Official document practical writing refers to the official document practical writing published in the name of the party and state organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions. Such as notices, circulars, replies, instructions, decisions, orders, instructions, official letters, etc. This kind of practical writing is often solemn and suitable for specific occasions.
Transactional practical writing is an applied style to deal with daily affairs, which generally includes invitations, investigation reports, rules and regulations and various evaluations. In order to arrange the style of this book in a unified way, and according to the characteristics of all kinds of daily practical writing, the daily practical writing is divided into the following categories.
(1) Social Etiquette
This is a kind of practical writing suitable for social occasions, which exists entirely to promote the development of bilateral relations and is also a manifestation of people's civilized communication. There are differences between people, old and young in an orderly way. Etiquette is to grasp the proportion in social interaction and properly grasp the relationship between the two sides. Etiquette practical writing is a daily practical writing formed on the basis of mutual equality and respect.
Etiquette daily practical writing mainly includes the following common styles: invitation, welcome speech, greeting speech, farewell speech, invitation letter, inscription, condolence letter, commendation letter, thank-you letter, congratulatory letter, congratulatory message, message, etc.
(2) Poster notification category
Poster-style daily practical writing refers to a widely publicized practical writing, which can be posted in public, played and published through the media. This kind of practical writing is widely used and can be seen in almost every street, factory and school.
Posters generally include some practical writing styles, such as essay, marriage, advertisement, searching for you, searching for you, recruitment advertisement, enrollment advertisement and posters.
(3) Bills and contracts
This is a common practical article sent by both parties to the transaction as a voucher or to explain some problems in transaction communication. This practical writing is short and pithy, and can be used at any time.
Generally speaking, the practical writing of note deeds can be divided into the following categories: IOUs, IOUs, receipts, leave notes, notes, entrustment sheets, reminders, gift sheets, message sheets, etc. With the popularization and use of all kinds of bills on the right track, the writing form of this practical writing will gradually decrease.
(4) Letters from home and love letters
In all kinds of interpersonal communication, interpersonal communication should be the most frequent way of communication. Since ancient times, no matter how friends greet and express their concern, or how lovers love and express their love, letters have been used in this form. Letters and love letters from great men and celebrities often give a lot of inspiration and help to others or future generations, so such letters have left us a rich cultural heritage, some of which can also be regarded as models of literary works. So we put the love letters at home into one category for readers.
This kind of letters mainly include the following types: letters to elders, letters to younger generations, letters to brothers and sisters, letters to relatives and friends, love letters for first love, love letters for courtship, love letters and so on.
(5) Special letters
Special letter is an application with letter format, and the object of mailing or the purpose of using it is a specific application. Generally speaking, this kind of letter can be divided into many kinds, such as consultation letter, introduction letter, confirmation letter, recommendation letter, application letter, employment letter, resume, explanation, victory letter, guarantee letter, proposal, repentance letter and so on.
(6) Application category
Practical writing should belong to a branch of special correspondence, but because of its special use, it has its own outstanding characteristics, that is, begging, so it is a special category here.
The daily practical writing of the application category can generally include applying for joining the League, applying for joining the Party, applying for housing, applying for hardship allowance, and applying for resignation.
(7) couplets
Couplets are a practical style with a strong cultural tradition, which people will use at weddings, funerals, banquets, birthdays and seasonal changes. It has strict writing requirements and is generally not suitable for ordinary people. But because it is indispensable in some necessary occasions, we also introduce couplets.
Common practical couplets include festival couplets, birthday couplets, wedding couplets, wedding couplets, elegiac couplets and scenic couplets.
(8) Obituary eulogy
This is a daily practical article about mourning the dead. Some of these styles are only suitable for special occasions, while others are widely used in folk. It is also necessary to know the basic format of his writing. Generally speaking, this kind of practical writing can include six kinds: obituary, condolence, memorial ceremony, funeral table, eulogy and inscription.
(9) English
With the deepening of reform and opening up and the strengthening of various international exchanges, commonly used English letters have also penetrated into our daily lives. Therefore, this book specially selects some of the most practical English daily practical articles for a brief introduction. Although there are some omissions, I hope it will help readers.
There are five kinds of English practical writing introduced here: cover letter, letter of introduction, application for admission, invitation letter and resume attached.
2. What are the main styles of official document writing? The main styles of official document writing are: 1, report 2, meeting minutes 3, notice 4, instruction 5, closing speech 6, letter 7, order 8, announcement 9, resolution 10, briefing1,proposal1. Plan: 1. Official document writing: official document writing refers to the drafting and revision of official documents, and it is a writing activity in which the writer makes a statement on behalf of the organ, reflecting the intention and will of the organ leaders.
Modern official documents mainly refer to documents with legal effect and normative style formed by party and government organs in the process of implementing leadership and administrative management, and are important tools for leadership management and official activities. It also refers to the official documents formulated and used by various organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions at all levels.
Second, the classification of official document writing: official documents can be divided into two categories according to their nature: general official documents and special official documents. General official documents are divided into upper writing, parallel writing and lower writing according to the writing direction; According to the circulation source, it is divided into communication, post and text; According to the author's nature, it is divided into official documents within the party, administrative documents and social organization documents; According to the nature of the post, it is divided into questions and replies; According to the requirements of content processing, it is divided into reference documents and undertaking documents; According to the processing time requirements, it is divided into urgent documents, urgent documents and ordinary documents; According to the classification, it is divided into top secret documents, confidential documents, secret documents and ordinary documents; According to its characteristics and functions, it can be divided into normative documents, imperative documents, reportable documents, informative documents and recorded documents.
Ordinary official documents can be divided into administrative official documents and business official documents according to language types. According to 12' s Provisions on Handling Official Documents of Party and Government Organs, the types of administrative official documents include the following 15: orders, decisions, announcements, notices, circulars, motions, reports, requests for instructions, replies, opinions, letters, minutes, bulletins and resolutions.
Official documents include: plan, summary, research report, leaders' speeches, typical materials, etc. Special official documents refer to written materials with specific content and format, which are formed and used by organs with specific functions in specific fields.
It mainly includes: financial documents (market survey reports, economic contracts), judicial documents (indictments, judgments, transcripts), diplomatic documents (credentials, bills, passports, treaties) and military documents. References:
Baidu encyclopedia official document writing.
3. What are the main styles of official document writing? Memos, letters, four opinions and plans belonging to state administrative organs (including planning) are complicated, namely, decisions, obituaries, notices, announcements, indefinite answers: bulletins, speeches and circulars.
Narrow official documents. The total number of the above languages clearly stipulated by the party and government organs is 27.
Now, bills and regulations; The difference is also 9, ask for instructions. Nine of them are the same, asking for instructions, that is, orders (orders), reports, special letters, decisions, opinions, including summaries, regulations, reports, motions, and commonly used practical texts, letters, circulars, briefings, notices, reports, systems, regulations, meeting minutes, etc. of the party and state organs, which are called legal languages, investigation reports, rules and regulations (official documents).
There are mainly 13 kinds of official documents and schemes of state administrative organs, among which there are 5 kinds belonging to party organs. In addition to the above-mentioned legal languages, replies and resolutions, these 18 languages, work points, codes, etc. Broadly speaking, official documents and meeting minutes are divided into broad sense and narrow sense, regulations and instructions. Generally speaking, there are mainly comprehensive work summaries and announcements, which refer to the words, instructions, decisions, replies and announcements formally stipulated by the party and state administrative organs respectively.
4. What are the official document writing? Mainly refers to the normative documents with legal effect formed by the party and government organs in the process of implementing leadership and administrative management, and is an important tool for leadership management and official activities.
It also refers to the official documents formulated and used by various organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions at all levels. The classification of official documents can be divided into general official documents and special official documents according to their nature.
General official documents are divided into upper writing, parallel writing and lower writing according to the writing direction; According to the circulation source, it is divided into communication, post and text; According to the author's nature, it is divided into official documents within the party, administrative documents and social organization documents; According to the nature of the post, it is divided into questions and replies; According to the requirements of content processing, it is divided into reference documents and undertaking documents; According to the processing time requirements, it is divided into urgent documents, urgent documents and ordinary documents; According to the classification, it is divided into top secret documents, confidential documents, secret documents and ordinary documents; According to its characteristics and functions, it can be divided into normative documents, imperative documents, reportable documents, informative documents and recorded documents. Ordinary official documents can be divided into administrative official documents and business official documents according to language types.
According to the Measures for Handling Official Documents of State Administrative Organs promulgated on August 24th, 2000, the types of administrative official documents include the following 13: orders, decisions, notices, circulars, motions, reports, requests for instructions, replies, opinions, letters and meeting minutes. Official documents include: plan, summary, research report, leaders' speeches, typical materials, etc.
Special official documents refer to written materials with specific content and format, which are formed and used by organs with specific functions in specific fields. It mainly includes: financial documents (market survey reports, economic contracts), judicial documents (indictments, judgments, transcripts), diplomatic documents (credentials, bills, passports, treaties) and military documents.
The components of an official document are generally composed of classification (top secret, confidential, secret) and duration of confidentiality, urgency (urgent, especially urgent), logo of issuing organ, document number, issuer, title, main sending organ, text, annex description, written date, seal, notes, attachments, subject words, cc organ, printing organ and printing date. The basic function of editing this paragraph of official document writing is to standardize the role of command.
Official documents are a means for leading organs at all levels to give orders and a tool for implementing leadership and handling official duties. Official documents can play the role of normative control, prohibition and organization and coordination in the implementation of leadership and management.
A sensible and understanding role. Leading organs at all levels need to communicate frequently when performing management functions and carrying out official activities, so as to be aware of it.
As a means to understand things, official documents are widely used in government work. The decision-making role of staff.
Leading organs at all levels and in all kinds of decision-making processes are inseparable from the collection, processing and application of information, and from investigation and consultation. Official documents are full of all kinds of information with their legal channels and efficiency, serving financial management and assisting the government.
Propaganda and public opinion Leading organs at all levels need effective publicity and public opinion support to implement leadership and handle official duties.
The execution of official documents is the core of propaganda and public opinion. Negotiation and liaison functions.
There are many things that need to be discussed, introduced and contacted among leading organs at all levels, and mutual understanding, support and cooperation can give play to the overall effect. Among them, official document writing is essential.
The function of storing vouchers. Official documents are the true records of the functional activities of leading organs at all levels and the basic basis for unifying thoughts and handling problems.
This is true when the official document is executed, and it remains true after it becomes a file. The main feature of official document writing: the functionality of the theme.
Official documents are tools and means to realize the management function of organs. In official documents, it is very clear what to encourage and curb, what to support and oppose, what to allow and what not to allow, whether to praise or belittle, whether to forbid, whether to advocate or abstain, whether to do or stop.
Reliability of materials. The factual materials, digital materials and theoretical materials used in official documents, as well as the laws, regulations, principles and policies on which they are based, must be true and accurate, and shall not be imagined, fabricated or fabricated.
The logic of structure. The thinking mode of official document writing is mainly logical thinking. Through concept, judgment and reasoning, through synthesis, comparison and demonstration, the writing idea is formed and the writing task is completed. Explanations, narratives and discussions are widely used, and literary means are used cautiously.
The plainness of writing style Strive for accuracy, vividness and image, and refrain from exaggeration, empty talk, falsehood and rhetoric. You can't say nothing or grandstanding. You must be true and clear.
Simple expression. The structure, hierarchy and language should be as simple as possible. On the premise of writing things and ideas clearly, clearly and thoroughly, the simpler the text, the better.
Normal posture. We should have a strong sense of style and genre, pay attention to the writing format and stylistic characteristics of official documents, and also pay attention to the additional marks of official documents.
The writing requirements of "applied writing" official documents conform to the principles, policies, laws, decrees and relevant regulations of the party and the state. The situation is true, the viewpoint is clear, the words are concise, the regulations are clear, the levels are clear, and the punctuation is correct.
Names, places, figures and quotations should be accurate. The date should generally be written in the specific year, month and day.
Numbers are generally written in Arabic numerals, except for writing time, ordinal numbers of some structural levels and numbers used as morphemes in phrases, idioms, abbreviations and rhetorical sentences. The role of official documents (1) leads and guides (2) contacts with official business (3) publicity and education (4) evidence basis (5) standardizes words and deeds.
5. What is the common sense of official document writing? 1. The theme of writing basic knowledge is the commander-in-chief and program of the article and the core of the article; The theme comes from the material, and the theme can't go first. We must proceed from reality and draw the theme from the material.
The manifestations of practical stylistic themes mainly include: ① direct exposition; ② Single concentration; (3) Italian service law; 4 words are important; ⑤ Make good use of headlines. The links in the structural arrangement of the article mainly include: selection angle; Set clues; Arrangement level; Divide paragraphs; Design the beginning and end; Handle the transition and care.
The structure of the article should be rigorous (accurate and impeccable), natural (logical and easy to open and close), complete (symmetrical and full, round from beginning to end) and unified (harmonious and consistent from beginning to end, never contradictory and self-contradictory). The commonly used expression methods in this article are narrative, descriptive, argumentative and explanatory, among which the expression methods of argumentative can be divided into: ① example; ② Metaphor method; ③ analogy method; ④ Contrast method; ⑤ Refutation method; 6 reduce to absurdity. The basic requirements of language use: appropriateness, appropriateness, accuracy, fluency, conciseness, vividness and power.
2. The characteristics and types of official documents, also known as official documents, are information records with normative style and legal effect that are directly formed and used in social activities. The personality differences between them and books, information, materials and other things are as follows: ① distribution by legal authors; (2) It has legal actual execution effect; (3) Having a standardized posture; (4) perform legal procedures. According to different standards, official documents can be classified as follows from different angles: (1) Official documents can be divided into general official documents and special official documents according to the field of official activities.
(2) According to the extent that the contents involve state secrets, official documents can be divided into six categories: public, domestic public, internal use, secret, confidential and top secret. (3) According to the writing direction, official documents can be divided into three categories: upper writing, lower writing and parallel prose. (4) According to the nature of the content, official documents can be divided into standardization, leadership guidance, publicity, manuscript and petition, negotiation and authentication.
(5) According to the requirements of processing time limit, official documents can be divided into three categories: ordinary official documents, urgent official documents and extremely urgent official documents. (6) official documents can be divided into two categories according to their sources: receiving documents and issuing documents.
3, * * system general document (1) normative documents. Used to make a comprehensive and systematic provision on a certain aspect of administrative work, the regulations of various departments and local people in the State Council shall not be called "regulations".
Rules. Used to do some administrative work in a certain aspect.
Way. Used to make more specific provisions on an administrative work.
(2) Leadership guidance documents (orders). Used to issue administrative regulations and rules according to relevant laws and regulations; Announce major tourism administrative compulsory measures; Reward and punish relevant personnel; Revoke inappropriate decisions of subordinate organs.
Decide. Used to make arrangements for important matters or major actions.
Signs. It is used to arrange work for subordinate organs and clarify the guiding principles of work activities.
Reply. Used to reply to instructions from lower authorities.
Attention. Used to examine and approve the official documents of the lower authorities, and forward the official documents of the higher authorities and the organs that are not subordinate to each other; Release regulations; Convey the matters that the lower authorities are required to handle and the relevant units need to know or implement together; Appointment, removal and use of cadres.
Inform. Used to praise the advanced, criticize mistakes and convey important spirit or situation.
(3) Publish the published documents. Used to announce important or statutory matters at home and abroad.
Attention. Used to announce things that should be noticed or known within a certain range.
(4) file a petition. It is used for matters submitted by people at all levels to the people's congress at the same level or its standing Committee for deliberation according to legal procedures.
Ask for instructions. Used to request instructions and approval from superiors.
Report. It is used to report work to superiors, reflect the situation, put forward opinions or suggestions, and answer inquiries from superiors.
Investigation report. It is used to reflect the results of investigation and study and reveal the truth and laws of things.
(5) negotiation document letter. Used for consultation, answering, asking questions and answering questions between non-affiliated organs; Request the approval of the relevant authorities, etc.
(6) Meeting documents and meeting minutes. Used to record and communicate meetings and agreed matters.
4, the party and government organs general document style (1) normative documents. It is used by the party's central organization to formulate rules and regulations to regulate the work and activities of party organizations and party member's behavior.
Rules. A binding code of conduct used to formulate work and affairs within a specific scope.
(2) the leadership guidance document resolution. Used for important decision-making matters discussed and adopted at the meeting.
Decide. Used to make decisions and arrangements on important matters.
Signs. It is used to assign work to subordinate organs and put forward the principles and requirements for carrying out work.
Views. Put forward opinions and solutions to important problems.
Attention. It is used to issue internal party regulations, appoint and remove cadres, convey instructions from superiors, forward official documents of higher authorities and non-lower authorities, approve official documents of lower authorities, and issue matters that need to be handled by lower authorities in conjunction with relevant units.
Inform. Used to commend advanced, criticize mistakes, convey important spirit and exchange important information.
Reply. Used to answer the request of the lower authorities.
(3) the publication of the document bulletin. Used to publicly release important decisions or events.
(4) Report statement of letters and visits. It is used to report the work to the higher authorities, reflect the situation, make suggestions and answer the inquiries of the higher authorities.
Ask for instructions. Used to request instructions and approval from superiors.
(5) negotiation work letter. It is used for consultation, asking and answering questions between organs, and requesting the approval of relevant competent departments without affiliation.
(6) Meeting documents and meeting minutes. Used to record the main spirit and agreed items of the meeting.
5. The style of official documents and the applied style of structural common sense are different from other styles in special attributes, mainly including direct application, overall authenticity and standardization of structural format. Official documents belong to a special practical writing, which is different from general practical writing in that they are forced to adopt vernacular form; Use three basic expressions: discussion, explanation and narration.
The basic components of an official document are: title, text, author, date, seal or signature, and subject words. Other components of the official document include prefix, document number, issuer, classification, urgency, main sending organ, annex and its mark, cc organ, notes and issuing instructions.
Seal or signature is a sign to prove the legitimacy, authenticity and effectiveness of official documents. 6. The file format and typesetting should be divided into "top secret", "secret" and "secret".
6. What are the common application styles? It can be roughly divided into seven categories.
(1) official documents
This kind of practical writing mainly refers to the document practical writing issued in the name of party and government organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions to express legitimate wishes, contact and handle official business, and record and transmit information. Such as: orders, replies, instructions, reports, etc.
(2) Working papers
This kind of practical writing mainly refers to a series of documents produced by enterprises, institutions, departments, social groups and individuals for the normal operation of work, production and study. Such as plan, summary, articles of association, system, etc.
(3) Legal documents
This kind of practical writing mainly refers to various documents produced by the judicial department according to the needs of legal procedures in the process of law enforcement. Such as: transcripts, filing reports, appraisal books, indictments, mediation books, judgments and various complaints.
(4) Economic documents
This kind of practical writing mainly refers to the documents used by financial, taxation, industry and commerce, auditing and business groups, companies and individuals in market operation and business contacts. Such as: financial reports, market research, bidding documents, contracts, and various business documents of finance and taxation, industry and commerce, auditing, real estate and other departments.
(5) Articles and documents
This kind of document refers to some documents that have evidence function in people's daily work and life. Such as: leave note, message note, debit note, receipt, receipt, note, reminder note, gift note, etc.
(6) Letters and documents
This kind of official document refers to the official document that people communicate with each other and express their wishes in their daily life and work. Such as: general letters (letters to elders, letters to younger generations, letters to brothers and sisters, letters to relatives and friends), love letters (first love letters, courtship letters, love letters), letters of commendation, letters of recommendation, condolences, invitations, thank-you letters, cover letters, consultation letters, letters of introduction, confirmation letters, and applications (application for joining the Party, application for joining the League).
(7), etiquette documents
This kind of official document refers to the official document that people use in social communication activities and follow the long-standing etiquette forms and activities. Such as: greetings, congratulatory letters, invitations, welcome speeches, farewell speeches, inscriptions, eulogies, obituaries, condolence letters, inscriptions, couplets (holiday couplets, birthday couplets, wedding couplets, festive couplets, elegiac couplets, scenic couplets), etc.
(8) Notification documents
This kind of document is an announcement style that organizations (or individuals) openly explain to everyone and let more people know. The notice can be posted, distributed or widely disseminated through newspapers, television, radio and other media, which is a favorable means to establish an organizational image and expand its popularity. Such as: essay, friends, subscription, opening, looking for you, looking for things, recruitment, enrollment and so on.
In addition, there are conferences, notarized wills, science and technology, publicity, advertisements, historical records and other genres.
7. What are the common styles? There are four common styles, namely narrative, argumentative, expository and practical.
(a), narrative is narrative, described as the main performance 32313133353236313431303231363533e59e7ad943654339. 1, narrative (1) can be classified into content and expression: ① simple narrative ② complex narrative (2) differences of writing objects: ① narrative mainly written by writers; (2) Narration based on scenery; (4) Narrative based on material writing (2); Explanatory articles are mainly expressed by description and used as an introduction.
1, the classification of expository writing can be divided into description object (content), description of substantive things, explanation of events, explanation of scientific essays, language expression, characteristics of expository writing (1), highly scientific content (2), clarity of structure (3), strict accuracy of language (3) and practicality of writing. 1, practical writing type (1) letter, general letter, special letter (thank you letter, commendation letter, condolence letter, introduction letter, open letter, authentication letter, application, proposal, invitation letter), telegram, remittance (2) notebook, reading notes (3) formal notice.
8. What are the stylistic knowledge of common styles, including narratives, argumentative essays, expository essays, and common sense in applied essays?
(A), narrative
It is a style with narrative and description as its main forms of expression and people, narrative, scenery and objects as its main contents.
1, the classification of narrative
(1) In terms of content and expression:
① Simple narration
② Complex narration
(2) From the perspective of different writing objects:
(1) the narrative is mainly written by people.
(2) Narrative narrative.
(3) Narrative mainly writes about scenery:
(4) Narration based on things.
(2) Description text
Description is a kind of style, which is mainly used to introduce or explain the state, nature, structure, function, production method, development process, reasons, advantages and disadvantages of things.
1, classification of descriptive text
From the description object (content)
(1) Entity Description
(2) explanation
③ Scientific papers
From the perspective of language expression
(1) Simple explanation
(2) Literary exposition
2. Explain the characteristics of the text.
(1) is very scientific in content.
(2) The structure is clear and organized.
(3) There is strict accuracy in language.
(3) Practical writing
Practical writing is a practical style that meets the actual needs of daily life, work and study, and has a certain format, short length, simplicity and popularity.
1, types of practical writing
(1) letters
General letter, special letter (thank you letter, commendation letter, condolence letter, letter of introduction, open letter, confirmation letter, application, proposal, proposal, invitation letter), telegram and remittance.
(2) Precautions
Diary, reading notes
(3) Official documents
Notice, bulletin, report (investigation report, scientific report), request, plan, summary, meeting minutes.
(4) Propaganda category
Advertising draft, speech draft, blackboard newspaper, news, newsletter, product manual.
(5) Notice
Apocalypse, poster
(6) etiquette
Invitation, greeting (congratulatory letter, telegram), condolence letter,
(7) contract
Articles (receipts, IOUs, receipts, IOUs, leave notes, message notes, etc.). ), contracts (agreements), conventions,
(8) Yearbook
Biography, local chronicles, family history (school history, village history)
(4) Argumentative essay
Argumentative writing is a common style that takes argumentation as the main way and directly expresses the author's views and opinions through facts and reasoning.
(1), the classification of argumentative papers
By content use:
① General political papers
② comments
(3) Prose (essays, essays, notes)
④ Post-reading feeling
According to the way of argument:
(1) Make a piece of paper
(2) refute the thesis