First, the history and development of root canal therapy
Second, the concept of modern root canal therapy
Chapter II Dental pulp vitality test and X-ray examination
The first section pulp vitality test method
I. Temperature test
Second, the electrical activity test
Section 2 X-ray examination
1. Application of X-ray film with changing horizontal projection angle in root canal therapy.
Secondly, the factors that affect the X-ray images of root tips.
Chapter III Anatomy of Dental Pulp Cavity
First, the related concepts of medullary cavity anatomy
Second, the number of roots and the classification of root canals
Third, the characteristics of permanent root canal anatomy
Four. Root and root canal anatomy of each permanent tooth
Chapter IV Root Canal Preparation
Section 1 Determination of Working Length
I. Definition of working length
Second, the determination method of working length
Section II Root Canal Preparation Instruments
Firstly, standardization of root canal preparation instruments.
Second, the types of root canal preparation instruments
Section III Root Canal Preparation Method
First, conventional methods
Second, the gradual retreat method.
Third, a step-by-step approach
Fourth, the crown and root depth method
Verb (abbreviation of verb) ultrasonic method
The role of the fourth crown pretreatment in the preparation of curved root canals
Section 5 Nickel-titanium moving system and its preparation technology
I. Overview system
Second, the speed of light system.
Three. Directory file system
Fourth, Hero 642 system.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) ProTaper system
Section 6 Root Canal Preparation and Instrument Breaking
Section 7 Adverse morphological changes after root canal preparation and its prevention
Chapter V Root Canal Filling
First root canal filling material
First, the solid root canal filling material
Secondly, paste root canal filling material
The second section root canal filling opportunity
Third root canal filling method
A, cold gutta-percha lateral pressure filling method
Second, hot gutta percha vertical pressure filling method
Third, other root canal filling techniques.
Chapter VI Application of Ultrasound in Root Canal Treatment
The first part is the historical review of ultrasound in root canal therapy.
Section 2 Mechanism of Ultrasonic Instrument and Ultrasonic Root Canal Treatment
Section III Ultrasonic Root Canal Disinfection
The fourth section ultrasonic root canal cleaning ability
The fifth part uses ultrasonic wave to remove the blockage in the root canal.
First of all, the method of taking out the damaged expansion instrument
Second, the removal method of pile nails
Third, the exit method of casting center
Four, cement removal method
Section 6 Other applications of ultrasound in endodontic treatment
First, the treatment of small curvature and root canal blockage
Second, one-time ultrasonic root canal therapy
Thirdly, ultrasonic nondestructive removal of fixed prosthesis.
Section 7 Safety of Ultrasonic Root Canal Treatment
Section 8 Application prospect of ultrasound in endodontics
Chapter VII Root Canal Treatment for the Elderly
Aging changes of 1. dentin-pulp complex
Second, the changes of cementum
Third, make the root canal treatment plan for the elderly.
Fourth, the operating characteristics of root canal therapy in the elderly
Indications and typical cases of root canal therapy in the elderly.
Chapter VIII Complications of Root Canal Therapy and Their Prevention and Treatment
I. perforation of pulp chamber floor and side wall
Secondly, the expansion and deformation of the step and apical foramen and the perforation of the lateral wall of root canal.
Third, the root canal instrument is broken.
Four, the instrument into the digestive tract and respiratory tract
Five, subcutaneous emphysema
Underfilling and overfilling of root canals.
Seven, tooth fracture
Eight, emergency during root canal treatment
Chapter IX Longitudinal Root Cracks
I. Histopathology
Second, the study of etiology
Third, the clinical manifestations and examination methods
Fourth, prevent root longitudinal fissure.
Five, the treatment of root longitudinal fissure
Chapter 10 Prognosis and curative effect evaluation of root canal therapy
First, the prognosis of root canal therapy
Second, factors affecting the prognosis of root canal therapy
Third, the evaluation criteria and methods of root canal therapy.
Fourth, the factors affecting the evaluation of the curative effect of root canal therapy
Verb (abbreviation of verb) suggestions for judging curative effect
Chapter 11 apical induction plasty
First, the ways and results of inducing apical shaping.
Second, the morphology of apical hypoplasia.
Third, drugs that induce apical shaping.
Fourth, the method of apical induction plasty
Five, artificial barrier apexification
Six, apical repair morphology of apical induction plasty.
Seven, about the permanent filling of root canal.
Chapter XII Combined Pulp and Periodontal Lesions
1. Anatomical basis of combined pulp and periodontal diseases
Second, classification
Third, treatment.
Chapter XIII Differential diagnosis of periapical diseases
I. types and differential diagnosis of apical cyst
Secondly, periapical cysts and non-odontogenic cysts.
Third, periapical disease and bruxism at night.
Four, periapical diseases and tumors and tumor-like diseases
Verb (abbreviation for verb) leukemia
Six, periapical disease and bone tuberculosis
Chapter XIV Tooth Fracture and Dislocation
The first tooth is broken
I. Reasons
Second, the clinical manifestations
Third, treatment.
Dislocation of the second tooth
I. Reasons
Second, the clinical manifestations
Third, treatment.
Fourth, the healing mode after tooth replantation
Chapter 15 apical surgery
First, apexification
Second, root canal filling.
Third, apical curettage.
Fourthly, repair of lateral root perforation.
Five, apical exposure sealing operation
Chapter 16 bleaching treatment of pulpless discolored teeth
First, the causes and mechanism of discoloration of pulpless teeth
Second, the common bleaching methods of pulpless discolored teeth
Third, the complications of pulpless tooth bleaching.
Iv. Preventive measures for external absorption of teeth and neck
Chapter 17 Tooth Restoration after Root Canal Treatment
I. Post-core crown restoration
Second, magnetic retention denture restoration
Three. Fixed movable combined prosthesis
Chapter 18 the application of surgical microscope in endodontics
Section 1 Introduction
I. Structure
Second, the application
Section II Microroot Canal Retreatment
First, the preparation before treatment and the formulation of treatment strategies
Second, the treatment of missing root canal.
Thirdly, the treatment of root canal fillings.
Fourth, the treatment of metal plug in root canal
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Treatment of root canal blockage, step and apical deviation
Six, the treatment of medullary cavity perforation
Seven. conclusion
Section 3 Microsurgery
I indications and contraindications
Second, the surgical steps
Main references