Shortly after Hui Zong acceded to the throne, Cai Jing was attacked by the old school, dismissed and lived in Hangzhou. Song Huizong, who likes calligraphy and painting, sent eunuch Tong Guan to Hangzhou to visit calligraphy and painting. Cai Jing took the opportunity to collude with Tong Guan and sent calligraphy and painting to the palace, so it revived. Cai Jing is good at calligraphy, and he is gradually appreciated by Song Huizong, who loves calligraphy and painting. Deng Yanwu and Wen Yi know that Hui Zong will reuse Cai Jing, and both strongly recommend Cai Jing. In May of the first year of Chongning (1 102), Han Zhongyan, the minister of Zuo Dynasty, was first demoted to the position of magistrate, and Cai Jing was promoted to the position of power. Subsequently, Ceng Bu, the right-hand man, was demoted to magistrate, and Cai Jing was promoted to the right-hand servant archer (night) and assistant minister (right-hand man), and was soon promoted to the left-hand man. Since then, Cai Jing was appointed as the left phase, not the right phase, and he was "alone" for three years.
Cai Jing is a calligrapher. On the right, Poem of Listening to the Qin is a poem written by Cai Jing for the poem of Listening to the Qin by Emperor Hui Zong.
The pianist sitting under the Gu Song tree listening to music was Song Huizong himself, and both sides listened respectfully, Cai Jing in red and Tong Guan in Tsing Yi. In this painting, Cai Jing inscribed a poem, which critics rated as "the font is rough but not crazy, the word is round and smooth" and "the word is vigorous and enjoyable to watch". In my opinion, Cai Jing's reputation as a "calligrapher" is nothing more than being touted by people with smelly feet, which is inevitably exaggerated. Said calmly, this kind of calligraphy is also very general, not only later generations surpass him, I don't know how many, even compared with Evonne's words, it lacks a charming and natural feeling, and even can be said to be "shrinking shoulders", with a kind of "treacherous phase".
Cai Jing was good at pandering, serving as prime minister for four times for seventeen years. He colluded with eunuchs Tong Guan, Yang jiǎn (Ji m: n), Liang Shicheng, Li Yan, powerful ministers Wang Fu, Gao Qiu, Zhu Cuo and others to control the state affairs and exhaust the national financial resources for Song Huizong to squander. They set up Suzhou Yingfeng Bureau and Hangzhou Labor Bureau to specialize in purchasing and manufacturing palace supplies, and also collected exotic flowers and stones from the south and transported them to Kaifeng by a large number of ships, which was called "Huashiban" in history; The construction of Yanfu Palace and Gen (ɡěn) Yue in Kaifeng is costly. Set up "Xicheng Broad Sky Research Institute" to search for Tian Min in a veritable way; In order to make up for the fiscal deficit, the salt law and tea law were changed to ten dollars, and the currency system was in chaos; This led to boiling resentment among the people, which brought great disaster to the people in the Northern Song Dynasty. Historians call Cai Jing one of the most corrupt and fatuous prime ministers in the Northern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Imperial College Chen Dong wrote that Cai Jing, Tong Guan, Zhu CuO, Li Yan, Wang Fu and Liang Shi had become six thieves. And called Cai Jing "the head of the six thieves". In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), after Zhao Huan of Song Qinzong ascended the throne, Cai Jing was banished to Lingnan and died on the way in Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan).
During Hui Zong's time, this place was always dominated by Cai Jing and his henchmen. Under the banner of "reform", they rejected dissidents and attacked their opponents. In September of the first year of Chongning (1 102), at the suggestion of Cai Jing, Sima Guang, Wen Yanbo, Su Zhe and others were appointed 120, and the old law in the period of (1086- 1094) was restored as "Yuan". If the name is engraved on the party tablet, if the name is dead, it shall be ordered to deprive the original official title, and the living one shall be "decentralized" and demoted. Hui Zong also designated Zhang Dun and others as "Fu Yuan party member" and carved stones in court to show contempt. In the third year of Fu Yuan's reign, in March, books written by people who asked the Empress Dowager to tell the truth were censored, and 582 people were investigated, including 4 1 person of Cai Jing followers, all of whom were promoted and reused. The remaining 54 1 person was demoted, demoted or dismissed.
At that time, Cai Jing, Wang Fu, Tong Guan, Liang Shicheng, Zhu CuO and Li Yan, known as the "Six Thieves", formed a decadent ruling group headed by Cai Jing. Cai Jing and Wang Fu successively served as prime ministers or a surname and a teacher, relying on eunuchs Tong Guan and Liang Shicheng, and taking Zhu Cuo and Li Yan as minions to control the overall situation.
Li Chunfang (1511-1584) is a stone deer. His ancestral home was Jurong, and his great-grandfather moved to Xinghua. When I was young, I studied in Huayang Cave, Maoshan, Jurong, nicknamed Master Huayang Cave. In the 26th year of Jiajing (1547), he was the first in Tingjia and the top scholar in high school. After six promotions, Bachelor of imperial academy, Taichang Shao Qing, Assistant Minister of Rites and Shangshu of Rites were given a visit to the Cabinet in the forty-fourth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1565). In the second year of Qin Long's reign (1568), he took over as the official in Xu Jie, and was known as the "Prime Minister of the Champion" in history. Accumulated Shao Shi and Taishigong, awarded Dr. Zhu Guoguang Lu, the official department minister, and a university student in Zhongji Hall.
Ming Shi said that Li Chunfang was respectful, cautious, honest, easy-going and careless. He is decisive in dealing with state affairs. At that time, the imperial clan was a vassal, and it was difficult for him to survive in his later years. He inspected the old laws and regulations, and made strict regulations on the good and bad gifts of the royal family and the supply and reward of the imperial clan. The emperor praised it and named it the "Zongfan Ordinance". He has nothing to lose by being honest. In the spring of the first year of Qin Long (1567), Mu Zong ordered the restoration of Fengxiang Building. He remonstrated: how can the cost of civil engineering survive the first emperor's world? Today's reform should be suitable for turning over a new leaf, but what does the world say? With Mu Zong's consent, the project was cancelled. He presided over government affairs to stabilize the country. At that time, Andan Khan, the leader of Mongolian wing Mert, sought to understand the Ming Dynasty and had an argument with North Korea. When he praised his suggestion for the first time, the emperor adopted it. In the fifth year of Qin Long (157 1), Anda Khan was named "King of Shunyi" and let him surrender, which made him suffer for decades. He was a very important person and was respected and praised by people at that time. Because of repeated false accusations by traitors, he knew that "it is better to be safe than to be safe" and asked for sick leave repeatedly. After five years in Qin Long (157 1), he was allowed to resume his official position.
Li Chunfang has a strong sense of language, and he also likes myths and legends, books that he likes to listen to and speak. Thirteen years after he returned to his hometown, he often went to the bookstore. He is the planner and reviser of the classic The Journey to the West. So far, all versions of The Journey to the West before the 1920s were not written by Wu Cheng'en, but by Huayang Dong Tian Teachers College. After the 1960s, ieee fellow, a scholar, wrote "Wu Cheng'en" and "The Journey to the West", and for the first time thought that Li Chunfang was the master of Huayang Cave. Professor Su Xing concluded in detail that Li Chunfang was "the master of Huayang Cave". 1982, Professor Huang Nai Cheng of Yi nationality wrote "Li Chunfang and Journey to the West", pointing out that the newly carved The Journey to the West is a rare novel in Mandarin, and it is difficult to publish it unless it is recognized by dignitaries. In 2000, Beijing Library Publishing House published Mr. Shen Chengqing's posthumous work "Talking about Wu Cheng'en-Revealing the Author's Problem of The Journey to the West", which proved that The Journey to the West was a close friend of Wu Cheng'en-Ming Jiajing and Qin Long Xinghua Prime Minister Li Chunfang.
Li Chunfang was appointed as "Yongle Dadian" by the General School, and he also quoted The Journey to the West, so he was qualified as the new draft "Zuyuan". Li Chunfang and Wu Cheng'en have been dating for more than 30 years. From the prime of life to the old age, their friendship has a long history, a long history, deep and profound, and can be called literati girlfriends. As early as the 20th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (154 1), Li set up a library to teach in Huai 'an, and had close contacts with Wu. Later, at the critical moment of Wu's career, Li frequently lent a helping hand. The sponsorship of "Changxing County Cheng" and the subsequent rehabilitation of unjust imprisonment enabled Wu to obtain "the compensation for respecting and accumulating goodness", which was the result of operation. Wu He wrote in Yuan Shou Fu: "It is an honor for me to come to Beijing for 20 years, and it is a great metaphor for the public." Expressed Wu's heartfelt thanks to Li; When Li Zhishi returned to his hometown to live at home, Goh Chok Tong gave him four gifts "In Yun Fei", which was a great tribute. When Li's parents celebrated their eightieth birthday, Wu also wrote "Ode to Qi Rongsong of Deshou" to congratulate them, which shows that they are closely related.
After Li Chunfang's death, he was buried in the city in the west of Yangzhou, and was given a "Taishi", an obituary of "Wen Ding" and a sacrifice to the Xiangxian Temple. He is the author of Yi 'antang Collection (10), Zongfan Rules (2) and Mingjuan (10). There is a biography of Ming history.
The important position in Xinghua's history, in addition to the status of prime minister and literary giant, also benefited from the rise and continuation of Li, a prominent family in the southeast, and the formation and rise of Confucian scholars such as Wu Cheng'en, Lu Xixing, Zong Chen, and the joint publication of the classic The Journey to the West and Shen Feng, which made Xinghua rise into a "garden of gentry" in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.
20 1 1 year 1 month 18 (the 15th day of the twelfth lunar month) is the 500th anniversary of the birth of the rural sage Wen Chunfang. This article is written in memory of this famous person in Xinghua history.
Gu (A.D. 1473- 1540) was the number one scholar in the field of B-ultrasound ugliness in the 18th year of Hongzhi of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty (1505). From August in the 17th year of Jiajing (1538) to October in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), Ming Shizong worked as a college student in Wenyuange and Wuyingdian for two years.
Gu has a soft and generous personality, and the evaluation of history books is: "gentle and charming, but he can't do anything, just fill the position." "Five hundred sages in Wuxian County" called him: "Keep the times well, and the name will last forever." He is one of the few top scholars in Suzhou who stepped onto the stage. Yue Opera, Shanghai Opera, Xi Opera and Tan Chun Opera all have ancient Chen Ding. The "ancient" Longpingtan in Suzhou is famous in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, and its performance is booming. So, what kind of person is Gu in history?
Maid bastards don't look like tramps.
Compared with most Suzhou champions and prime ministers who came from scholarly families and noble families, Gu is an "alternative". Among the top scholars and prime ministers in Suzhou, he is the lowest.
Gu's father, Gu Yao, is a small businessman who runs a small shop in a local town doing needlework. His wife is a fierce and jealous woman. There is a "Tsing Yi" maid named Yang, who is beautiful and lovely. Gu Yao's wife strictly guarded her behavior and prohibited Gu Yao from contacting her. Gu Yao is also a man who is afraid of his wife. She usually doesn't dare to look at her directly. One day, the maid went to deliver food to Gu Yao. Just when she arrived at the shop, it rained heavily, so she couldn't go back at once. It rained heavily, so naturally no one came to buy things. Gu Yao and her maid looked at this young, beautiful and docile woman. Gu Yao finally couldn't control himself and had sex with her. There is such a coincidence in the world that a woman is pregnant and gave birth to a chubby boy after being pregnant in October. This boy is Gu, who later won the highest prize and became the prime minister. That year, Gu Yao was 57 years old.
Guyao's wife was very angry when she learned that the old man and his handmaid had raised an illegitimate child. She searched for the boy many times and tried to kill him. Gu Yao had no choice but to throw the child into the mill next door, hoping that the donkey in the mill could be trampled to death. Fortunately, the owner of the mill found out, saved the boy and adopted him. Later, Gu Yao's wife never admitted that Gu Jia had this son and treated his biological mother like a slave. Gu was admitted to a scholar, but Gu Yao's wife didn't think so, and let his biological mother do the dirty work. The champion and queen Gu returned to their hometown in brocade, demanding to see their real mother, saying, "I don't hate to die even if I can see him!" " Finally, with the help of relatives and friends, mother and son finally met. Seeing her mother coming out of the kitchen in rags and unkempt appearance, Gu was heartbroken and cried bitterly with her in her arms.
When Gu was a child, he often ate his last meal and went up the mountain to cut grass and firewood. A bit like an unruly wild child, a waif. One day, Gu and a group of beggars killed a dog and couldn't find firewood to burn. They ran to a ruined temple and moved out the Buddha statue of Luohan as firewood. After the dog meat is ready, Gu can have a hearty meal. This is probably the most delicious and full meal he has ever eaten since he was born.
In diligent study, the green word of the champion makes the king.
Gu is diligent and studious. In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi (1505), he won the first prize in the ugly field of B-ultrasound. There is also an anecdote about Gu Kao: Liu Jianhe, a cabinet minister, was the imperial examination minister studying in the B Ugly Department, among whom Liu Jianhe was the champion of the B Ugly Department in the 11th year of Chenghua (1475). The topic of palace examination was drafted by Liu Jian. When the examinee was answering the questions, Xie Qian asked Liu Jianke what was the purpose of raising policy questions. Liu Jian said: "It's just a pure king's heart." It means to find Zhou Wen and Wang Zhidao with Zhou Wenwang's heart. Xie Qian said: "This meaning is not easy to understand! If I take this test, I will definitely not get this champion! " Just as the two ministers were talking, Gu had already answered the question. However, after careful examination, it was found that one page of the booked test paper was missed by mistake. The article pays attention to internal logic, and it is not easy to fill in a page in the middle. Gu, who used his quick wits, racked his brains and finally wrote a blank sheet of paper. I don't know if I heard the conversation between Liu and Xie, or it was a coincidence. This barely added a page of text to meet the requirements of Liu Jian's question. When marking the papers, Liu Jian looked around and found no papers that understood his intentions. Just when he was disappointed, he read Gu's paper and couldn't help but say happily, "How dare scholars all over the world despise it! Someone has understood what I mean! "
At the end of Gu's test paper, there is still a blank line of 19, and the marking minister of this subject happens to have 19 people. According to the regulations at that time, every marking minister had to write his own comments. When Liu Jian saw it, he couldn't help but sigh: "This person has great intentions, and the place where each of us wrote comments has been left!" Therefore, Gu was chosen as one of the best, and was given to the emperor as the champion.
As soon as Gu entered the Hanlin, Ming Xiaozong died. Zheng De, who inherited the throne, is a typical bad king. Zheng De died of debauchery in March of the 16th year (152 1). Since Wu Zong had no children, according to the ancestral teachings of his brothers and sisters, his cousin Zhu Houzong became the heir to the throne, namely Ming Shizong, and was renamed "Jiajing" in the following year, commonly known as Jiajing Emperor. Since then, Gu's fate has changed, and he began to rise to the highest level until he became the deputy prime minister.
Emperor Jiajing was superstitious about immortality. In the second year of his life, he set up an altar in Gan Qing Palace to pray. Since then, I have been trapped in seeking immortality. When praying in Zhan Mu, it is a kind of prose to read a eulogy to the "God of Heaven". It needs to express the emperor's respect for God and sincerity in seeking immortality in an extremely gorgeous style, and write it on green paper with a brush, hence the name "Qing Ci". At that time, several ministers who were ordered to write lyrics were of average level, and Emperor Jiajing was very dissatisfied. Gu regarded this as a good opportunity to please the emperor. He wrote seven chapters of Bu Xu Ci, that is, seven high-level "green words", which clearly stated that Chen Zhai altar should be like this, in line with the fasting prayer ceremony. Emperor Jiajing was very happy to see that he played the "green word" in moderation, and "praised and answered your letter". Therefore, he became the first minister favored by Qing Ci in Sejong Dynasty. "The History of Ming Dynasty" records that "Ci officials take Qing Ci as their master and Ding Guan advocates it."
Save the mulberry and save the blessing.
In the 17th year of Jiajing (1538), in August, Gu entered the cabinet as a Prince of Taibao, a minister of rites, and a college student of Wenyuange. In the first month of next year, Jia Shaobao will start his career, and he will be promoted to the University of Wuyingtang. After Gu became prime minister, the most glorious thing was that the emperor visited southern China for three months. Zhai Luan, a college student, said: "Stay at home, stay at home, and go down to Iraq and Zhou, so goodbye." Careless and disloyal people are not enough to say such things. "Ming Shi" comments Gu as "gentle and charming, omnipotent, just filling the position"; Shen Defu also said that he "knows nothing about his career". Practically speaking, Gu has done many things that benefit the country and the people.
First, care about the national economy, please measure the fields. Gu was one of the few ministers who cared about economy in Ming Dynasty, and an economist in the middle of Ming Dynasty. The History of Diet in Ming Dynasty used a lot of space to record his thoughts and actions on economy. Ancient land tax is an important financial source of the country. "From Hongwu to Hongzhi in 140 years, the land in the world has been reduced by half." The amount of land in the world has decreased by more than half, and the national tax revenue is unsustainable. Accordingly, Gu proposed to re-measure the agricultural land in the whole country, check the agricultural land, return the land to the people and reform the tax system. So Sejong ordered the Ministry of Housing to inspect the farmland and return all the people who occupied the farmland to their original owners.
Second, reduce taxes in Jiangnan. Jiangnan has been heavily taxed since ancient times, and Gu, who was born in Jiangnan, is very concerned about the increasingly serious tax problem in Jiangnan. He is very sympathetic to the people's suffering. As early as when he was Zheng De's counselor, he pointed out that in many places in the south of the Yangtze River, food and agriculture harmed the country, and the people often "blamed themselves, implicated their relatives, and hundreds of innocent people died in Chu". In this regard, he discussed four problems of money and grain reform, analyzed the causes of the problems in detail, and put forward countermeasures one by one. In the 18th year of Jiajing (1539), Gu, as a university student, once again neglected the taxation in the south of the Yangtze River. He said: "Jiangsu, Song, Changzhou, Zhen, Jia, Hu and Hangzhou are the seven governments in the world, and Li's right-wing position is extremely harmful. It is advisable to check and correct the ruined fields one by one. " Finally, Emperor Jiajing ordered Ouyang Duo, the governor, to cut down the land tax, so that the heavy tax service in Jiangnan was once reduced.
Third, care about the sufferings of the people and ask for relief. In the fifteenth year of Jiajing (1536), the rain in Beijing continued, the houses were dilapidated and countless people drowned. Other counties in the country were also flooded. Gu specially wrote the poem "Precious Rain", reflecting the flood disaster in the north; He also talked about "the pain that hurts foreigners extremely" and advised the emperor to "cultivate the hearts of the people and solve their difficulties to eliminate hidden dangers." Therefore, we must do what we want to do. Before he died of serious illness, he also played: "First, double salt method to prepare for the side plan; Second, promote water conservancy in Beijing, Shandong and Henan, open up rice fields and save water transportation; Three, the manager of Fu Xuan, Datong, Jizhou, Liaodong, Shaanxi border, protect the capital; Fourth, through Hetao, manage Gansu to save Shaanxi; Five, Songpan, to save Shu "("Gu Guanwen "), strongly advocated rectifying the salt tax system, eradicating the Yellow River floods, building water conservancy projects, and reclaiming Xintian.
Fourth, build Kunshan City to protect my hometown from Japan. Kunshan county was the earliest place to "lay bamboo as a fence", which was still the case in Song Dynasty. In the 17th year of Yuan Dynasty (1357), a tucheng was built to prevent pirates in eastern Zhejiang. In the fifth year of Jiajing (1526), Zhoulun and Kunshan, the capitals of Yi people, were near the East China Sea, and were repeatedly looted by the Japanese army. Therefore, the request for building a brick city was fruitless. In the seventeenth year of Jiajing (1538), after Gu entered the cabinet, he thought that his hometown was near the sea and Tucheng fell, which was repeatedly ravaged by the Japanese army. So he personally wrote "Foundry Department Rebuilds City Wall" and invited coastal counties without city walls to build brick walls for the second time. With Gu's permission, Kunshan first built a brick wall. He took the lead in donating the money the emperor gave him to "provide for the aged". As an advocacy, he mobilized people to donate money in succession. The project started in February of Jiajing 18th year and was completed in May the following year. The circumference of the new city wall is 12, with a total length of 2,387 feet, a height of 2 feet and a pile height of 4,587. This city is the same as that of the Yuan Dynasty. Since then, the people of Kunshan have relied on this solid city wall to repel the Japanese invasion many times, including 90 days in Jiajing thirty-three years (1554), which saved Kunshan City and saved the people from disaster. In order to commemorate Gu's meritorious deeds in building the city, in the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559), the governor gave an invitation to build a "Gong Chong Temple" in the former site of Fahuatang of Yanghuiju Temple in Maanshan, Kunshan, and the university students wrote the inscription "Madam Bao Gu Gong Chong Temple".
Gu has done a lot of practical things that benefit the country and the people within his power, and is a good official who can care about the sufferings of the people and state affairs. Zhai Luan, a great scholar, called him "a practitioner of Jiajing Zhongxing, and he should return to China", which made great contributions to Jiajing Zhongxing. Suzhou Canglang Pavilion's Biography of Wu Jun's 500 Sages praised it as "Zebei Southeast, and merits still exist; Preserve the times and be famous in history. "
In order to commemorate Gu, later generations built the "Gu Temple", and there is a stone tablet next to it to commemorate his achievements in building the city. There is an ancient academy in the south of Kunshan City God Temple. In rural areas, there are also Qifeng Square, Square and Prime Minister Square built for Gu.