First, the content classification of interior design
Interior design is a comprehensive subject with extensive contents and strong professionalism, which can be roughly divided into the following four parts:
1. The spatial image design is to deal with the internal space provided by the building, to deal with the internal space defined by the building for the second time, and to redefine it on the basis of the existing spatial scale. Under the premise of not violating the basic principles and ergonomics principles, the relationship between proportion and proportion is reinterpreted, and the problems of unity, contrast and connection with line after transformation are solved well.
2. Interior decoration design, mainly according to certain design requirements, deals with six interfaces of building interior space, namely, ceiling, wall, ground, and internal interfaces such as solid and semi-solid that divide the space. If conditions permit, the building interface itself can also be treated.
Learning interior decoration design is closely combined with practical engineering, and it is also an important step to realize the designer's design intention. In modern interior design education, it is also a breakthrough to combine design creativity with time.
3. Indoor physical environment design, this part is mainly about the quality and adjustment of indoor space environment, mainly about the design and treatment of indoor somatosensory climate: heating, ventilation, temperature adjustment and so on. This is an extremely important aspect of modern design, and it is also an integral part of the "people-oriented" design idea. With the development of the times, the humanized design and construction of artificial environment has become the standard to measure the quality of indoor environment.
In this process, the development and application of science and technology plays an important role, which mainly refers to various methods, means, instruments and equipment that can transform the indoor environmental quality. However, the indoor environmental quality also includes the introduction of environmental visual perception, for example, using the attraction of external natural environmental factors to change the indoor visual environmental quality.
4. The art design of indoor furnishings mainly involves the design of indoor furniture, equipment, decorative fabrics, furnishings, lighting and greening.
The above four parts explain what interior design should include in the design process, and the classification of interior design can be roughly divided into three categories: residential interior design, limited interior design and non-limited interior design. In the interior design of living environment, it mainly refers to the design of residential environment such as houses, various apartments and dormitories. The interior design of limited public space mainly refers to the internal space of schools, kindergartens, office buildings and churches; Interior design of unrestricted public space mainly refers to hotels, cinemas, entertainment spaces, exhibition spaces, libraries, gymnasiums, railway stations, terminal buildings, shops, comprehensive commercial facilities, etc.
There are many kinds of interior design, and the professional content covers a wide range. How to handle it well through design coordination requires interior designers to have high artistic accomplishment, master modern science and technology, materials and technology knowledge, and have the ability to solve practical problems.
Second, the interior design procedures
This includes two aspects, namely, the drawing operation procedure of interior design and the project construction procedure of interior design. On the whole, the final result of interior design is a four-dimensional space entity containing time elements, which is completed in the process of drawing two-dimensional planes. It is obviously a very difficult task to complete spatial representation with four-dimensional elements in two-dimensional plane drawing. Therefore, it is necessary to mobilize all possible visual communication tools for interior design and drawing operations. Spatial expression in design education has become the main content of design education.
The expression forms of length in the drawing operation stage mainly include: hand drawing (sketching, copying and tracing), orthographic projection (plane, elevation, section and detail node), perspective view (one point perspective, two points perspective and three points perspective) and axial side view. Freehand drawing is mainly used for the sketch operation of plane functional layout and spatial image conception; Orthographic drawing is mainly used for scheme and construction drawing operation; Perspective is the best expression of the visual image design scheme of indoor space. At present, there are two ways to express the drawing: hand-drawing and computer-making, but they are all for explaining the space and expressing the design intention.
For interior design, drawing operation procedures are basically set according to the flow of design thinking. Generally, it goes through three stages: conceptual design, scheme design and construction design. Among them, the layout of plane function and the conceptual sketch of space image are the themes of drawing operation in the conceptual design stage; Perspective and plan are the themes of drawing operation in the scheme design stage; Section drawing and detail node detail drawing are the themes of drawing operation in construction drawing design stage. There is no strict control over the concrete realization of drawing in each stage, and the mutual infiltration of graphic languages is a common drawing operation mode.
2. Project implementation procedure of interior design This procedure consists of the following steps: formulation of design task book, social investigation of project design content, project conceptual design and professional coordination, scheme determination and construction drawing design, material selection and construction supervision. Among them, the project conceptual design and construction drawing design are closely combined with our current design education.
Although interior design major has been set up in many colleges and universities in China, the standardized and systematic teaching mechanism needs to be further improved and developed. At the same time, with the rapid pace of economic development in China, interior design has entered a period of rapid development, and a large number of buildings and more interior spaces have been born. Therefore, a large number of excellent interior designers are needed to intervene, and various educational methods such as self-study exams are adapting to the needs of this era, reflecting its timeliness.
Its purpose is very clear, that is, to coordinate the rationality of the space that people adapt to within various conditions, so that its design results can influence and change people's living conditions.
The most fundamental thing to achieve this goal is the conceptual source of design, that is, what is the initial creative motivation and whether it is suitable.
The design scheme can meet the requirements and solve the problems, and the way to obtain this concept should rely on scientific and rational analysis to find the problems and then put forward the methods to solve the problems. The whole process is a gradual and natural incubation process, and the designer's design concept should flow naturally like running water on the basis of his own considerable known information, instead of the sudden venting of personal consciousness in pure artistic activities. Of course, the rational analysis of function and the perfect combination of artistic forms in design depend on the designer's inherent quality cultivation and practical experience, which requires the designer to extensively dabble in different kinds of knowledge and have a positive attitude and keen observation on everything. The complicated process of analysis and research is a hard and long-lasting process, and one's efforts cannot be completed perfectly. Personnel assistance and teamwork are the key points. Although a single designer or a single graphic engineer or material engineer can exist independently, they can't.
What can be avoided will be ignored and only a well-coordinated design team can complete it.
Design planning stage
The design is based on data sharing, whether there is a perfect investigation, horizontal comparison and a large number of search materials.
Summarize and sort out, find shortcomings, find problems, and then analyze and supplement. This repeated process will make your design gradually clear in ambiguity and no way to start. Take the design of a computer franchise store as an example. First of all, we must understand its management level, which level of dealers it belongs to, and determine the design scale and scope. Obtain the company's personnel distribution ratio, management mode, business philosophy and brand advantage to determine the fuzzy direction of design. The design methods of other similar spaces are compared and investigated horizontally, and the existing problems and experiences, the advantages and disadvantages of their location and traffic conditions, how to use public facilities and how to solve unfavorable contradictions are obtained. The general scope of customers and determine the design of software facilities. Personnel flow and internal work, rational planning of routes. These should be analyzed and solved in detail in the stage of data collection and analysis. At this stage, we should also put forward a reasonable concept of preliminary design, that is, the direction of artistic expression.
Summary analysis stage
After all this, we should put forward a perfect and idealized spatial function analysis diagram, that is, abandon the actual plane and
Completely and absolutely reasonable functional planning. Not referring to the actual plane is to avoid framing the designer's perceptual thinking because of preconceived ideas. Although sometimes you don't feel the existence of restrictions, the original plane is bound to be permeated with some design concepts, which will inevitably make you rotate in.
When the foundation is perfect, it will enter the substantive design stage, and field investigation and detailed measurement are extremely necessary.
The spatial imagination of paper is very different from the actual spatial feeling. Knowing the actual pipeline and light will help you narrow the gap between design and actual effect. At this time, how to integrate your ideal design into the actual space is what you have to do at this stage. An important feature of interior design is that there is no perfect design but the most suitable design, and all designs have shortcomings, because any design is limited, and the purpose of design is to reduce the influence of unfavorable conditions on users through design under limited conditions. It is a reasonable and people-oriented plane planning principle to gradually implement the ideal design scheme into the actual drawings from large to small, and inevitably sacrifice some secondary space caused by conflicts. After the spatial planning is completed, the downward direction is to improve the layout of furniture and equipment. With a good start, the downward movement will proceed very quickly and naturally.
Design and development stage
In the process of transforming plane into three-dimensional space, the original design concept should be perfected and realized in the three-dimensional effect. In fact,
Now it's material, color, lighting, lighting.
The choice of materials must first obey the design budget, which is a realistic problem. Single or complex materials are the reasons.
Design the concept and determine it. Although the application of low-cost but reasonable materials is far stronger than the stacking of luxury materials, of course, excellent materials can perfectly reflect the ideal design effect, but it does not mean that a reasonable design cannot be created with a low budget. The key is how to choose. Color is an indispensable factor to embody the design concept, which complements materials. Daylighting and lighting create an atmosphere. It is not unreasonable to say that the art of interior design is the art of light, although it is exaggerated. art
The form of art is finally conveyed to people through visual expression. The realization of these designs ultimately depends on the three-dimensional presentation to the owners, and designers also improve their own designs through three-dimensional presentation. In this way, the performance chart can affect the success of the scheme, but it will not be the decisive factor. It is only a means and method of assistance and design. Never put the cart before the horse to highlight the effectiveness of the performance, and the design itself should be the decisive factor.