First of all, everyone needs to learn to teach themselves.
Broadly speaking, anyone who wants to make a difference and achieve something cannot do without self-study.
Don't say that people who don't go to regular universities or technical secondary schools need self-study, even students trained in colleges and universities need self-study. A university president once said to his graduates: Graduation from university is like a bowl of clean noodles, with a spoonful of fried sauce, noodles tied in the river, a few ribs, sparerib noodles and a few pieces of fat. Who will put these things? Of course, after graduation, I mainly learn by myself in practice. What a person learns after graduating from college is like nine hairs of Niu Yi's head to what he should learn all his life. Most of what college students learn in school is basic theoretical knowledge, and more applied science and practical technology need to be supplemented and improved by self-study as needed after entering the society. What college students learn in school is not so much knowledge as the ability of self-study.
If knowledge is compared to gold, then the ability of self-study is alchemy; If knowledge is compared to fish, then the ability of self-study is the ability of fishing.
With the development of society, the total amount of human knowledge is increasing. Today, with the sharp increase of knowledge, intensified competition and rapid development of science and technology, the only way for people to adapt to the ever-changing new life is self-study. Therefore, UNESCO warned in its survival theme report: "The illiterate people in the future are not illiterate people, but people who can't learn."
Not only do people who haven't been to college need self-study to achieve academic success, even college graduates, even masters and doctors, must constantly self-study, be good at self-study and be good at studying.
Learning ability is a passport to enter the era of knowledge economy. In the era of knowledge economy, people's quality is mainly manifested in the ability to master knowledge and information for creative labor. Therefore, popularization and lifelong education have become two major trends in the development of education. There are two ways to receive lifelong education: one is continuing education and the other is self-study. Among them, self-study is the most important way.
Second, self-study is an important way to acquire knowledge and a source of creativity.
Even if a person has never been to college, if he has the habit and ability of self-study, then his future work performance will never be worse than that of college graduates. On the contrary, even if a person went to college, even studied abroad, and worshipped famous teachers, if he didn't learn to teach himself and didn't have the habit of studying hard, then he would only wander in the circle defined by teachers, and it would be difficult to expand his knowledge field, let alone make inventions in scientific research. This is because any invention is to do what others have not done and take the road that others have not taken. Who can tell you which way to go? Only by exploring, learning and constantly updating knowledge.
A person will not achieve anything without self-study, and self-study has indeed made many people successful. Thinkers, scientists, writers, politicians and military strategists at all times and all over the world have made remarkable achievements mainly through self-study without or with little formal school training, which is simply hard to count.
Hua is the most famous mathematician in China, born in a poor family in Jintan County, Jiangsu Province. When he was a child, his books were not very good, and his neighbors laughed at him as a "bookworm". Because of the difficulty of family life, he failed to finish middle school and went home to help his father make a living. Later, he fell ill and broke his leg. However, he worked hard at self-study, and later gained the esteem of Mr. Xiong Qinglai, an old-timer in mathematics, and recommended him to work as a janitor in Tsinghua University. He studied hard, earned official fees to study abroad, and went to the famous Cambridge University in England for further study, and finally succeeded. Edison, the greatest inventor in the world, was born thin and didn't go to school until he was 8 years old. After studying for three months, I was called a "fool" by my teacher because of my poor academic performance. He dropped out of school and went home, and his mother taught him to read and write. Mother found that he especially likes physics and chemistry, so she bought him a Parker science reader. So, Edison moved down the truth in the book one by one and tried it himself. He opened up a small world in the basement, which is both a warehouse and a laboratory. There are more and more experiments, but life at home is too difficult to meet Edison's demand for money for experiments. /kloc-when he was 0/2 years old, Edison went to the train to sell newspapers and candy, and at the same time went to the Detroit library to read books every day to enrich himself. At the age of 2 1, he developed a dual transmitter and obtained the invention patent of "voting recorder". At the age of 22, he co-founded Baup Edison Company. Since then, I have embarked on the road of invention, success and glory.
/kloc-Darwin, the founder of evolution, one of the three great discoveries of natural science in the 0/9th century, said that any valuable knowledge he gained came from self-study. Steam engines, trains, ships and airplanes were all invented by self-learners.
Third, the principle of determining the direction of self-study.
Determining the direction of self-study is actually an optimization problem. Correct direction, less detours, easy to succeed. To determine the direction of self-study, we should pay attention to the following principles.
The first is the principle of synchronization effect. That is, try to synchronize the choice of major with work and business; The goal of struggle is synchronized with hobbies; The development direction is consistent with social needs. Doing so is easy to unify the subjective and the objective, causing * * * vibration.
The second is the principle of advantage accumulation. That is, according to the actual needs of society and their own actual situation, confirm their own advantages and strengths, and then focus on developing their own advantages and strengths. It should be noted that what you are best at is not necessarily your advantages, but also the actual needs of social reality and social development. A relatively high starting point and advantage accumulation are conducive to short-term success.
The third is the principle of "directional blasting". That is, pay attention to discovering and choosing the "unpopular" that can fully realize self-worth, work hard, and strive for great achievements in a few years, and make a blockbuster after many years.
The fourth is the principle of doing what you can. Self-study is not afraid of starting low, but don't aim too high. We should focus on the long-term and base ourselves on the present. Strive for spring ploughing and autumn harvest. Fruit can not only bring you joy and inspire your fighting spirit, but also often change your situation and make you move from muddy dirt road to asphalt road. If you choose a difficult topic without considering your actual ability, the result is often looking at the stars in the sky, but falling into the underground pit. It's like burning a pot of cold water with a candle until the wax torch turns to ash and the tears run out, so it's hard to boil.
Fourth, the law of "four natures and one creation" in self-study
First: initiative. Is to give full play to their subjective initiative, see the needle, not beyond their reach. If self-study adopts a passive attitude and does not practice self-discipline, the study plan will be difficult to realize, and the marathon plan will become a "sloppy" plan. Therefore, self-learners should never forget the word initiative.
Secondary: hardness. If reaching a certain level of knowledge is compared to crossing a river, then students at school are like boats, and self-learners are like troops swimming. Self-learners not only have no special teachers to teach, but also focus on doing things that have nothing to do with learning every day. They have to squeeze their study time, and sometimes they can't even get a suitable textbook. Therefore, those who are interested in self-study should first be prepared for hardship.
Third: continuity. Continuity not only refers to the continuity of learning content, but also includes the continuity of self-study schedule. Self-study should first pay attention to overall planning, and arrange the learning content according to the principle of easy first and difficult later, from shallow to deep. At the same time, we should understand that the construction of knowledge pagoda is a huge and complicated project, and it is by no means an overnight thing. It is difficult to accomplish anything after three minutes of bloodshed or exposure to cold. It is also taboo to try a little or change your mind by yourself.
The fourth sex: purpose. Is to have a clear learning purpose. This goal may be simple at first, and the goal is not too ambitious. With the improvement of knowledge level and the harvest of learning results, the purpose will continue to sublimate. This purpose, in turn, attracts people to move forward.
Innovation 1: According to the above four characteristics, after years of hard work, self-learners will have the impulse and ability to create. At this time, we should pay attention to the change from learning to thinking, find the right starting point according to our own specialties and social needs, and realize our own value through discovery, invention and creation.
Five, self-study should be good at using all conditions conducive to learning.
Xunzi said in "Persuasion": "Those who pretend to be horses will travel thousands of miles without profit; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim. The life of a gentleman is different, and goodness is illusory. " Self-study is not to learn by yourself behind closed doors, but to make full use of all conditions conducive to learning.
First, learn to use the library. Almost all colleges and universities have libraries except those in every city center. Borrowing books and reading books in the library is not only convenient but also cheap. There are books, magazines, newspapers and audio-visual materials here. It can be said that the library is a treasure house of knowledge, where the scientific and cultural heritage of all mankind is concentrated, and only those who are good at using the library can inherit it.
Second, learn to use computers. Now there are many computer softwares that are beneficial to learning, and various "information superhighways" have been opened; In addition, it is very convenient and fast to retrieve, store, extract data, type, modify and calculate by computer. This provides unparalleled convenience for our study and scientific research. We should make full use of these conditions.
Third, ask celebrities for advice. Xunzi said: "Learn from Mohism and be close to others", so "a gentleman must choose his hometown in his life and be a scholar in his deeds". As the saying goes, "It is better to learn from him for ten years than to listen to him." Self-learners seeking advice from famous scholars can avoid detours and be conducive to short-term success. There are many ways to consult famous scholars, such as listening to famous scholars' academic reports, studying famous scholars' articles, and of course consulting face to face.
Fourth, according to the actual situation, participate in social aid classes. This is mainly aimed at non-school students who take the self-study exam. Since 1980s, in order to cultivate talents through multiple channels, China has successively implemented the self-study examination system in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. The scores of single-subject exams are accumulated. If you fail in one subject, you can take the exam next time. When the required courses and elective courses reach a certain number, a junior college diploma or an undergraduate diploma will be issued. This diploma is recognized by the state and UNESCO. People who study by themselves in this way can participate in social assistance classes selectively. This kind of remedial class is well informed, less detours, and can meet many like-minded friends with different personalities. Zhu, a writer in the Song Dynasty, wrote in Reading Random Thoughts: "Why is the canal so clear? Because there is flowing water at the source." Self-study is an inexhaustible source of knowledge for students.
How to Cultivate Students' Self-study Ability (July 2009-1519: 29:12)
Definition and scope of self-study ability:
Self-study ability is the most important ability among all abilities. Self-study ability includes conscious desire to learn and thirst for knowledge, and certain learning methods and habits make self-study an ability to find relevant reference books and materials. With the continuous progress of science and technology and the increasing frequency of information exchange, it is particularly important to establish the idea of lifelong learning. It is an important embodiment of the new curriculum standard to cultivate students' good self-study ability and good study habits. "It is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish", which means that teachers should not only teach students how to learn, but more importantly, teach them how to learn.
Self-study ability can be said to be the golden key for students to open the treasure house of knowledge. Because a person is well-read and knowledgeable, many of them are self-taught, which is understandable. Therefore, the students we train should be people with good self-study ability. The so-called self-learning ability refers to the ability to acquire knowledge independently. The ancients said well: "A good teacher and a good friend, handy, get twice the result with half the effort, a bad teacher and a good friend, work hard and get twice the result with half the effort". With self-study ability, students can study and think independently. Students have the ability of self-study. Even without teachers around, they can still learn new knowledge, master new skills and solve new problems by themselves. When they enter adulthood, take part in work and go to society, the golden key of self-study ability can still play a role. He can constantly improve his professional level according to his own needs and explore and invent freely in his respective professional fields. Therefore, in the long run, it is of great significance to cultivate students' autonomous learning ability.
Exploration on the methods of cultivating students' self-study ability;
First, master the self-study method and enhance the self-study effect.
Let students know a variety of learning methods, and let them choose the suitable learning method according to their actual situation, so as to improve their learning efficiency and achieve twice the result with half the effort. Teachers can invite excellent students to express their views and talk about learning methods, how to arrange learning time reasonably, learning characteristics and learning rules; Then, through the teacher's summary, let students learn to use the conventional learning methods, master how to collect and distribute attention, how to observe, remember, think and imagine, how to apply knowledge, and how to arrange time scientifically, so as to summarize the learning rules and improve learning efficiency. This method is worth learning.
Teachers should not only impart knowledge, but also teach methods in the teaching process. Teaching learning methods in combination with learning content has strong pertinence, concrete image, easy acceptance by students and good effect. Letting students master the method of learning science is like teaching students the key to the treasure house of knowledge, which is more valuable than teaching them some ready-made knowledge. The most important thing for students during their study is to master the learning methods, which is the golden key to their lifelong benefit. In addition, mastering good learning methods is more helpful to bring students' learning potential into play.
Second, stimulate self-study interest and develop self-study habits.
No matter what knowledge you learn, as long as students are interested in this method, their enthusiasm will be ignited and their desire to learn will be strong, so some people say that "interest is the best teacher." Only when you are interested in what you want to learn can you have the desire to learn, and you can get twice the result with half the effort and achieve efficient learning results. In the process of cultivating students' autonomous learning ability, students should also be interested in what they have learned and be willing to learn by themselves. This requires teachers to be good at combining the characteristics of knowledge, using enlightening language, connecting with real life and stimulating students' interest in self-study.
(1) Use people's inquiry psychology to set up knowledge suspense and attract students to participate.
Everyone has a certain degree of inquiry. If teachers can make use of students' inquiry and set up knowledge "suspense" before teaching, they can firmly grasp students' attention in teaching and greatly improve their learning efficiency. In order to attract students to take the initiative to study by themselves, teachers should set up an atmosphere that makes students eager for knowledge according to the contents of the teaching materials, and stimulate students to have a strong desire for knowledge, thus generating the intrinsic motivation of active inquiry, that is, self-study interest.
(2) Use curiosity to set contradictions and encourage students to participate.
The "contradiction" mentioned here refers to the contradiction formed according to the original experience of students and the reality they are facing at present. In life practice, students often take it for granted. If teachers can skillfully set up teaching contradictions, they can stimulate students' interest in learning and make them actively participate in learning. Because whenever students encounter the contradiction set by the teacher, they will have questions about "why" and "how to do it", and students' thinking will only expand in the "why" situation and go further in the "how to do it" situation.
(3) Close to the reality of life, so that students have the feeling of being there.
The most familiar is the most intimate, concrete and unforgettable. In teaching, we should pay attention to the connection with students' daily life, make use of specific events that students are familiar with, and connect abstract mathematical concepts with concrete examples, so as to make the whole teaching activity vivid and incisive, create an active classroom atmosphere, and make students immersive, thus stimulating students' interest in self-study and arousing students' emotional singing.
Third, pay attention to summing up the learning experience of students around you and set an example.
Pay attention to summing up the learning experience of students around you and set an example. They often have their own unique learning methods or experiences, and teachers should be good at discovering, summarizing and popularizing them. The learning experience of these excellent students comes from their own learning practice. They live among students and have roughly the same learning conditions. Summarize and promote the learning experience of outstanding students, so that other students feel cordial, credible and easy to learn. This can not only promote students to compare and summarize their own learning methods, but also promote students to learn from each other, compete collectively and improve together. For example, students who speak actively in class, listen carefully and write well, students who have made great progress in their studies, students who take the initiative to study and have good study habits all have good self-study results. From point to surface.
Fourth, pay attention to the cultivation of students' self-study habits.
If "interest is the best teacher", then I dare say "habit is also the best teacher". Habit is an attitude, and people often say that attitude determines everything. Only a positive and good learning attitude can make students make greater and faster progress in their studies. For the cultivation of self-study habits, I think it is mainly the cultivation of self-study habits. In the whole classroom teaching, we always pay attention to the cultivation of autonomous learning habits. In addition to classroom teaching, we also arrange for students to identify small problems after class, let them think and solve problems by themselves, and then come to class the next day to communicate with classmates and teachers and express their personal views on this issue, thus cultivating students' habit of autonomous learning.
Five, introduce the successful learning experience of outstanding people and give appropriate encouragement and praise.
There are many reasons why great men in human society are great, but methods and habits are very important. A person's success is not accidental, and it is inseparable from his efforts, methods and habits. Introduce some successful experiences of famous people in ancient and modern China and foreign countries to students, and how they studied when they were young, so as to narrow the distance between great men and students, make great men no longer stand on high, and let them walk off the altar and become real. This will make students realize that there is not much difference between the great men's school days and their own, and they will have the opportunity to become as successful as them through hard work, which will stimulate students' learning motivation. With the ability of self-study, students can still learn new knowledge and master new skills by themselves without a teacher around. Solve new problems.
Giving proper praise and encouragement to students when they make progress can also stimulate their interest in autonomous learning and develop their enthusiasm for learning. Thus, consolidate their habit of autonomous learning. Put autonomous learning into practice from our teachers' concept to students' actual study life. Really cultivate students' self-study ability and let students benefit from it.
Self-learning ability is not formed overnight, and it needs to be gradually cultivated through repeated training in teaching practice, and also needs to be used repeatedly in learning practice to improve. It is necessary to strengthen students' own ability and cooperative development ability, ensure the combination of independent completion and group cooperation in completing homework, and cultivate students' free and good study habits. It is true that every teacher has his own experience on how to cultivate students' self-study ability. The above is my little experience on how to cultivate students' self-study ability. I hope to communicate with my peers here. I also hope to exchange more and better experiences and methods here, so that I can have the opportunity to learn and enrich myself. Thank you!
Junior high school students' learning is a process from dependence to independence. Mastering scientific learning methods is the key to make students never have meetings and move from passive learning to autonomous learning. It is very important to teach students correct learning methods and cultivate their autonomy in many aspects. First of all, help students build up their self-confidence and form a correct sense of self, so that they can be emotionally independent first. Second, give full play to students' initiative, encourage and urge students to manage their learning activities actively, actively and consciously, and try their best to adjust their learning methods, rhythm and process. Third, boldly let students study alone. Give students enough time and space to read, analyze and think by themselves, master knowledge, improve their ability and get rid of dependence on teachers as much as possible. Fourth, respect individual differences and attach importance to individual guidance. The individual differences of students exist objectively, so we should take care of the differences in content, methods and speed at all levels, help each student optimize the learning process, and make their learning more independent and effective.
Create an atmosphere and reflect autonomy. If you can't create a good teaching atmosphere, then any teaching method can't play its role. To cultivate students' autonomous learning ability, we must create an atmosphere for students' autonomous learning. To create this atmosphere, teachers should correctly understand students' subjectivity, actively carry out students' subjective language practice activities, and let students learn independently.
Self-monitoring is an important link to cultivate students' autonomous learning ability. It helps students to plan, adjust, control, feedback and evaluate their own learning process, adjust their behavior and way of thinking in time, and urge students to overcome difficulties, work hard to complete their learning tasks and learn to study independently. The cultivation of self-regulation ability is not achieved overnight. It requires teachers to choose a suitable starting point and carry out continuous training according to the similarities and differences of students' age, learning ability and self-control ability. First of all, help students to abandon their fear of difficulties, change their passive learning attitude, and let them take the initiative, get excited and act. Secondly, strengthen the guidance of learning planning. Planned learning is the first step of learning behavior control, which can make students develop good habits of orderly learning and thinking, thus improving the level of self-monitoring. Third, constantly reflect on the advantages and disadvantages in the learning process, enhance self-awareness and adjust learning strategies.
Demonstrate success and achieve autonomy. Through study and practice, students' autonomous learning ability and comprehensive English application ability have been improved to varying degrees. The concept of modern education tells us that teachers should make the best use of the opportunity, through appropriate opportunities, channels and occasions, let students fully display their own specialties, let students experience the joy of learning success and have a sense of accomplishment, and then turn the joy of success into learning motivation and enhance their self-confidence in learning. Once students experience the pleasure of learning success, they will naturally have greater and more successful desires, induce more active participation and more positive thinking, thus making active participation in learning a lasting and strong consciousness, and finally forming the internal mechanism of autonomous learning and realizing autonomous learning.
Students' interest in learning and intrinsic motivation are prerequisites for success. Bastauer, a German educator, once said: "The art of teaching is not to impart skills (knowledge), but to inspire, awaken and motivate students to learn." Therefore, in the teaching process, teachers can stimulate students' endless interest in English learning by creating a large number of vivid scenes close to students' real life. Confucius once said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy." As long as students study happily, they will actively and consciously participate in English learning in class and after class, so as to acquire a language in a natural language learning atmosphere. In the process of language teaching, only by following the principle of student-centered and communication-oriented, can students acquire language in a relaxed and harmonious atmosphere.
It is very important to strengthen the cultivation of students' ability to learn and use English independently. In today's world, scientific and technological progress marked by information technology is changing with each passing day. Even if students learn the latest knowledge at school, they will soon become obsolete and cannot be used for life. How to solve this problem has become a reality that every educator must face. In order to enable students to acquire new knowledge continuously throughout their lives and adapt to the requirements of an information and learning society, school education must aim at students' development. Cultivating students' autonomous learning ability is the requirement of society and the need of the times.