In recent years, I have been paying attention to the reform practice of Zhongguancun No.3 Primary School in Haidian District led by President Liu Keqin, and I really want to find an opportunity to experience it on the spot, but I have never been able to do so. Fortunately, President Liu and her team sorted out their practical explorations over the years and published them in the name of "Everyone is Three Little", which gave me a further understanding of the school from another angle.
In the process of reading this book, a key word has been lingering in my mind-relationship. When determining the direction of regional education reform, I propose to achieve a new leap in the quality of education and teaching by "building a harmonious relationship between teachers and students". These years' educational practice has proved that grasping the main line of "relationship" is a very important starting point for deepening the reform of curriculum teaching. In the view of President Liu Keqin, the relationship between teachers and students is indeed very important, but there are also various relationships among students, teachers, families and schools on campus, which are all important components of school education. The link between these relationships will always be students, so the most important relationship in the school should be the relationship between students.
First, structure determines nature.
What kind of place is the school? President Liu Keqin believes that the school is an educational place where children learn to reflect, cooperate and help each other in the process, cultivate good social behaviors and personal qualities, and realize the integration of * * * * * *. Learning is inseparable from peers, and getting along with peers, blending and making progress is the core of the relationship between life and life.
Anyone who has studied chemistry knows that structure determines nature. Diamond and graphite are two common carbon elements, and it is precisely because of the different arrangement of carbon that two substances with different properties are produced. If the existing teacher-student relationship is not changed, how can we establish a more intimate and harmonious relationship between students and between students and teachers? Zhongguancun No.3 Primary School just faced the construction of a new school building a few years ago. They decided to make a fuss about the spatial structure of the school and create an environment and atmosphere for students to establish diversified relationships through the new school building structure.
There are many exciting things in the new school. For example, learn from the architectural style of earth buildings to create a home atmosphere for children, the pipeline layout of open buildings satisfies children's curiosity, and the red line behind the school gate 10 meter allows residents to park at the school gate ... but the most unforgettable thing should be the structure of the class group. It seems natural for a class of students to attend classes in a fixed classroom, which is the current school building construction model. However, the team of Zhongguancun No.3 Primary School realized the disadvantages brought by such a closed classroom layout. In the construction of the new school building, they made a bold transformation and adopted a new layout of "three rooms and one living room" similar to "home". Each "room" is our usual classroom, and "three rooms" means that three classrooms are connected together. During this period, the partitions are all movable, which can be used separately for normal classroom use, and can also be pushed away as needed to become a large classroom. The "hall" with the same total area as the "three rooms" is the space for students in these three classrooms to work together. Students can expand their courses here, hold various talent shows, or find a quiet area for self-study. More significantly, the students in the "three rooms" come from three different grades, such as Grade One 1 class, Grade Two 1 class and Grade Three 1 class. This mixed-age learning space has brought many unexpected effects and promoted the construction of diversified relationships.
In the past, every family had several children. Although there is an educational factor in children's education, it is very effective, and that is "peer help" between brothers and sisters. Brothers and sisters lead younger brothers and sisters, and their demonstration and driving role is often more effective than that of adults. However, with the implementation of the family planning policy in recent years, many families have only one child, and the educational guidance of "peer assistance" has been greatly weakened. The class group of Zhongguancun No.3 Primary School allows students to establish more extensive contacts with their classmates in other grades after class. Brothers and sisters can look for role models, and brothers and sisters should try their best to solve their worries. This is actually a return to China's traditional culture and educational origin. Of course, the effect is not only to enrich the relationship between students, but also to let students know more teachers in different classes. Teachers in different classes and grades also need to coordinate with each other. * * * Planning and implementation of business courses, * * * discussing the plans and strategies of students' collective learning.
In the new teaching building of Zhongguancun No.3 Primary School, there are four "class groups" on each floor, each floor is a "school lieutenant colonel", and four "school lieutenant colonel" constitute the school group. In this way, the information communication channels between the four teams of lieutenant colonel in each school are much smoother than in the past. Each team consists of seven teachers, who also need to learn from the beneficial practices of other teams, so as to promote the relationship between the team and the school lieutenant colonel.
Because the change of the school building structure has promoted the harmonious development of various relationships on campus, this school has created a unique educational experience on the road to the future.
Dewey said in the book Thinking and Teaching: "In school, the biggest reason for the failure of students' thinking training may be that they can't guarantee the experience and situation that can cause them to think, just like in real life outside school. "When students' learning is no longer limited to fixed desks and chairs and fixed classrooms, when any part of the school is the environment where learning takes place, and any corner is the place where students are active, when the learning process itself is the life of children, the real learning situation is the world where children live, and this school is the school of the future. This kind of learning is what learning should look like.
Second, set up four beams and eight columns.
Through the design and adjustment of the new school building structure, a strong interactive relationship environment has been created among students, teachers, teachers and students, and between home and school. However, this is still only a basic work. In order to make diversified relationships grow naturally on campus, it is necessary to build a "four beams and eight pillars" of school curriculum to provide students with better service products and meet their individual needs.
Under the existing curriculum system, school curriculum is basically composed of subject curriculum, extended curriculum, comprehensive practice curriculum and local or school characteristic curriculum, forming a relatively stable operation mode. However, when the school has undergone structural adjustment, from the relatively closed class teaching mode to the "three rooms and one hall" learning environment, the school curriculum must also be changed accordingly to support students' learning activities in the new space.
Zhongguancun No.3 Primary School has made corresponding preparations in advance, reshaped the "skeleton" and "flesh and blood" of the curriculum, reorganized the original "curriculum plate" and constructed a "three-layer and six-category" curriculum structure. The so-called "three layers" are the three levels of the curriculum, including the basic layer, the expansion layer and the open layer. There is not a simple progressive relationship between the three, and there is no completely separated boundary. Teachers should combine the learning content and students' cognitive characteristics organically. The so-called "six categories" are six types of curriculum groups, including Chinese; Mathematics and science and technology engineering; History and social sciences; Visual arts; Performing arts; Physical and mental courses. Each kind of course has specific course learning requirements and annual goals, which reduces the content repetition caused by simple subject classification, blurs the boundaries between subjects, and provides opportunities and possibilities for collaborative teaching and integration among subject teachers.
This practice of Zhongguancun No.3 Primary School is worthy of our study and reference. Many times, we are always limited by the evaluation of the subject and dare not deal with the subject comprehensively. In order to meet the requirements of curriculum reform, we can only add some new contents outside the existing curriculum system. As a result, the burden on students and teachers is getting heavier and heavier, the time allocated to core courses is getting less and less, and the key abilities of core knowledge have not been effectively implemented. Everyone is exhausted, but the effect is not good. The curriculum reform of Zhongguancun No.3 Primary School is very courageous. This courage is based on the accurate understanding of the national curriculum plan and curriculum standards, the release of students' autonomous learning space by subtraction, and the teachers' full understanding and understanding of the curriculum.
To ensure the effective implementation of the "three-tier and six-category" curriculum structure, we must make a fuss about curriculum governance, so that everyone can make clear the curriculum objectives, clear the curriculum plan, be familiar with the curriculum content, understand the key points of curriculum management, grasp the key of curriculum implementation, and make good use of curriculum evaluation and other means. The school has made careful arrangements in these links. For example, the original pyramid-shaped organizational structure of the school will be transformed into a matrix structure, and a flat school organization will be built, so that the school will be transformed from a huge education and teaching organization into a number of small-scale independent education and teaching units, even "small schools", thus implementing distributed leadership, allowing more people to participate in the development of the school, accumulating experience in overall thinking, reducing the decision-making lag brought about by the long management chain, and strengthening cooperation and integration among teachers. For example, it is clearly stated that high-quality learning occurs in the whole process of problem generation and solution. There are three main types of "problems" in students' learning: key problems in the development of disciplines, personality problems that students can ask, and practical problems brought by real roles. There are three main types of "interaction": deep interaction between subject knowledge, realistic interaction between different roles, and socialization interaction in life ... These requirements play an important role in promoting the establishment and interconnection of the relationship between teachers and students, knowledge, community and environment.
Third, promote home-school education.
As mentioned above, Zhongguancun No.3 Primary School has spent a lot of brains and efforts in building diversified relationships for students. The layout of "three rooms and one living room" not only creates a "home" activity space for students twice as much as that of ordinary school students, but also every school lieutenant colonel is equipped with his own special classroom for science, art and music, a study area, a drama hall, a ceremony hall for learning China traditional culture, a DreamWorks integrated with information technology and a craftsman workshop for engineering practice, so that students can have wider contact with students from other teams and groups. Every grass and tree in the school and every teaching facility are promoting the construction of this relationship.
But this is not enough. The school is fully aware that our times are full of great changes and uncertainties. "When everything becomes full of uncertainty, a closed school will be full of risks." It is an inevitable choice for a school to open its doors, so that the school can have diversified contacts with the community, teachers and parents, students and society, and establish an interactive and harmonious relationship. As a result, the family education practice research center, the parents' volunteer group, the children next door, and the home-school affairs cooperation center have been established and started to operate. How can parents educate their children well and assume the responsibility of leading the demonstration? The school has set up a series of courses to answer questions for parents. Students have various activities on campus, such as road safety precautions to and from school, visiting and studying various venues and facilities on campus. Teachers are often not enough, and the value of parent volunteer groups is reflected; Many parents are most concerned about their children and seldom pay attention to other people's children, which is not conducive to the formation of the joint force of school education and family education, so the "children next door" project was born; What kind of school uniforms students should wear, the problem of eating and so on. Work that originally required the political, teaching and general affairs departments of the school to spend a lot of energy can be handed over to the Home-School Affairs Cooperation Center for completion.
Many parents yearn for Zhongguancun No.3 Primary School, but they also have many misunderstandings about the school. Therefore, the school decided to go out of the school gate, organize a group of good teachers to come to the community, and publicize the school-running concept, curriculum and campus life characteristics of "everyone is a junior" to residents and parents, so that residents were hooked up and even followed the lectures. At the same time, the school's cultural and artistic activities are also open to the community and parents. Parents should be invited to experience campus culture on the spot, convey the etiquette of treating people and enhance the humanistic heritage of community residents.
The school is the cultural highland of the community. In a sense, it is the temple of this community and the place that people in the community yearn for. It is an important part of school education to build a platform for home-school education and establish broader relations and contacts. As the Canadian educator Mike Fran said, the function of a leader is to provide a menu to choose from, not to give orders; It is decisive decision to promote team development, not to limit it; It also provides a way for the team to connect with the development of the larger environment. This environment should start from the community and parents.
After reading "Everyone is Three Little", I really felt the change and transcendence of Zhongguancun No.3 Primary School in Haidian District, Beijing, which shocked my thoughts.
I especially like a passage in Everyone is Three Little: The future is not where we want to go, but where we want to create now. In today's era, we must educate our children in ways unknown to our predecessors and prepare our schools in ways suitable for the future. Therefore, if you want to be an excellent teacher, you need to constantly reflect on and update your original experience, and you can't rest on your laurels, so as to maintain the youthful vitality of your career. An excellent school needs innovation to achieve Excellence, and can't be satisfied with the existing achievements, relying on the traditional path. We must rethink the goal and development path of running a school and plan and promote the educational innovation of the school with a new vision.
Because the future school students are the main body, students should become a museum for everyone to create growth opportunities and a warm home for every child.
I was impressed in several aspects:
1, the educational concept is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Formulate the outline of school development with specific laws and regulations; Start the class group experiment, relieve the teacher's insecurity, let the teacher agree from the heart and really make changes; Rebuild the governance structure of modern schools, stimulate organizational vitality, and create platforms and opportunities for teachers to express themselves. While the teacher expresses, thought and practice can nourish each other's achievements. It took more than a year to form the school development plan, and they constantly revised and adjusted it. Facing the future, the school's value system is a growing process, which acts on practice and is constantly tested and enriched in practice. What we have to do is to think and practice at the forefront of social development and the times.
2. Novel and unique teaching building
Usually people think that a school is a classroom with neat tables and chairs. However, in the third primary school, the school building breaks the previous model and gives people a brand-new model. Set movable walls, so that the natural style in the past will become today's * * * with the use of resources, so that resources can be pushed statically, and books can be pushed to various classrooms by using book drifting boxes. For example, in a 90-minute interdisciplinary class on the theme of Tang poetry and the moon, children first learn the poems on the theme of the moon in the class group space, and then come to the art classroom to draw the story of the moon with sand. In the carefree corridor, they jumped out of the poems solidified on paper. In the circulating classroom scene, every child begins to have his own poem and joy. In school buildings, the spatial colors of each floor and each team group come from the famous paintings of ancient and modern China and foreign countries selected by teachers, students and designers, so that students can perceive art and dialogue art in space and establish the understanding of individuals and groups, parts and whole.
In the process of standardization, specialization and summative evaluation, students' nature of acting, telling stories and sharing has been exercised, and an environment for them to display their learning achievements anytime and anywhere has been created through art exhibitions, calligraphy exhibitions, performances and competitions. Real learning is that a classroom-centered school becomes a multi-dimensional learning space.
However, these buildings are not static, and the variability of space can be realized by movable partitions and furniture or facilities that can change the arrangement, so as to meet different teaching needs to the greatest extent. This space is flexible, diverse and adjustable.
In the past, the classroom furniture was usually only tables and chairs, but in the third grade, in addition to the traditional tables and chairs, students were provided with various forms of furniture, such as sofas, cushions, carpets, tripods, strategy books, tables, notebooks, tables and so on. According to ergonomics, tables and chairs with adjustable height are designed to adapt to students of different heights and shapes, and to avoid students' poor sitting posture, poor eyesight and abnormal bone development, which can help.
Intelligent building. The exposed reinforced pipe of the building has become the research object, and many green plants have been carefully decorated outside the building, forming a green lung that runs through the campus and realizing the blend of man and nature. For example, in a beautiful spring waters, art teachers and Chinese teachers take their children for interdisciplinary study, so that the children can realize the ancient people's love for mountains and rivers and express their lofty spirit, while science teachers take their children to look for small things on campus, and the children catch insects with great interest, carefully observe and describe them, and then carefully release them to nature.
The school is connected with the community, and the traditional school is closed, while the third primary school is semi-open C-shaped, which can interact with the community and absorb the advantages of Fujian Tulou, a treasure of traditional houses in China. So how to ensure safety? Turn the school gate into an open public area, give up a buffer zone for parents to pick up and drop off their children, hold public activities, and let the community provide a safer second line of defense for the school. Seats are also set on both sides of the school gate for everyone in the community to rest. People passing by the school will no longer see the cold wall, but still welcome everyone to rest, a safe harbor that can shelter from the wind and rain. Design of layered partition for safety door lock. The closed management of the main teaching areas ensures the safety and cleanliness of the school. Gymnasium, art troupe, welcome dining hall and multi-functional learning place can be used as after-school community activities space.
3. Multi-level inspiration and creative space.
Multi-level space for students:
1. Personal space: Many furniture such as huts and tree holes are designed for students to be alone or get together in twos and threes, so that students can think freely and quietly. Studies show that the human brain needs to be alone to assimilate, and it is very important to assimilate new knowledge. This kind of personal space allows them to rest and be alone, talk to their hearts and digest new knowledge.
Second, the fixed group space is a teacher in the traditional sense, called three rooms. It abandons the traditional blackboard and platform, and replaces it with movable electronic whiteboard and movable projection equipment, so that each component space shines with its own unique charm.
Third, sharing space, a place where children of all ages can relax and play together. Usually, students' books and descriptions can only be completed on paper and computer, and it is difficult for a piece of paper of ordinary size to accommodate more than two people to write at the same time. Working on the computer, although we can enjoy a virtual page, we often can't enjoy it directly in the real space, so we can provide a lot of furniture with writable and erasable surfaces in the shared space. For example, a fence on which students can write and draw, and then erase it. This is a shared space that can be smeared at will. No matter where it happens, students can quickly record and sketch, and at the same time participate in expression and communication, thus creating a rich and strong sharing culture.
Fourth, public spaces, such as indoor corridors, outdoor playgrounds and courtyards. This informal learning environment has also become a place for group communication and learning.
Multi-level teacher space: teachers have their own work areas and work spaces, and there are teachers where there are children, so that children can be supervised and protected; Teachers are equipped with personal belongings and lockers. This can not only improve work efficiency and teaching quality, but also facilitate the independent tutor team to communicate and share here at any time. Opening a teacher training center in a shared space, similar to cafes and SOHO workspaces, is particularly comfortable, free and cozy.
Multi-level space for managers: set up a transparent, open and square office area, so that everyone can feel their dominant position and wake themselves up in this open and enjoyable atmosphere, thus giving birth to real creativity.
4. Ecology course
What is an ecological course? The curriculum practice system of ecological university is a kind of real learning. Through curriculum objectives, curriculum structure, curriculum content, curriculum implementation, curriculum management and curriculum evaluation, we can see students, learn and grow.
The connotation of the concept of ecological curriculum is divided into five parts: first, time. Learning is no longer the next two classes in class; Second, space. Curriculum resources should exist where students can reach; Fourthly, content curriculum is the whole life of teachers and students that school education can touch. The sentence that the team object is the peer and the students' best peer is the teacher embodies the unique connotation of student-student interaction. Only by learning from peers can children learn to cooperate and help each other better and develop a good sense of responsibility for social behavior quality.
The course has three goals, five abilities and three goals: popularity, ability and responsibility, and five key abilities: the ability to pursue tolerance and fairness, the ability to communicate and exchange, the ability to cooperate and innovate in teams, the ability to conduct positive behaviors and the ability to learn basic knowledge and skills. His subject courses have broken through the dilemma of Chinese, mathematics, English, science, fine arts, music, morality and social sports, and a large number of school-based courses have emerged as extensions of subject courses, such as massive reading of Chinese classics, English Pinyin Club, English talent show, fast learning of mathematics and scientific robots. In this process, the image of the overall construction of various disciplines has gradually emerged. Teachers' ability of curriculum development and implementation is gradually cultivated in a subtle way. This diversified student evaluation system and wonderful and flexible architectural space allow children, old and young, to discuss with each other, live together and study together, so that students can really learn to learn. Let students learn to operate, use tools in an orderly manner, learn to get along well with their peers, work actively in a team, keep thinking, listen and express their difficulties and opinions, rather than just talking. We should pay attention to our children's future, plant a dream and work hard to realize it. At the foot of this once sandy land, we will plant an ordinary and dreamy seed together to build a truly future-oriented school.