1, parallel combination
Parallel combined space refers to the spatial combination mode formed by parallel connection of spatial units with the same functional attributes and structural characteristics in a repetitive manner. This combination is simple and quick, and is suitable for building space with relatively single function.
Such as classrooms, dormitories, hospital wards, hotel rooms, residential units, kindergartens, etc. The forms of these spaces are basically similar, and there is no clear master-slave relationship between them. According to different use requirements, it can be connected or not.
2. Series space combination
Due to the requirements of function or form, the order of each combined spatial unit is clear, and they are connected in series to form a spatial sequence, which is arranged linearly, so this combination mode is also called "sequence combination" or "linear combination". These spaces can be directly connected one after another, or the branches can be connected by connecting rings.
The former is suitable for those buildings where people have to pass through all parts of the space in turn, and its combination form is bound to form a sequence. Such as exhibition halls, memorial halls and exhibition halls. The latter is suitable for buildings with many branches and complicated internal branches, such as general hospitals, large railway stations and airports.
In order to create a magnificent atmosphere, the ancient palace buildings in China have designed a spatial sequence with complete structure and repeated climaxes, which also belongs to this combination mode, such as the Forbidden City in Beijing. In the spatial sequence of series combination, the space with important functions or symbols can be highlighted by changing the size and shape.
Emphasize by its position, such as at the beginning and end of a sequence, deviating from a linear combination or at a turning point of change. In addition, the spatial combination of high-rise buildings can also be attributed to series combination, and the vertical traffic core vertically connects the spaces of each floor in series.
The combination of parallel and serial spaces has strong adaptability, which can match various site conditions. The line type can be straight or curved, and it is suitable for buildings with not very complicated functional requirements.
3. Centralized combination mode
Centralized composition is usually a stable centripetal composition, which consists of a certain number of secondary spaces around a larger dominant central space. The dominant space in the center is generally in a regular shape, and there should be enough space for the secondary space to gather around; The function and volume of secondary space can be exactly the same or different to meet the needs of function and environment.
Generally speaking, the centralized combination itself has no clear direction, and its entrance and guiding part are mostly located in a secondary space. This spatial combination is suitable for large-space buildings such as stadiums and opera houses, and many churches in ancient western countries also adopt this spatial combination.
4. Radial combination
This spatial combination has the characteristics of concentration and continuity. It consists of a central space and several radially expanding series spaces. The radial combined space extends outward through the existing branches and is closely integrated with the surrounding environment.
The function, shape and structure of these radial branch spaces can be the same or different, and the length can be long or short to adapt to different base environment changes. This spatial combination is often used in mountain hotels and large office groups. In addition, the "windmill" combination commonly used in design also belongs to a variant of radial type.
5. Unit combination
Divide the space into several units, and each unit is connected by traffic space to form a unit combination. The internal functions of units are similar or closely related, and the relationship between units is loose, with the same or similar morphological characteristics.
Courtyard architecture commonly used in practice belongs to this combination. The combination of units may adopt some geometric concepts, such as symmetry or staggered, which are often used in resorts, sanatoriums, kindergartens, hospitals, cultural centers, libraries and other buildings.
6, network format combination
This combination way is to organize and contact the functional space of the building according to two-dimensional or three-dimensional grids as modular units, which is called grid format combination. In architectural design, this kind of grid is generally established by beams and columns of structural system. Because the grid has the characteristic of repeating spatial modulus, it can be increased, decreased or superimposed, while the identity of the grid remains unchanged.
This combined space has the characteristics of regularity and continuity, standardized structure, few types of components, uniform stress, changeable architectural space contour, strong combination ability and strong adaptability, and is widely used in various buildings.
7, axis alignment combination
In this way, the space is located on the axis, and each space is effectively organized through the axis relationship. Although the axis alignment combination does not necessarily have a clear geometric form, everything is controlled by the axis, and the spatial relationship is clear and orderly.
There can be one or more axes in a building, and there are major axes and minor axes with different elevations. Axis can play the role of guiding behavior, make the spatial sequence more orderly, and also present a continuous landscape line in the visual effect of space. Sometimes the axis is often endowed with some cultural connotations, which enhances the artistry of the space.
Extended data
The spatial combination of public buildings is mainly to deal with the relationship between the above three. Different pendulum methods can form different spatial combinations.
Various types of buildings, because of their different uses and properties, have different requirements for the size and quantity of main use parts and auxiliary rooms, and are generally designed according to the requirements of the design task book. In the design, through investigation and study, we can make appropriate adjustments according to the specific situation.
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Baidu encyclopedia-on the combination of architectural space