(A) the classification of construction drawings

Construction drawings are divided into:

1. The home page of the building (referred to as the home page for short) includes the drawing catalogue and the general description of the design.

2. Construction drawings (referred to as buildings). It is mainly used to indicate the planning location, external modeling, indoor room layout, internal and external decoration, structure and structural requirements of the building. Its contents mainly include general plan, plan, elevation, section and detail.

3. Structural construction drawing (hereinafter referred to as construction). It mainly indicates the structural type, structural layout, structural type, quantity, size and practice of building load-bearing structure. Its contents include structural design description, structural layout and structural details.

4. Equipment installation construction drawing (referring to electricity and water, etc.). ). Equipment installation may include many professional drawings, mainly explaining the layout and construction requirements of water supply and drainage, HVAC, power supply, lighting, gas and other equipment of the building. It mainly includes layout drawing, system drawing and detailed drawings of various equipment. This book focuses on electrical construction drawings, pipeline construction drawings and automation instrument construction drawings.

(2) the sequence of construction drawings

Construction drawings should be arranged in professional order, generally including drawing catalogue, general drawing and description, architectural drawing, structural drawing, water supply and drainage drawing, HVAC drawing, electrical drawing and weak current drawing.

Second, the general provisions of the construction drawings

In order to make the drawings of buildings basically uniform, clear and concise, ensure the quality of drawings, meet the requirements of design, construction and filing, and meet the needs of national engineering construction, the Ministry of Construction, together with relevant departments, approved and promulgated a series of national drawing standards. This standard requires all engineers and technicians to strictly implement it in design, construction and management.

(a) Width and format of drawings

Drawing format refers to the size and specification of the drawing itself. The drawing frame is the boundary line of the drawing range provided on the drawing sheet.

(2) Proportion

The proportion of the pattern should be the proportion of the linear dimension corresponding to the pattern and the object. Proportion refers to the ratio, such as 1:50, 1: 100, 1:200, etc. The scale should be written on the right side of the drawing name, giving priority to the commonly used scale. Generally speaking, a mode should choose a scale.

(3) Size and unit

Dimensions are marked in the construction drawing as the main basis for construction and production. Dimensions consist of numbers and units. The general plan is in meters and the rest in millimeters.

(4) Positioning shaft

Positioning axis is a dimensional datum line used to determine the position of the main structure and components of a building. All load-bearing components, such as walls, columns, beams and roof trusses. The positioning axis should be drawn and numbered as the benchmark for positioning during construction. The positioning axis is represented by a single point long drawing line, and the end is drawn by a thin solid circle with a diameter of 8 mm ~10 mm. The center of the positioning axis circle should be on the extension line of the positioning axis or on the multi-segment line of the extension line. Mark the numbers in the circle.

The number of the positioning axis on the building plane should be marked on the lower or left side of the drawing. Horizontal numbers should be written in Arabic numerals from left to right; The vertical numbers shall be written in capital Latin letters from bottom to top, as shown in figure 1- 1- 18. I, o and z in capital Latin letters should not be used as the number of axes, so as not to be confused with the numbers 1, 0 and 2.