the Cheng Gaoben system pieced together by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E, which deleted all the comments of Zhi Yanzhai and continued to write 120 times. The so-called fat review is the sum of all the copied copies of "The Story of the Stone" plus fat reviews. These manuscripts retain a large number of red notes, and some important manuscripts are engraved with the words "Red inkstone re-evaluates the Story of the Stone", so people generally refer to these early manuscripts of the Story of the Stone as fat reviews or fat reviews.

Someone once wrote an article criticizing Zhi Yanzhai. He thinks that Zhi Yanzhai is a later scholar than Cao Xueqin. He won the trust of Cao, got some manuscripts, and became famous in the name of the author. If we look at it from this angle, Zhiben is simply a poisonous weed full of cancer, leaving behind all harm and no benefit. Most people who hold this view refute Zhi Yanzhai's comments from the contents of Cheng Ben 120 novels, and think that the comments are absurd, self-contradictory, full of self-promotion and serious exaggeration. However, from the textual research of the fat book system, it is undeniable that the fat book comes first and the craft book comes last, and only the revised version of the first eighty copies can be compared with the fat book. If the reader has two versions at hand, compare the first part of the novel. In addition, in the heyday of novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties, book reviews have not only been regarded as the storyteller's understanding of the novel's content and appreciation of the text, but have gradually evolved into a supplement and re-creation of the overall structure of the novel. This started with a generation of legendary man Jin Shengtan commenting on Water Margin and The West Chamber and incorporating them into his own creation, and Mao Zonggang and his son revised the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Zhang Zhupo's penmanship under the guise of books. As a novel, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many novels have the characteristics of unofficial history's hearsay, and it is indispensable to discuss the ruling and opposition parties and attack the current politics. In order to avoid the persecution of the literary inquisition and achieve the purpose of the novel being handed down from generation to generation, the phenomenon of deliberately using metaphors in novels is extremely common. For example, Jin Ping Mei obviously satirizes the family affairs of Yan Song in the Ming Dynasty, but sometimes because the historical facts are buried too deeply, readers only pay attention to the superficial plot content and cannot pay attention to it.

The following is the chronology of the comment on writing system of Zhi Yan Zhai and Zhen Dui, which appeared in Zhifu edition:

Annotator's Version Record of Ganzhi Nianshi

JOE (1754) before 19 JOE edition of Red Yanzhai.

Re-evaluation of JOE Qianlong Nineteenth Year (1754) JOE Edition of Red Yanzhai

Chen Geng Edition of Red inkstone in the 21st year of Bingzi Qianlong (1756)

Ding Chou Qianlong twenty-two years (1757) deformation fine collection edition.

Twenty-four years of Jilong (1759): red inkstone edition, Ji Mao edition.

Four Comments on the Chen Geng Edition of Red inkstone in the 25th year of Chen Geng Qianlong (1760)

In the twenty-seventh year of Renwu Qianlong (1762), it was an abnormal version.

Cao Xueqin died in the 28th year of Gan Long, Gui Wei (1764 February 1) on the New Year's Eve of Gui Wei (1763).

Yiyou Qianlong Thirty Years (1765) Deformation Edition.

In the thirty-second year of Dinghai (1767), it was an abnormal edition of Chen Geng, a Beijing-collected edition.

The thirty-three years of Wuzi Qianlong (1768) deformation fine collection edition

The Thirty-six Years of Xinmao Gan Long (177 1) is an abnormal Tibetan book.

Wu Jia Qianlong thirty-nine years JOE version of red inkstone (1774)

Zhi Yanzhai is not the only one who commented on A Dream of Red Mansions. Besides Zhi Yanzhai, there are other people in the fat edition, such as pervert, Xing Zhai, and so on. Later, some people commented on the popular version of the living, such as the dream master, but Zhi Yanzhai was the first to comment, and added several comments in succession, often hitting the nail on the head. Studying the content of Zhipi carefully, we can find that Zhiyanzhai has a close relationship with the author. Knowing that the author has a * * connection with the author's life experience and feelings at the bottom of his book writing, he is familiar with all kinds of strange methods used by the author in the process of writing a book, and often tirelessly guides readers to find clues step by step, and even participates in the writing process of A Dream of Red Mansions to understand the aftermath of the Red Chamber. He is the earliest redologist. But this mysterious figure has never been known to the world, and even whether it is a man or a woman has not been clearly debated. It is a strange phenomenon in the red circle.

Chen Geng's comment on writing before the 21st turn:

There is a guest title "A Dream of Red Mansions", but I lost my real name and saw its poem police, so I recorded it in Si:

Hold the golden hair, hold the kudzu, kill and plan,

Mr. Qian Sha has unlimited feelings, and Mr. Yan Zhi hates his guts.

Whether it is illusion or vacuum, idle wind and idle moon are wasted.

Love machine has become a skyshatter, what can I do if I don't love it?

Many people write books. This is a unique song, and the poem is full of warnings. I also know that I am going to write a book at the bottom, but I am sorry that my name has been lost.

This passage is obviously secretive. Imagine if Tso Gong and Zhi Yanzhai met such a confidant who knows the truth and has three tastes, and it was too late to be thankful and sigh. Is there any reason to remember the poem clearly but forget the other person's name So I'm afraid this guest can only be the author or the approver himself. I'm afraid it will cause too much trouble, so I'll call the roll here. You can see from the meaning of the poem (if Zhifu says this poem is famous for its good ending):

A Dream of Red Mansions is a self-defense and self-directed play. The two characters in the play are Jia Baoyu of the novel and Mr. Zhi Yanzhai, who is full of hatred and criticism. These two characters are very lively with each other, but they are an inseparable part of the whole Dream of Red Mansions. In other words, fat criticism is indispensable to A Dream of Red Mansions. Without him, readers can only see Mr. Qian Sha's infinite affection, but they can't appreciate the hatred of Mr. Yan Zhi, the other side of the book. So who should hate the whole book? It is clearly written in the title poem:

A piece of nonsense, a bitter tear, Dou Yun author crazy, who can understand the taste?

Of course, what should be expressed is hatred for the author Cao Xueqin, so isn't Mr. Yan Zhi mentioned here the doppelganger of the author of A Dream of Red Mansions-Zhi Yanzhai? Of course, the other part of the author's emotional doppelganger is mainly entrusted by Jia Baoyu. From this point of view, the structure of this book is extremely complicated and interesting. As we know, the main plot of the book is the story carved on the stone-the story of the stone, which includes two parts that complement each other: Twelve Women in Jinling and the Moon Mirror. The Story of the Stone is included in the whole story of A Dream of Red Mansions, which is complete and full of criticism. He not only played the role of Jia Baoyu, the protagonist of the plot, but also became a stone in the book. More importantly, he played a cold-eyed role through comments and fully showed his love and hate to readers. This ingenious structure is unprecedented in any novel in ancient and modern times. Back to the 48th comment Xiangling talk in a dream has a batch of clouds:

A big book is a dream, Baoyu's emotion is a dream, Jia Rui's lust is a dream, Qin's strategy is a dream, this poem is also a dream, and the romantic lesson is also a dream, so it is called a dream of red mansions. Yu Jin's criticism is also in dreams, especially for people in dreams.

The structure and meaning of this book involve many characteristics, which are impossible for others to recognize except the author. For example, when we talked about the hard rock under Geng Qingfeng, there were a series of criticisms, saying that "Geng Qing" was really "loving the root" and "falling in love with the root, so it didn't help the sky", and "twelve feet tall should be twelve women, and only 24 feet can take care of the deputy twelve women, and 36,500 yuan can take care of the number of Sundays". This similar metaphor can only be supplemented by the author.

However, throughout the book, the tone of the fat review, besides Mr. Yan Zhi's topic with some masculine tone, there are quite a few parts showing feminine tone, and often coincides with the tone and identity of the characters in the novel. For example, there are many comments on Baochai's attack on xiren and Pinger in the book. Critics often put their identity in a ditch with the characters in the novel and say something on behalf of the characters in the novel that has not been revealed. For example, Pinger put Jia Lian's hair up, but she didn't see Feng's sarcasm. There is a comment: "I have three ideas", which obviously puts myself in a ditch with Pinger. When I say attack, I don't mean Pinger. In fact, xiren and Pinger are also related, belonging to the same literary fairy type. The relationship between Pinger and Baoyu is expressed through that branch. In Xiangling's words, it is husband and wife's return.

There are a lot of comments in the article, which seems unreasonable at first glance. In fact, two people are competing with each other. For example, Baoyu threw a pen to bed after finishing Zhuangzi Nanhuajing. When I woke up and turned over, it was xiren and his clothes sleeping on the bed. There is a clip batch of yue:

The pen of god! Imagine that xiren didn't come to lie down together, and it didn't work out. It is even more impossible to lie together, but it is just a cloud on the clothes. Just between coming to lie together and not coming to lie together. Why is it magical?

It's disgusting.

Beautiful stone, easy to remember, the narrator is right.

That's great. The approver can approve it.

(the original text is connected in batches here, so it is broken for the convenience of narration. )

It can be seen that this is a dialogue between the lady and the author about the sentence "Xiren and Yi sleep in bed", from which we can also see the corresponding relationship with Xiren.

From the literal interpretation of Red inkstone, we can also see some clues. "Fat" corresponds to a woman and "inkstone" refers to a stone. We know that the author has always called himself a stone, and this Zhai naturally corresponds to a couple's nest. From the analysis of the hitter, we can know that the prototype of the servant girl behind the hitter and Cao Xueqin are husband and wife, which is revealed in the novel through Pinger's righting and wearing a dead woman. It can also be seen from the origin of the attacker's name that she has made the greatest contribution to the author's writing, and is likely to be responsible for copying, proofreading and evaluating a large number of components. In this sense, the word "fat" also comes first.

Another place worthy of textual research is the prototype of Xiren-Liu Huilan died before Cao Xueqin, and some mistakes in understanding the novel structure in criticism were corrected by the author. These remarks do not seem to have come from Liu. According to research, Cao Xueqin remarried at the beginning of March in the 25th year of Qianlong, and the bride's name was Xu. Xu's story was recorded in Anhui's Old Rain Morning Star Collection:

Neighbor Xu lived in Jinling with his father. She is beautiful, poetic and good at painting. She married a scholar, her family was poor, and she didn't learn anything. Two years later, unfortunately, the scholar died and Fang Qing was injured. She used a poem to mourn Yu Yun ... After Fang Qing's husband died, he was poor and helpless, and Yu Nai advised him to go back to his hometown to die.

Part of the revision of trade fairs and editions was completed by Cao Xueqin and Xu * * *. By the time Xue Qin died on New Year's Eve, this part of the work had not been finalized, and finally left the regret that "A Dream in the Red Chamber" would be circulated forever.

There are four main theories about the identity of Red Circle Zhiyanzhai: (1) The author says; 2 Shi Xiangyun said; 3 uncle said; 4 cousin said. These are all about the relationship between Zhi Yanzhai and Cao Xueqin.

"The author said". This statement can't stand reasoning, and it is also the most difficult to establish. There are many expressions of "Yu Er Ren", "Writer" and "Approver" in Fat Criticism. There is a clear line between the author and the approver, so there is no doubt that there are two people. And if this is the author's "cunning brushwork", those people, that is, the author, will become boastful and have low personality, which is obvious. Judging from the spirit and thoughts revealed in A Dream of Red Mansions, how can an author with an empty mind be willing to slap his mouth? And that kind of arrogant and free-spirited literati image, which is "arrogant, eloquent, eloquent" and "arrogant like a gentleman, is even more fragmented", constantly does not allow himself to do such an unbearable thing. The biggest reason for this statement is that "when the author writes a book, how can others know about it" (in Yu Pingbo), which undoubtedly takes Zhi Yanzhai as an ordinary reader and ignores his close relationship with Cao Xueqin.

"Shi Xiangyun said." Mr. Zhou picked out some comments similar to women's tone from Zhi Pi, and thus identified Zhi Yanzhai as a woman. For example, Geng wrote a line at six o'clock the second time: "If Brother Yu sees this batch, he will definitely say,' Old goods, he won't relax me everywhere, damn it!'" "In retrospect, I compared Yu to firewood. Dai and others were bosom friends, and Yu was lucky! Smile. " Back to Baoyu, saying that "a sentimental girl accompanied her on her honeymoon" annoyed Daiyu, and he criticized Yun sideways: "I will be annoyed, too. Mr. Zhou thinks that "it's not a woman if you don't scream" and "it's a female voice again" In fact, Cao Xueqin always put himself in the position of acting for the characters in the book during his creative process. If a woman is a woman, she intends to "talk". If the villain is a villain, she imitates the villain's tone. If she was a clown, she didn't swear, and many people were arrested. In essence, approving books is equivalent to writing books. You also need to devote yourself to the environment of the book and vent your related emotional feelings one by one. When you are satisfied, you will pity others and get the most from another angle. At the same time, according to a line in the second edition of the book, Mr. Zhou criticized the saying that "drinking for people first, then drinking for people" and thought that "knowing Yan Zhai is not among people", but it must be an important role in the book. It is most appropriate to further infer Shi Xiangyun.

"Uncle said". There are two main reasons for this statement. 1. Yu Rui, a man of A Qing Dynasty, wrote in the book "Idle Pen at Jujube Window": "I have heard about the old book" A Treasure Mirror of Yue Feng "for a long time, also known as" The Story of the Stone ".I don't know why someone wrote it. Cao Xueqin got it, because the story told in the book is similar to that of his family. Because of the use of the title, he revised the book five times ... I have read the manuscript, and this book has comments on what happened in that year, which is very true. It is easy for people to call it A Dream of Red Mansions and "Baoyu" refers to his uncle, not his own portrayal. Both sentences begin with the word "smell", which should be a popular view at that time, not from his uncles Yi Ming and Lin Ming, so it can't be confirmed. This "smell" once aroused people's doubts about the copyright of Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions, and its fallacy is obvious (Fu Chayi may have made friends with Cao Xueqin, and there are 20 poems of tihongloumeng, the preface of which is: "Cao wrote Dream of Red Mansions to remember the prosperity of the romantic years. Yu Rui, ..........................................................................., said to himself:" I want to associate the word Xueqin with its name, but I don't know it. "Cao, a soldier of the Han Dynasty, didn't know his official flag. We don't know Cao Xueqin that well. How can I listen to his "smell" and believe it? Isn't it ridiculous to add the word "smell" to such a thing as "having friends with Cao Xueqin"? Secondly, Geng returned to the eighteenth session: "Before Baoyu entered the school, Jia Fei introduced him when he was three or four years old. "Fat Criticism:" The critic brought this religion, so he criticized it and burst into tears. My elder sister died too early, otherwise, why should I become a basket case? "On this basis, red inkstone called WuChun elder sister, and Yuan Chun's image is based on Cao Xueqin's aunt as a princess, so, red inkstone, of course, should be Cao Xueqin's uncle.

"Cousin said". Zhi Yanzhai and Cao Xueqin are brothers. In chapter 22 of Jing Ben, there is a grotesque comment: "Let's talk to someone we have known before. After several years, all the scholars of the Western Qin Dynasty, Zhiyan and Xingzhai have not left one after another. Now there is only one rotten product left in Ding, and I would rather not kill it! " In the comment on writing, Cao Xueqin and Zhi Yanzhai are called "philosophers", while the self-proclaimed "rotten things" look like Cao Zhi is the same generation, and abnormal is one generation older than them. JOE's third time; "The host said,' I'm in poor health these days, and I'm sad to see the girls, so I can't bear to see them for the time being. "The pervert criticized:" I haven't made a statement for a long time, and I may wake up when I see this statement. "There is more than one grotesque self here, which can prove that he is the elder of Zhiyanzhai who is smarter than Jia Baoyu. Jia Xuben said for the second time, "In the garden in the back area. "Zhifu:" Why don't you use the word "west"? I'm afraid my husband will cry, so I dare not use the word' west'. "According to Zhi Yanzhai's respect for' Sir',' Sir' should be an elder, otherwise it is abnormal. Cao Yin calls himself "Xitang Flower Sweeper", and his branch is extremely sensitive to the word "West". When future generations write books, they naturally avoid them. At this time, the earliest time for mass production was Xu Jianian (1754). In the above three comment on writing, no matter "Mr" or "pervert", it will not be Cao Yin himself or his brother, but only Cao Yinzi's nephew. Red inkstone is naturally the grandson of Cao Yin, so he is equal to Cao Xueqin. In addition, it seems more reasonable that Zhi Yanzhai and Cao Xueqin are brothers of the same age. For the first time, I wrote a fat criticism: "from time to time, I just hope that the Lord of nature will give me another Qin and a fat." What are the benefits of this book? "The other two are also very happy in Jiuquan." "One Qin and One Fat" also said that it is conceivable that the relationship between them should be suitable for equal brothers.

The study of A Dream of Red Mansions began in the early 1920s. 1920 When Lu Xun wrote A Brief History of Chinese Fiction, he quoted A Dream of Red Mansions based on the preface of Biography of Qi State and the movable type of Biography of Gao Mu. It can be seen that Lu Xun paid more attention to paper money than to high currency. 1927, Hu Shi bought a copy of JOE, and published the article Textual Research on New Data of A Dream of Red Mansions in February of the following year. This is the first monograph in the history of a dream of red mansions, and it is also the beginning of the study of a dream of red mansions. Around this time, the banknotes of A Dream of Red Mansions were discovered one after another, and so far there are the following twelve kinds. (in order of discovery):

First, the preface of Qi's The Story of the Stone is called Qi, with 80 chapters. 19 12 There were lithographs printed by Shanghai Zhengshu Company, and the first 40 chapters were found, which are now in Shanghai Library.

Second, "Re-evaluation of the Stone Story in Hongyan Zhai" (Jiaxuben) is referred to as Jiaxuben, and the remaining 16 chapters. 1927 was collected by Hu Shi, originally collected by Liu Quanfu in Daxing. This book is in the Cornell University Library.

Third, "Red Yanzhai Re-evaluating the Story of the Stone" (lost version) is referred to as the lost version, with 38 chapters, then three chapters and two and a half, and now it is 4 1 chapter two and a half. It was first collected by Dong Kang, then by Tao Zhu, and now it is in Beijing Library. The newly discovered three times and two and a half times are still collected by the historical museum of the original discovery unit.

4. Re-evaluation of the Stone Story in Hongyan Zhai (Chen Geng Edition), referred to as Chen Geng Edition for short, seventy-eight times, purchased by Xu Xingshu in 1932, and now stored in Peking University Library.

5. Biography of the State of Qi The Story of the Stone (collected in Nanjing Library), referred to as the Book of Qi Ning for short, is an old collection of Nanjing Library.

6. The Preface to a Dream of Red Mansions, referred to as eighty chapters for short, was discovered in Shanxi in 1953 and is now in Beijing Library.

7. One hundred and twenty copies of Qianlong's manuscript A Dream of Red Mansions, referred to as Dream Draft, were discovered in the spring of 1959 and are now in the library of the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Sciences.

8. The Story of the Stone, referred to as "Mongolian Palace Collection", was originally eighty times, and paper money was made into one hundred and twenty times. It was discovered in 1960 and is now in Beijing Library.

Nine, Shu preface "Dream of Red Mansions" is referred to as Shu, with 40 existing copies, old collections, Zhu Nanxi's copy, and Beijing Library.

Ten, Zheng Zhenduo banknote "A Dream of Red Mansions" referred to as Zheng Ben, there are twenty-three or twenty-four copies, collected in Zheng Zhenduo, and now in Beijing Library.

Eleven, Yangzhou Jing Ke Tibetan banknotes "Stone" referred to as Jing Ke Tibetan, eighty times, Jing Ke old collection has been lost.

12. Leningrad Institute of Orientalism, the banknote "stone" was collected for short, eighty times, missing five or six times, and seventy-eight times, and was collected in Leningrad Branch of Institute of Orientalism of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.

In addition, A Dream of Red Mansions, a Xiu Xiang block-printed movable-type edition published in191,is internationally known as Cheng Jiaben, and its original edition is also an early banknote based on fat. There are thirteen different early notes of A Dream of Red Mansions. Except that the scriptures have been lost and only the fat has been preserved and discarded, the other 12 kinds, whether Ji Guang Pian Yu or Zhao Biwan Coin, are precious materials for studying the banknotes of A Dream of Red Mansions.

Dream of Red Mansions Edition

1, Jiaxuben

JOE edition is also called fat residue edition and fat full edition. In the first line of every book, you can find "Re-evaluation of the Stone by Zhi Yanzhai". On page 1 on page 8, the sentence "You will know what's the story on the stone when it is published" is more than his own. You still use the word "the story of the stone" 15 to indicate the background age, so it's named Jiaxuben. Xu Jianian is Qianlong 19 (1754). Save it sixteen times. That is, 1 to 8 times, 13 to 16 times and 25 to 28 times. The second half of the fourth cycle is missing, and the first half of 13 cycle is missing the lower left corner. One volume is four times, and four volumes are * * *. 12 lines per half, 18 words.

JOE is one of the most precious manuscripts in existence, which is closest to the original appearance of Cao Xueqin's manuscript. This granddaddy may be an edited version of Zhi Yanzhai. The reason is that there is Zhi Yanzhai's signature at the bottom of each page, and some places are empty to be filled in, such as a few poems before returning, only "poems" are hung. The description of Lin Daiyu's eyebrows has not been written yet, and the second half of the sentence is surrounded by calligraphy. The original version is not patchwork, the text is rarely modified, and some comments are transferred from another version.

In this book 1 cycle, there are abnormal lines of Zhu Pi written by Ding Haichun, and the general comment of ink copying was also written by Ding Hai, indicating that the copying time was after Ding Hai (1769) in the 23rd year of Qianlong.

Back to page 1, page 1, the title of line 1 is "Red inkstone reevaluates strange stones", the title of line 2 is "Ordinary cases", and line 3 begins with five ordinary cases and ends with a poem. Chen Yuqian believes that this paragraph is a criticism of obesity, and the text should start with "reading officials". The first to fourth poems, ***4 14, are unique to this book. Fifth, "The first time I opened this book, the author spoke from the clouds ..." Later, this paragraph was the only introduction in the book, which was confused with the text and became the beginning of the text. At the end of each poem, the word "October" is added to the front of the poem. There are many poems in this format, and the next seven laws are: "It's hard to be busy. The party is over. Sorrow and joy are still illusory. Dreams in ancient and modern times are ridiculous. It is said that black tea cries badly. More infatuated and bitter. Every word looks like blood. Ten years of hard work is unusual. " The couplet "every word is like blood, and ten years of hard work is extraordinary" is a household name and is often quoted by works in red.

Back to page 1, there is an extra paragraph between the sentence "different gods" in line 1 at the bottom of page 4 and the sentence "use your magic and you will" at the top and bottom of page 5, which is just two pages and more than 400 words. The fifth time, Jia Baoyu dreamed in a dreamland and married the sister of a police phantom beauty, each with its own differences.

There are many kinds of this book, such as eyebrow approval, side approval, double-line approval and back-and-forth approval, without signature and date. Among them, Zhu Mo's double-row transcription is a major feature of this book. It was not approved nine times. This unique comment on writing is in Chapters 6 and 8. Fat criticism is far more than other fat copies, especially some important comments he doesn't have. For example, 1' s poem "Full of Absurd Words" criticized that "only those who can solve it can cry bitterly into this book." New Year's Eve. Qin cried to death before the book was finished. I tried to cry Qin, but my tears had run out. Every time I look for Green Ridge Peak, I always ask exemptions, why don't I see the monk? Hey! "This comment on writing is the primary basis for those who think that Cao Xueqin died in Renwu (1763).

It is worth noting that this book does not avoid the word "Xuan" of Emperor Kangxi.

There are several afterwords of Liu Quanfu in the book, as well as his friends Pu Wenxian and Pu Wenchang. Hu Shi, Yu Pingbo and Zhou also wrote inscriptions for it. The paper is yellow and crisp, and it has been mounted once. Back to page 13, half a corner is missing, and the joint between the backing paper and the original book is stamped with the seal of "Reprinted by Liu Quanfuzi".

Jia Xu was originally named Liu, a native of Daxing in Qing Dynasty. He was born in a drum tower in Beijing and passed it on to his son Liu Quanfu. Liu Quanfu's postscript in Tongzhi 2 years (1863) and Tongzhi 7 years (1868) is very insightful. In addition, Liu Quanfu's friend Sun's Mianzhou (Department of the Left Mad Taoist) wrote more than 30 comments. After that, the circulation is unknown This copy appeared in Shanghai in the summer of 1927. It was bought at a high price for Mr. Hu Shi who just returned to China. The first time was copying. Hu Shi called this book Jiaxu according to the above Chinese character number. 1, named "Dream of Red Mansions" with the year number of the official branch for the first time, and thought that Jiaxu was "the oldest and most valuable book in the world", so Mr. Yizhi regarded this book as a lifelong secretary and did not show it to others easily. 1948 12 16, Hu Shi went south and left in a hurry. All his books were left (collected by Peking University Library), and he only took away sixteen JOE and another Cheng Yi. 1962 After Hu Shi's death, he sent this book to Cornell University Library in the United States, and it has been purchased by Shanghai Museum.

196 1 May, Hu Shi sent this copy to Taipei Commercial Press for photocopying and publication. This photocopy is Zhu Mo's two-color overprint, which contains 500 copies of Hu Shi's "Re-evaluation of the Stone Story by Copying Ganlong Xujia Zhiyan Zhai" and the postscript. In June of the following year, the Shanghai Editorial Department of Zhonghua Book Company reprinted this edition in Zhu Mo. There are two kinds: a. One letter and two volumes in thread, retaining Hu Shi's preface and postscript; B. According to the original four volumes, Hu Shi's handwriting is exhausted, including Mr. Yu Pingbo's postscript and Chronology of A Dream of Red Mansions, which was published in Chinese mainland. 197365438+February Shanghai People's Publishing House reprinted it according to the 62nd edition, deleted the postscript and bound it into four volumes; The paperback edition was published in May. Photocopyed by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House in September, 1985, according to Taiwan Province Business Edition.

2. Self-reliance

Also known as fat diet book, fat museum book. The title of the stone is on the cover. At the end of each volume, the words "Red inkstone reevaluates the stone volume" are written. The second volume is called "Four Readings and Four Comments on Zhiyanzhai", and the third volume is called "Ding Yueben", hence the name "Bazaar". It was twenty-four years of Qianlong (1759).

Save it forty times. That is, 1 to 20 cycles, 3 1 to 40 cycles, and 6 1 to 70 cycles (the 60th cycle and the 67th cycle were originally missing, which were copied by later generations Wu Yu 'an according to the elevation system). The total content of the volume 1 is missing, 1 is missing three and a half pages at the beginning of the cycle, one and a half pages at the end of the cycle 10, and one quarter of a page at the end of the cycle 70. Ten times a volume, * * * four volumes, each half 10 line, each line varies from 25 to 30 words. There is also 1 volume, with three full cycles and two half cycles. Namely, the second half of the 55th cycle, the 586th to 58th cycles and the first half of the 59th cycle.

A Dream of Red Mansions, the title of the book at the end of the thirty-fourth chapter, is the first book with the title of Dream of Red Mansions. If it is not added by later bibliophiles, it means that Cao Xueqin once took A Dream of Red Mansions as the title.

This book is of the same ancestry as Chen Geng's, and the two books have many features. Memories 17 and 18 were not separated, * * * enjoyed the reply, 19 did not reply, and the replies of 64 and 67 were original, the same as those of Chen Geng. This edition has fewer words than the Chen Geng edition, but more words than the Chen Geng edition, with more accurate semantics. Especially in the first five chapters, the characters are quite different. The original book may be earlier than Chen Geng's book, and it is recognized that it has a deep origin with Chen Geng's book, and it is the same clan as Chen Geng's book. Books 64 and 67 are copied from another banknote book, and the characters are the same as those in Cheng Gaoben's system. See the end of chapter 67 "The Story of the Stone". According to the banknotes of Qianlong period, Wu Yu 'an made up this copy. "

This book has no complicated eyebrows and side criticism, and its face is clean. The vast majority of comments are written in double lines in the text, accounting for 7 17, which are the same as Chen Geng's version except for one more word. Before 1 1 cycle, there were no comments, only 12 was written on the right side of the text, which was found in the 6th cycle and 10 cycle. These side batches are unique.

The dried bamboo paper used is thin and slightly thick, ribbed, khaki and dark in color. The periphery is brown and worn. The clip is darker than the paper. The collation of Zhu Bi is clear from the old to the new, with red being dark and purple being light. The comment on writing in the clip is quite bright red.

There are six notes in this book, which make up for the shortcomings of the notes in this book. The first one is the annotation "Fu Chang 'an City" in the text of 1 The second is the fourth "official protection statement"; The third is a poem for the fifth time; The fourth is the sixth poem; The fifth sheet indicates that the total batch will be copied twice as low before the second return; The sixth is the comment back to 19, with the text attached, and the other is recorded before the reply.

The text of this book begins with "just enjoying flowers and pruning bamboo, drinking and reciting poems", and Tao Zhu copied the first three and a half pages. There are two corrections in this edition due to the collation of Ding Hainian (1947) and Ji Ugly Year (1949) according to the edition and edition.

The text of Jimao avoids the taboo of "Xuan" and "Zi", and the taboo of "Xiang" and "filial piety" of the King of Iraq and two generations. Judging from this, this banknote is the original banknote hidden by Xiao Hongfu, Prince of Iraq in Qing Dynasty. Yifu is a famous bibliophile in Qing Dynasty, which has been handed down for more than a hundred years. The Song and Yuan Dynasties were exquisitely carved, and the beds were stacked and the finished products were many orphans. Huang Anxiang, the father of Xiao Hong, is the son of Kangxi (13), and the Cao family is closely related to him, so the basis may come from the Cao family. This book was acquired by the famous bibliophile Dong Kang in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Dong became a traitor in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and died in prison after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. This book belongs to his friend Tao Zhu. Later, Tao Zhu gave the book to the Beijing Library. The present National Library of Tibet.

A broken copy of the base

In addition, in the winter of 1959, a remnant volume appeared in China Bookstore of Liulichang, which was purchased by China History Museum. Now it is hidden in this museum.

Save three whole times and two and a half times. Namely, the second half of the 55th cycle, the 56th to 58th cycles and the first half of the 59th cycle. * * * More than 52 pages, bound into one volume. The format of the signature is the same as that of the bazaar, avoiding the words "item" and "small". Judging from this, this is the missing part of the missing version. However, this book is ink-colored, and there is no Zhu Pi.

There are only 30 comments in this remnant volume, which is consistent with the type and quantity of comments in this part of Geng, and 1 1 is slightly different.

3. Geng Chenben

Also known as Zhijing Ben. The title of the stone is on the cover. At the beginning of each volume, it is marked "Zhi Yan Zhai reads and comments every four times". At the end of each volume, the words "Red inkstone reevaluates the stone volume" are written. Volume 5-8 is named Geng with the title of "Geng Yue Ding Ben" or "Geng Ding Ben" on the cover. The year of Chen Geng is twenty-five years of Qianlong (1760).

Save it 78 times. That is, 1 to 80 cycles, and the original is missing the 64th and 67th cycles. Chapter 68 has been stripped of about 600 words, and it is estimated that a page has been lost. Ten times a volume, ***8 volumes, each half 10 line, 30 words per line. In this edition, chapters 17 and 18 are not separated, and * * enjoys a reply, while chapter 19 has no reply, and chapters 64 and 67 are missing, which is the same as the original edition. Besides, there is no 80th reply in this book. Looking back, the two lines are juxtaposed, but this line, like Zheng's book collection, is a single-line straight book.

This background is quite early, with the most complete features and credible characters. It should be Cao Xueqin's last book before his death. Cao Xueqin's original text and Zhi Yanzhai's comment on writing are the best preserved, and almost all the names of the year and month in Zhi Pi exist in this book.

At the end of chapter 22 of this book, there is a missing article after the mystery of spring, which records that "break it later and make it up as soon as possible." Another page reads: "Remember Baochai's riddle: Who wore two sleeves of incense in the court?" . ..... ""At this time, Qin passed away. Alas! Ding Xiahai, abnormal "and other words. Later generations supplemented two enigmatic poems by Baoyu and Baochai, and mistakenly changed the mystery to Daiyu. Chapter 75 The Mid-Autumn Festival poem disappeared, and a page was written in front of it, saying, "On the seventh day of May in the 21st year of Qianlong, it was clear. Mid-Autumn Festival poetry is short, as soon as Xueqin. "In Chapter 19, the words" the name of the small study "are empty, and most of the lines of the words" I want to be there naturally "are empty. These defects can be used to identify patches of his offspring.

There are many kinds of this book, such as eyebrow criticism, side criticism, double-sided criticism and back-to-back criticism. There are more than 2,000 written comments than any other book, including all the double-line comments of Ji Mao's book (except one word). Among them, there are a number of very important comments on writing, such as the 20th Criticism of Brush Eyebrows.