Obviously, the premise of Expo (or browsing) is to choose a certain number of suitable books. So, how to choose books? Generally speaking, the following factors can be considered:
First, choose good books according to your actual needs.
Books are used to help you study, so the books you choose must be "professional counterparts". When making a choice, if you are not sure, you'd better consult a famous or experienced person, or you can refine the essence through your own browsing and comparison.
Second, we should pay attention to the combination of "extensive" and "profound" when choosing books.
The so-called "extensive" means not only reading theoretical books related to what you have learned, but also reading literary works; Read not only professional books, but also books outside the major. It is no exaggeration to say that if reading is not extensive, learning is often unsustainable and deeply inadequate. The so-called "profound" is to choose the most useful one on the basis of "extensive" and study and master it in depth. For example, when reading literary works, we should not only widely read Chinese and foreign masterpieces of various genres, but also intensively read a certain category and a certain department, so as to find something and put forward our own new ideas and opinions. It should be noted that broadness and profundity should complement each other and should be organically combined. If you only have extensive knowledge without profound knowledge, it will be complicated and superficial. As the saying goes, "every family has its own problems." Conversely, without a broad foundation, it is not advisable to pursue profundity blindly. Pay attention to reading strategies
Middle school is the peak of life learning. According to statistics, studying for 40 weeks a year and studying for 50 hours a week, totaling1.2000 hours, is equal to 1/3j of a person's total reading time (3 60000 hours) after taking part in work, and is equal to L/36 of a person's lifetime reading time (680000 hours). In this precious reading time, how to achieve good reading results, the choice of reading strategies is very important.
One of the strategies: directional reading.
"Life is limited, but you know it is not." If you spend precious life reading time on aimless reading, it will undoubtedly have little effect. There is a man named Pisgacho in Nicholas Nikolai Gogol's masterpiece Dead Soul. He is addicted to books and reads everything. As a result, because he had no choice, no goal of studying, he finally achieved nothing.
Middle school education is an important foundation of a person, which often has a far-reaching impact on Liu Yisheng's growth. Many famous scientists and scholars set their lifelong goals when they were in middle school. Chen Jingrun was determined to devote himself to mathematics when he was in middle school, and Zhou Ren was interested in studying China ancient ceramics when he was in middle school. Therefore, for middle school students, on the basis of extensive reading, choosing one or two "central interests" for a lot of in-depth reading will definitely get twice the result with half the effort.
Middle school students have great potential for extracurricular reading. Some people have made a comparative statistics on the reading volume of middle school students in and out of class: junior one students read about 700 thousand words of various teaching books in one semester, and senior one students read about 6.5438+0.3 million words of various teaching materials in one semester; At the same time, they are very interested in extracurricular reading, the reading amount can reach 700,000 and 6,543.8+million words respectively, and the average ratio between in-class and out-of-class is 654.38+0.9. With such a huge amount of reading, if you can establish your central interest and read directionally according to your interests, goals and abilities, you will certainly gain a lot.
② Strategy 2: Choose reading.
Mathematician Wang Zikun said that reading should be chosen. There are all kinds of books in the world: some are not worth reading, some are only worth reading for 20 minutes, some can be read for 5 years, some can be kept for a lifetime, and some will make water immortal. But even the immortal super classics must be chosen because of our limited energy and time.
The strategy we choose can start from the following two aspects:
The first aspect is "reading first-class books". In a sea of books and articles, it is not difficult to find out which first-class representative works belong to a certain discipline as long as they are carefully screened and compared. As long as you are familiar with these works, you can appreciate the whole picture of the discipline and understand the self-development of the discipline.
The second aspect is, "read books written by first-class scholars." The so-called first-class scholars refer to the most famous and authoritative scientists and scholars in this field. They stand at the forefront of this discipline or research field and have an insight into the origin and development trend of this field. Reading their books can help us fully and accurately understand the development of this subject. Understand "first-class expansion" and "books written by first-class authors". The method is to know through the recommended bibliography, or ask the teachers and parents to recommend the introduction. How to choose excellent books
All the suitable books have been found. How to further select the excellent ones? You may wish to learn from the following famous experiences.
Look at the beginning and end. Know the situation. If you ask new questions, the first page or two may be fascinating and readable. If the last few paragraphs are really new or unexpected, read them carefully.
Read it backwards. There are often some blank short articles in the removed periodicals, which are generally less than 1000 words. "The sparrow is small. Everything is complete. " These articles are short and pithy, don't miss them.
(3) When reading, use your nose to smell, learn from the blind monk in Si Wenlang, a famous article in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, and use your T-nose to smell out the merits and demerits of the article. If you smell something wrong, you can stop. Those who claim to be "famous" or unnecessarily call themselves young women writers should read it carefully.
There are many situations when you come across a book you don't understand. First, my academic ability is insufficient. This book is really brilliant. Second, the author "guesses" what he knows little, and uses expressions that people can't understand to scare people. Don't look. Don't be cheated.
Pet-name ruby novels haven't seen wonderful chapters, shuttling back and forth, there are ordinary chapters, and even failed. If you can't read clearly and are out of breath, you can pause, insert bookmarks and skip the class to continue reading. After reading the book, look back at Pause. To judge whether it is a failed idea or a brilliant idea.
⑥ Pay attention to the work of newcomers. Newcomers can stand out in today's environment, and they must have strength and cannot be ignored.
Extracurricular reading plays an important role in our study. Extensive extracurricular reading workshops can effectively make up for the lack of reading in class. Therefore, extracurricular reading should also be "screened and selected". Let's talk briefly about how to choose extracurricular reading materials. Pay attention to pertinence and interest when choosing extracurricular reading materials.
Books are my good friends. A good book can guide you to the other side of maturity. In our student days, reading more books about life, ideals and self-cultivation can provide us with rich nutrition and benefit us for life.
To sum up, the choice of extracurricular reading materials should be targeted and suitable for your own actual situation. If your knowledge in a certain field is poor, you might as well find some excellent books in this field to read, which will enable you to learn what you have learned in class forever and make up for your knowledge deficiency. Even, it is no exaggeration to say that a good book can lay the direction of your future life development. Therefore, it is very important to choose suitable extracurricular reading materials and insist on extracurricular reading.
Choosing extracurricular books should also be interesting. Needless to say, the singularity of extracurricular reading is mainly based on strong reading interest, and the stimulation of interest is closely related to the interest of books. If the book is boring, boring, and unwilling to read, the result is definitely not easy to read.
There are no more than three kinds of extracurricular reading materials.
There are a large number of extracurricular reading materials, ranging from astronomy to geography, mathematics, physics, literature, history and philosophy, which can be roughly divided into two categories: one is classic reading materials, which is conducive to consolidating and expanding knowledge and further developing good study habits; The second is culture and education, that is, reading books that are conducive to broadening horizons and increasing knowledge and talents in all aspects; Third, entertainment (or games), that is, books that help to relax the pace of life and adjust interest.
Classic reading is a cultural treasure that we will inherit forever. Before the holiday, many academic columns and teachers made a list of books according to the reading ability of students of different grades, mostly based on classics, biographies and Chinese and foreign cultural books. Junior high school students and senior high school students can go to the literature bookstore to read original masterpieces, such as China's four classic masterpieces and some world classics, which is of great benefit to improving their literary appreciation ability. Elementary and middle school students can choose the abbreviated version and illustrated version of famous works, and write them according to the acceptance ability of children of different ages. Traditional enlightenment books in China, such as Three Hundred Thousand, are also good for children's mental development. In modern and contemporary literature in China, the works of writers such as Bing Xin are also suitable for children to read. Cultural and educational books contain the power of knowledge. Books on culture, education and popular science are most reassuring. They teach people to be kind, beautiful and seek truth. For example, various composition competitions and the selection of exam-oriented compositions have a direct effect on the improvement of writing ability. Now we strongly advocate reducing the burden of study. Therefore, in addition to the necessary counseling books, teachers and parents should not increase their children's learning burden. Extracurricular reading should focus on popular science books that broaden horizons and knowledge, such as "100,000 Why" and "China Youth Encyclopedia". Popular science books imported from abroad, such as Science of Terror, are unique and worth reading.
Entertainment books are happy companions after school. Since the online world is so unpredictable, experts suggest to minimize online games, video games and other books and periodicals during the summer vacation. Some game books that can cultivate practical ability and artistic accomplishment are our good partners now. Such as paper prints, models, origami, clay sculptures, DIY household items and other illustrated books can stimulate our hands-on ability. Books such as riddles, humorous stories and brain teasers are interesting and can develop intelligence, but we should pay attention to some books with low quality and grandstanding.
There may be something too "nonsense".
How to read a good book
How to read a good book after choosing it?
(1) Pay attention to the key points when reading.
The main purpose of reading is to understand. It is necessary to establish an analysis system according to the theme. First observe a sentence with complete ideas and paragraphs, then analyze the words that make up the sentence, and finally identify the letters. In other words, first find out the key points and purposes emphasized by the author and understand the structure of the book from the catalogue. Find several important arguments and read them carefully. You can assume that you are a detective. To find out the theme, ideas and other clues in the book, we must always be alert to achieve our goals quickly. Read a difficult book for the first time. It's best to read it all at once, and don't stop to think or verify because you don't know the soil. If you can read it quickly, you will learn more and absorb more the second time. Looking up references too early will not only help us, but also hinder our reading. You must also be able to read at different speeds. It can also be used as a pointer, which can not only train to improve reading speed, but also promote more concentration.
A very important principle of reading is active reading.
The simple rule of active reading-ask questions while reading, and you must try to answer them yourself. No matter what you read, you should ask questions, and these questions are also related to the content of key books. What are they usually related to?
What did the author describe in detail?
Is this book true?
What does this book have to do with you?
In order to grasp the key points and point out the development of the author's series of viewpoints, you should link all the viewpoints anyway.
There is no other way to cultivate habits, but to form the habit of reading by practicing constantly. Custom is a second nature. Only by mastering the rules can we skillfully use them, master the principles, and form habits with constant practice and application.
③ Key learning methods can be divided into three stages:
The first stage-find out the law of the book content.
Classify works according to their types and themes.
Describe the contents of this book with the shortest words.
List the outlines of each part one by one in the order of content development.
Determine the problem to be solved by the author.
The second stage-the rules of interpreting the content of the work.
Find out the author's keywords and understand the meaning of these words. Find out the important sentences, grasp the author's main propositions, find out the interrelated sentences, organize them so as to understand the author's arguments, determine the problems that the author has solved and solved, and finally sum up the problems that he can't solve.
The third stage is to comment on the rules of a book.
General rules of intelligent etiquette for commenting.
Don't agree, go against the times or have doubts before you fully understand the work.
Don't object or refute maliciously.
When criticizing a work, it is necessary to provide reasons or evidence for female criticism.
B. Special criteria for criticism
Prove the author's ignorance
Accuse the author of imparting wrong knowledge.
Testify for the author's illogical views.
Prove that the author's analysis or explanation is incomplete.
Explanatory books mainly convey knowledge. Only after thinking and drawing up the rules can we grasp the key points and understand them in one day. Wise behavior is based on knowledge. A theoretical book that tells you what's going on. Practical books teach you how to do what you want and how to think of you.
What must be done. What theory wants to express is the real thing, not the content of the thing itself. Instead of making suggestions and methods to get better conclusions. The scope of philosophy books is not beyond people's daily life experience.
We must learn to read different kinds of knowledge with an appropriate attitude.
We must read and understand a book from one angle. The most important thing is to grasp the structure and main points of the article. Every book worth reading has a complete structure and all parts are systematically organized. The more perfect the work, the more complete its structure. We must know that in J, every part of the whole should be organized. If some parts are not just collections, but complex combinations of planned and arranged plots, you must find ways to find them. The story in the world is very limited, and the arrangement of the story depends on how the author puts on the coat for the main ten of the story. You should have your own experience, just as the author has his own opinion. bale