Brief introduction of the author
A.A. Fedoroff davydov (1828- 1903) is a Russian writer of children's literature, a professor of applied art at Moscow State A.H. kosygin Textile University, and an academician of the School of Communication of the Soviet Academy of Fine Arts. The data set "I, I, Levitan: Letters, Documents and Memories" (the memoir part was named "Memories of Levitan" when it was published) is the most basic data set necessary for studying Levitan, the greatest lyrical landscape painter in Russia.
The discovery of childhood
This paper was selected into the second volume of the fifth grade text of Shandong Education Publishing House and the second volume of the fifth grade text of People's Education Publishing House. The sixth grade Chinese version S 14 has a 19 natural paragraph, which is divided into three parts: the first part (1 natural paragraph ~ the second natural paragraph) mainly talks about "I" discovering things about embryonic development when I was 9 years old. However, three years have passed. Once, when I couldn't help laughing at my findings, I was punished in public. The second part (paragraphs 3 ~ 3 13) mainly talks about the discovery process of "I". First, how did you fly from a dream to a person? Finally, why did mom get pregnant after ten months? The third part (paragraphs 14 ~ 19) mainly talks about "I" in grade six. In a biology class, the teacher talked about the origin, development and evolution of human beings, and confirmed that the discovery of "I" was correct. I couldn't help laughing. I was punished by the teacher. The teacher asked me to stand outside. Although I was punished outside, I understood a little truth and a way of comforting myself: the great inventions and discoveries in the world were not so smooth.
short article
This lesson is about a discovery made by the author in his childhood, which embodies the child's thirst for knowledge and amazing imagination. This paper first summarizes the author's discovery in childhood, then describes the process of this discovery in detail, and finally writes that this discovery was confirmed in the teacher's lecture a few years later. This paper focuses on the process of discovering the law of embryo development in the writer's childhood. This process has generally gone through three interrelated stages: first, flying in a dream; Flying in a dream leads to why flying in a dream and the teacher's explanation. The teacher's explanation leads to the question of how people came from and a bold guess on this question, that is, the author found philosophers in his childhood.
Fedoroff is the illegitimate son of a duke, born in the same year as Tolstoy (1828). After graduating from high school, he entered Odessa aristocratic school to study. 1852 had a heated argument with a teacher during the graduation exam and left school angrily. From 65438 to 0854, Fedoroff worked as a history teacher in several middle schools. Because of his unique teaching method, he advocates that knowledge can be obtained by directly studying local geography and history, observing planets and conducting field experiments without being limited by textbooks. He often conflicts with the school authorities, so he often changes schools. 1867 Walk to Moscow. From 65438 to 0874, he worked as a librarian in Rumiantsev Library (the predecessor of Lenin Library) for 25 years. 1903 is dead. He is an original thinker, the founder of a unique philosophical system and the boldest utopia in the history of human thought development, and the earliest founder of cosmology in Russia. Fedoroff has profound knowledge and extensive reading history. It is said that he knows almost all the books in the library of Rumiantsev. He is proficient not only in major European languages, but also in many oriental languages including Chinese. He has profound attainments in philosophy, natural science and art, and is called "encyclopedia". His erudition is regarded as a standard in the intellectual circles in Petersburg and Moscow, and even makes him a legend.
Philosophical thinking
Even more surprising is Fedoroff's philosophy. This ordinary librarian is unique and unique, and even put forward an earth-shattering plan of "regulating nature", which includes controlling nature, transforming the human body, entering the universe, finally defeating death and resurrecting ancestors. He called the realization of this plan "the common cause of all mankind". The first step of "regulating nature" is to control nature. Fedoroff asserted that when human beings have not become the masters of nature, nature is a blind destructive force, and it is the enemy of all people. Once we master it, it will become our friends forever. The way to control nature is to adjust the climate, control the earth's motion, magnetism and solar energy, let wind and rain work for us, and turn the solar system into productive forces. Tolstoy agreed with this. He wrote: "I know nothing about the movement of clouds, so the rain did not fall back to the sea, but fell where it was needed." I have never read it, but I think it is not impossible. Everything done in this direction is a good thing. This is an application of Nikolai Fedorovici's cosmology, and I always agree with it. In other words, this is a cause worthy of hard work and a cause of all mankind. " Fedoroff believes that in the process of regulating nature, people should also transform their bodies, including physiology and psychology. We should make use of all inventions to seek a "new human body". Such people should be transparent to each other and have a reasonable nutritional system. Some artificial organs can be used to replace the original organs. Fedoroff proposed that human activities should not be confined to one planet. The means of life on a planet are inexhaustible, so death is inevitable. The only way out is to go out of the earth, fly to the universe and get a new place to live. Fedoroff was the first Russian who proposed to conquer the universe. Tsiolkovsky, the "father of astronautics" in the Soviet Union, often went to the Lumiantsev Library when he was young, and got a lot of advice from Fedoroff. His later scientific research included the influence of Fedoroff's "Cosmological Philosophy".
final
Overcoming death and reviving ancestors from generation to generation is the ultimate goal of Fedoroff's plan. He called this the highest stage of morality, the highest mission of mankind, the greatest responsibility and the greatest happiness. To do this, we must first awaken the younger generation's love and moral responsibility for their ancestors, establish ancestor worship and restore human affection. In Fedoroff's works, the discussion on morality and responsibility occupies a large space, which Tolstoy appreciates most and arouses him most. As for the specific method of bringing the dead back to life, Fedoroff advocated starting with uncovering the mystery of heredity. His idea is to restore the human body by collecting atoms and particles from the dead. Thought and consciousness are the attributes of matter. With the body, consciousness can be restored. "... the human body is a machine. When the machine is assembled, consciousness will return to it!
Edit this paragraph, astronomer
life experience
A. Fedorov davydov (1802— 1855) is a Russian astronomer. 1827 graduated from the University of Putt (now Tartu University) in Utrecht. 1837 Professor of Kiev University, 1843- 1847 President. He founded the observatory of the school and served as the first director. 1855 died on March 24th. 1832 ——1837, and determined the geographical coordinates of some places in western Siberia. 1842 and 185 1 year, I participated in the observation of total solar eclipse.
work
1On June 26th, 842, during the total solar eclipse in Chernigov.
Edit this paragraph, former Russian finance minister
Personal profile
Former Russian Finance Minister and Banker boris fyodorov. Fedoroff's most famous reputation came from the period of 1992- 1994: as the finance minister, he was the main member of the team of young economists in Gaidar, responsible for implementing the so-called "shock therapy" at that time. Fedoroff can be said to be the representative of the professional economist team with Gaidar team as the core in the 1990s: he has a firm belief in capitalism from textbooks, but his understanding of economic process and market mechanism is too mechanical and simple; While believing in the decisive role of technical elites in reform, they often regard politics as the only stumbling block to realize the optimal economic policy; The loyalty of a scholar is that he dares to speak and be angry, but sometimes his political strategy is not good and he can only sigh that he was born at the wrong time. Perhaps because of this, Stolypin became a hero worshipped by Fedoroff.
all one's life
65438-0980 graduated with honors from Moscow Institute of Finance, majoring in international economic relations. 1985, boris fyodorov defended his doctoral thesis at Moscow state university. Lomonosov Moscow State University, in 1990- Doctoral Institute, USA and Canada, Ph.D. in Economics. From 1980 to 1987, boris fyodorov served as an economist and a senior economist in the main monetary policy and economic management department of the State Bank of the Soviet Union. 1987- 1989- Senior Research Fellow of World Economy and International Relations, Institute of Advanced Studies, Soviet Academy of Sciences. 1989- 1990, consultant of the Ministry of Social and Economic Affairs, Central Committee of the Communist Youth League. 1990,65438+February 7-June as finance minister of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. 199 1 onwards, economic adviser and president of the Russian Federation. He initiated and promoted the passage of laws against banks and companies. He actively participated in the "500-day" economic development plan. 1992, accepted the invitation to become the business director of the Soviet Union and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. 10 June to1February 1992, served as the executive director of the Russian board of directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. From1992,65438+February to1994,65438+1October, he served as the vice chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation, from1March 1993 to1994,65438+/. 1993, Fedoroff was elected as a deputy member of the State Duma for the first time, and the parliamentary group he led, Freedom and Democracy Alliance, 65438+February 65438+February. "He served as chairman of the Subcommittee on Monetary Policy and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. 1994 as a consultant, talking with President People's Republic of China (PRC) about financial and economic issues. 1February, 995, Fedoroff initiated and led a campaign called "Forward, Russia!" In February 2002, it ceased to exist independently and became a complete * * * and party. Fedoroff was the trustee of Russian President Yeltsin during the 1996 presidential election. 1996- 1998 he served as the deputy state Duma to convene the second member of the parliamentary group "Russian region", and the members of the Committee were responsible for budget, taxation, banking and finance (after resigning from the deputy task, the competent state taxation bureau was appointed in May 1998). 1From May to September, 1998, he served as the competent minister of the State Taxation Bureau of the Russian Federation in the governments of Sergei Kiriyenko and chernomyrdin. A package of tax cuts submitted to the government. In 2000, shareholder boris fyodorov was elected as a director of the board of directors of Russian Rao ·UES Company and Gazprom, and a member of the board of supervisors of Russian Savings Bank, which is a private shareholder. In July 2000, he was elected as a member and director of the Committee and the Russian Savings Bank. Since February 2002, Russia's economy and society have served as the chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party Fund. In 2003, boris fyodorov established a private counter-terrorism center. From June 5438 to February 2005, Jelchin and Fedoroff, as general partner funds UFG Private Equity Fund 1 companies belonging to the same owner group, invested in UFG Asset Management Company. Gazprom, Russian Federal Savings Bank, about 10 other companies. In April 2006, Fedoroff was elected as the "news media" of the board of directors. This is its founder and honorary chairman, the United Financial Group (UFG) of the Ministry of Finance. He is the co-chairman of * * * and the Russian Federation Party, and all social and political movements "Forward, Russia! He got married and left a son and a daughter. 20081October 20th 165438+ passed away.
political attitude
Fedoroff's bookishness is obvious in his attitude towards politics: similar to politicians born as professional economists such as Yavlinski and Gaidar, he has repeatedly said that he dislikes his political career and is more eager to play the role of a pure economist. At the same time, he always criticizes people with different political views regardless of their feelings. Unlike Gaidar and others who never forget Yeltsin's kindness to meet him, he has always been very dissatisfied with Yeltsin's character and ruling style. He believes that this man who is only greedy for power in essence is not a real liberal at all. His ignorance of the economy puts the blame for the failure of reform on Gaidar's team, although the reform plan formulated by the latter has not been implemented. As for the 1995 "loan-for-equity" agreement between Yeltsin and several consortia, Fedoroff mercilessly characterized it as "theft". Even if Yeltsin unexpectedly apologized to the Russian people when he announced his early resignation in 1999, it was nothing in Fedoroff's eyes. It is also rare that Fedoroff has always been critical of the policies of western countries headed by the United States towards Russia in the early stage of Russia's transition, especially against the unconditional support of the United States for Yeltsin in the 1993 constitutional crisis.