Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory.
Philosophy, religion
Introduction to social science
Politics, law
E military
F economy
G. Culture, science, education and sports
H. Language and writing
I. Literature
J art
History, geography
Introduction to natural science
Mathematical science and chemistry
P astronomy, geographical science
Q bioscience
Medicine and health
American agricultural science
technology
U transportation
V. Aviation and aerospace
X environmental science, labor protection science (safety science)
The call number of Z comprehensive books is the unique identification symbol of each book, indicating the position of books and periodicals on the bookshelf.
The call number is generally composed of "China Library Classification Number/Book Item Number or Category Number".
Extended data
library
A library is an institution that collects, sorts out and collects books and materials for people to read and refer to. As early as 3000 BC, libraries appeared. Library has the functions of preserving human cultural heritage, developing information resources and participating in social education. According to the library in the dictionary, the word "library" first appeared in Japanese literature in 1877. However, it first appeared in China literature. When an article about building a simple library in the 62nd issue of Education World was pushed, it was 1894. The earliest provincial library in China is Hubei Library, which was founded in 1904.
As early as 3000 BC, there were various records carved on clay tablets in the temples of Babylon. The earliest collection sites were the collection sites of Greek temples and the collection sites attached to the Greek Philosophy Institute (4th century BC).
The earliest library-Nineveh Library in Mesopotamia (founded by King Ashgabat of Assyria, so it is also called Ashgabat Library).
According to the archaeological findings, we know that the earliest library in the world was in Mesopotamia Plain. Nineveh Library is famous all over the world. This is the most complete, largest and complete ancient civilization site library excavated today. It was more than 400 years earlier than the famous Alexandria Library (the largest library in ancient times) in Egypt, and because of the particularity of mud-printed books, it was not destroyed by the war like Alexandria Library, and most of them were preserved.
Libraries in China have a long history. It's just that at first we didn't call it a library, a mansion, a pavilion, a view, a stage, a temple, a courtyard, a hall, a study and a building. For example, the Lian Zhai in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Shiqu Pavilion, Dongguan Pavilion and Lantai Pavilion in the Han Dynasty, Guanwen Temple in the Sui Dynasty, Chongwen Academy in the Song Dynasty, Lianshengtang in the Ming Dynasty, and Qige Pavilion in the Four Ku Quanshu in the Qing Dynasty. "Library" is a foreign word, which was introduced into China from Japan at the end of 19.
Literature collection is the foundation of the whole library work. Librarians should first make clear the collection principle, collection scope, collection focus and selection criteria of the library, and understand the collection situation of the library, the types and reproduction quantity of documents, the utilization rate and service life of various books, which books can be eliminated (see the elimination of books and periodicals) and which books and periodicals should be replenished. , but also need to master the publishing dynamics. Then supplement the collection by purchasing, exchanging and copying.
Document arrangement includes document classification, subject indexing, description and catalogue organization. Document classification not only provides the basis for compiling classified catalogue and document shelving, but also facilitates library statistics, new book publicity, reference consultation and document retrieval. Document subject indexing is to reveal and organize documents with subject words according to the subject range discussed in the document content.
Literature classification and subject indexing are important means to reveal the content of literature, while literature description is the main means to reveal the characteristics of literature form and content in a comprehensive and detailed way, which is convenient for readers to confirm a literature according to various characteristics of literature and obtain clues to the required literature. Librarians organize all kinds of items into a library catalogue in an orderly manner (see the catalogue organization law) to reveal the collection of books in the library. Library catalogue is a tool to retrieve documents, and it is also the key to open the library as a treasure house of knowledge.
Literature collection mainly includes the division of stacks (see collection institutions), book arrangement (see similar book arrangement methods), collection inventory and document protection. Among them, document protection is a special technology, including book binding, restoration, fire prevention, moisture prevention, light protection, mildew prevention and insect prevention, and mechanical damage prevention.
Library service is the work of developing and utilizing library resources. Including reader development (such as issuing library cards), reader research, document circulation and promotion services (including document borrowing, reading service, document copying service, inter-library loan, mobile library service, etc.). ), collection report, reading consultation, reference retrieval, reader education.
Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Library