Source: Hakka-Du Fu in Tang Dynasty
Original text:
The north and south of the thatched cottage are all springs, and flocks of gulls fly in.
The old lady didn't sweep the flower path for the guests. Today, it's only for you. Chai Men hasn't opened it for you yet, but it will open it for you today.
Too far from the city, too far from good food, too thin family background, only old wine.
Shall we call my old neighbor to join us, call him through the fence and empty the jar? .
Translation:
The thatched cottage is surrounded by green water in the north and south, and the spring is rippling, only to see seagulls flying in groups every day.
The garden path full of flowers and plants was not cleaned for welcoming guests, but it opened my grass door for the first time for your arrival.
Too far from the market, there is no good food on the plate, and the family is poor, only the old wine waiter every other year.
If you are willing to raise a glass to the old man next door, I will call him through the fence.
Precautions:
Hakka: Hakka refers to Cui Mingfu. Du Fu commented after the title: "I like Cui Mingfu." Mingfu, the title of county magistrate in Tang Dynasty. Passing by, just browsing.
She: refers to home.
But see: see only. Usually there are few friends, and only seagulls can make blind dates with them.
Flower diameter: a path full of flowers and plants.
Pengmen: A door made of thatch to show the simplicity of the house.
Away from the city: away from the market.
And taste: all kinds of delicious food. No taste, modest words and less food.
Bottle: A container for wine.
Old fermented grains: old fermented grains: old-fashioned wine. Fermented grains, unfiltered wine, also refers to wine.
The ancients liked to drink new wine, but Du Fu apologized for his lack of new wine.
Ken: Is it allowed? This is for the guests.
Leftover wine glass: leftover wine.
Creative background:
This poem was written by Du Fu in Chengdu Caotang in the spring of the second year of Shang Yuan (AD 76 1 year) when he was fifty years old. Du Fu finally ended his long-term wandering career through hardships, and built a thatched cottage in Huanhuaxitou, a western suburb of Chengdu, and settled down temporarily. Shortly after living in Chengdu Caotang, the guests wrote this poem when they visited.
Appreciate:
This is a sentimental chronicle poem, which shows the poet's simple character and hospitable mood. Author's Note: I like Cui Mingfu shows that the "guest" in the poem title refers to Cui Mingfu. The specific situation is unknown. Du Fu's mother's surname is Cui. Some people think that this guest may be a relative of his mother's surname. "Mingfu" is the honorific title of county magistrate in Tang Dynasty. "Passing" means visiting each other and visiting each other.
The first couplet begins with the outdoor scenery, pointing out the time and place of the guest's visit and the author's mood on the eve of the visit. "I'm in the north, I'm in the south, and spring water is flooding" makes the environment with green water rippling here very beautiful and lovely. This is the thatched cottage by the river in Chengdu. The word "Du" implies that the water of the Chunjiang River overflows, giving people a feeling of vastness. In the works of the ancients, flocks of seagulls are often the companions of hermits by the water. Their arrival "day after day" points out the tranquility of the environment and adds a secluded color to the author's life. "But see" implies that the flock is lovely, but seeing other tourists is too monotonous! In this way, the author is immersed in the scenery, showing his loneliness in the leisurely Jiangcun village. This skillfully paved the way for the happy mood of the whole poem.
Zhuan Xu turned his brush strokes to the courtyard, which led to "visitors". The author adopts the tone of talking with the guests, which enhances the real sense of life of the guests and the host. The last sentence is that the garden path full of flowers and plants has not been cleaned to welcome guests. The next sentence says that the door that has been closed has only been opened for you for the first time today. Lonely, the guests come, and the host who has always been leisurely and quiet can't help but be overjoyed. These two sentences, set off before and after, have deep feelings. Not only do lobbyists not come often, but the host will not easily delay the guests' intentions. Today, "Mr." is here, which is conducive to seeing the deep friendship between the two people and making the happiness behind them settle down. The meaning of the previous sentence is more detached from the "starting today" of the latter sentence, which complements the previous two sentences.
Ties are actually a way to entertain guests. The author abandoned other plots and chose the life scene that can best express the affection between the guest and the host, and painted it with deep colors and intentions. "It's far from the market, I can't give you much, but in my cabin, we have old wine in our cups." It seems that the author invited guests to dinner and frequently urged them to drink. After hearing the author's words, he regretted the lack of rich food and wine: it is really inconvenient to buy things far from the market, and the dishes are simple, so I can't afford aristocratic wine, so I have to use old wine brewed at home. Please help yourself! Household words sound very kind, from which it is easy to feel the host's sincere hospitality and inability to apologize, as well as the deep friendship between host and guest. There is a harmonious atmosphere between the lines.
The feeling of being a guest seems to have been written enough here. If you describe the happy scene from the front, it is obviously tasteless. However, the poet skillfully ended with "Should we call my elderly neighbors to join us and call the remaining cups through the fence", which pushed the atmosphere of the dinner to a more enthusiastic climax. The poet shouted and asked the man next to him to have a drink. This detail description is delicate and realistic. It is conceivable that the more two girlfriends drink, the stronger their interest, the more excited and cheerful they are, and the atmosphere is quite warm. As far as writing is concerned, the last two sentences are full of twists and turns.
Liu Kezhuang said that this poem is simple, but it has dramatic effect. It is impossible for Du Fu to play the Bai Yuan style of his descendants across time and space, but it is the opposite from the perspective of style. In short, Bai Yuan's style refers to a simple and simple poetic style. Throughout the poem, the language is fluent, except for "food", "taste" and "wine", there are not too many obstacles in other sentences, especially the use of function words "Ken He" and the proverb "Hu Qu", which can be evaluated as "Bai Yuan-style effectiveness of the play". In addition, the first person is used in the poem, which is concise and fluent, natural and cordial, and very harmonious with the content.
Du Fu's poems, such as Arriving at a Guest, Having a Guest and Seeking Passers-by, are all about entertaining guests for dinner, but their expressions and meanings are different. In "Binzhi", the author travels far away, writes about eating, and only passes by "a century-old rotten scholar's rough rice"; In "A Guest" and "Looking for Passers-by", it is said that "hoe a rare dish and pick a small grain for affection" and "hang a basket of fruits on the wall and call for cooking fish" to show goodwill and courtesy to the guests, but it is not grand and enthusiastic enough. Only one or two poems are used to explain it, and there is no mention of drinking. Looking back on the description of hospitality in "Guests Arrive", I did not hesitate to spend half a poem to express the scene of hospitality, which unexpectedly highlighted the details of inviting neighbors to entertain me. The writing is so delicate and vivid that it shows sincere friendship. This poem weaves the prospect of the door, the common sayings and feelings around it into an interesting life scene, showing a strong flavor of life and human touch.
About the author:
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Du Gongbu" and "Du Shaoling" in the world. Born in Fugong County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province), he was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is regarded as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang.