Ancient city walls and moats Beijing ancient city walls have a long history, and the final layout was gradually formed when Judy was in power in the Ming Dynasty. According to historical records, the circumference of the ancient city wall in Beijing is about 24 kilometers, the wall base is 24 meters wide and the wall height is 12- 14 meters. All of them are rammed earth walls, with wall bricks on the surface and a thickness of 8 8- 10/0m. An important purpose of the wall in the era of cold weapons is defense, so it is extremely strong.
Pedestrians under the ancient city wall In fact, the demolition of the ancient city wall in Beijing began in the early years of the Republic of China. After the founding of the Republic of China, automobiles have appeared in China. In order to improve the traffic environment, Beijing authorities dug holes in the city wall. 19 12 years, Beiyang government demolished the four-door urn cities of Zuo 'an, You 'an, Dongbian and Bian Xi in order to build the railway around the city. Since then, the ancient city of Beijing is no longer connected, and ordinary people can freely enter and leave through a hole.
Objectively speaking, with the development of modern society, the ancient city wall of Beijing has an influence on the development of Beijing, which is also the reason why Liang Sicheng and Chen Zhanxiang put forward the "Chen Liang Plan". When New China was founded, the ancient wall of Beijing was in disrepair, dilapidated and difficult to manage, and traffic accidents and personal injuries often occurred, which did not conform to the face of the capital of New China.
Xibianmen Wengcheng Xibianmen is a small city gate at the southwest end of Waicheng, which is located next to the watchtower at the southwest end of Beijing city wall. It is mainly composed of watchtower, watchtower and Wengcheng. The city gate was built late and was once said to be "partial". In the forty-third year of Jiajing (1564), in order to defend against the harassment of Mongolian cavalry, strengthen Beijing's defense and ensure Beijing's security, an outer city was built to surround the southern suburbs, and finally a Xibianmen was built at the westernmost end of the outer city.
The core idea of "Chen Liang Plan" overlooking the ancient wall of Beijing is to move the new urban area to the west of the Yuetan outside Fuxingmen and around the Gongzhufen, making it an extension of the West Chang 'an Avenue in the old city and a link between the new and the old city. At the same time, Diaoyutai and Yuyuantan will be built into new parks and green spaces. Simply put, it is to preserve the ancient city (including the ancient city wall) and then build a new administrative center to keep the charm of the ancient city of Beijing to a minimum.
The ancient city of Beijing within the ancient city wall was demolished, and the husband scheme of Barannik, a Soviet expert, occupied the mainstream opinion. The plan proposes to build the new China Capital Administrative Center on both sides of Chang 'an Avenue with Tiananmen Square as the center. Barannik believed that there was no big industry in Beijing at that time, but as the capital of new China, it was not only a city of culture, science and art, but also a big industrial city.
It's a pity that foreigners are on the wall. Liang Sicheng and Chen Zhanxiang's proposal was not adopted. 1In June, 953, the Beijing Municipal Committee set up a planning group, which was called "Changguanlou Group" because it worked in Changguanlou of Beijing Zoo. From then on, the opinions of Liang Sicheng and Chen Zhanxiang were no longer adopted by the team members.
Liang Sicheng came up with something when the ancient city wall was demolished. He wrote to many people to explain the value of the ancient city wall, but it ended in failure. Finally, Liang Sicheng even said: "If there is another war, the crib of the city wall is still a good place for machine guns." At that time, there was a view in Beijing that "the palace was the center and layers of walls were added outside, which fully reflected the feudal emperor's self-centered, feudal rule maintenance and farmers' non-rebellion". "
The spectacular ancient city wall Liang Sicheng thinks that the ancient city wall is the greatest charm of Beijing, and its existence makes Beijing look more complete. Liang Sicheng also put forward a suggestion: "In the crisp autumn season, people living in cities can climb high and overlook the whole city, the gray western hills in the northwest and the endless plains in the southeast, so they can be so close to nature and have a magnificent mind." There are also towers and turrets that can be turned into cultural centers or small libraries, museums and tea shops; The moat can lead into Yongding River, boating in summer and skating in winter. "