2017-10-1510:13 reading/library
A 0-year-old child can read books bit by bit and likes reading in public libraries.
Pupils can read at will, regardless of occasion, posture or bibliography.
Shan Wen, a Shanghai teacher studying in Finland, took her son to experience the reading ecology in Finland. Finland, why is it called a paradise for scholars?
Xiaojue Town tore the book into pieces again, and the pages were scattered all over the floor. For him, the book is just a "thing", a real "thing" like a spoon, wood, toy and water cup. Here, take a bite first. Oh, so paper tastes like this. Pull it with your hand and the book will break. He is very happy.
I understand sleep. I would rather open the book with him and start a journey of discovering the world. Let's start with the first book of Finnish babies.
Starting with babies,
Play with books as toys
The first book in Xiaojue Town was sent by the Finnish government. This is a poem picture book that every Finnish baby will have. This is a bilingual hard-board book in Finnish and Swedish. It came to Xiaojue Town with a "baby box".
The habit of reading in Finland really began at the age of zero. The government wants children to absorb the rhythm of language from their parents' chanting at an early age.
Finnish children's reading ability often ranks first in the world in PISA tests. In my life, I also feel how much Finns attach importance to reading.
Finland has the densest library in the world. I often watch Finnish parents pushing strollers or children with straps playing and reading in the children's section of the library. The library also has a fixed story-telling time every week, and parents are invited to bring their children to listen to stories.
Books for babies,
It is a book that really needs to be played.
When I was a guest at my friend's house in Finland, she also introduced me to the baby's bath book. You can hear mom and dad reading picture books when you take a shower. Ducks, dolphins and boats float on the water page by page, which makes the baby curious and becomes a good playmate to accompany the baby to take a bath.
I have tasted both cloth books and audio books at home.
Take a bite, the original paper is so hard; Click it, and a voice comes out; Pay close attention to turning the page is a green forest, and turning the page is a vast white snow.
I like the joy and surprise on his face when he opens a new world. I think this is the original interest of reading-satisfying and stimulating curiosity.
When parents see their children interacting with a book, dancing and laughing, don't interfere, don't stop and don't educate him. It was his most intoxicated moment.
What bothers me is the three-dimensional cave book borrowed from the library, which has the "invisible pattern" folded upside down. 7-month-old Xiao Jue has a good sense of pattern combination, and digging holes greatly satisfies his visual curiosity.
Xiaojue Town is reading in the city library.
When borrowing books, I asked the staff, "I like eating very much at this stage of my nap." What if the book is bitten by him? " Do you want to pay? "
"I understand that our precious books often encounter this problem, and we don't have to spend money to buy them. We have professional book revisers who can read as much as they like. " I was very moved by the staff's answer. The people in the library arrange people to repair it, and the baby is not restricted from reading books.
In this reading environment, books have really become a baby's toy.
Psychologist David Berlin distinguished two types of curiosity.
One is called sensory curiosity. The curiosity of Xiaojue Town is still in the stage of sensory curiosity. At first, these books satisfied and stimulated Xiao Jue's sensory curiosity, including visual (picture books), auditory (audio books) and tactile (cave books). Books, for him, are toys with five senses.
With the growth of age, the second kind of curiosity, that is, cognitive curiosity, becomes more important.
Reading and exploring the laws behind things and giving children "100,000 Why" answers can greatly satisfy and stimulate children's cognitive curiosity.
Looking back on your childhood growth experience is a process of being raised and losing curiosity. Why am I losing my curiosity, creativity and imagination compared with children? A very important reason is that when I asked "why", my parents didn't respond or even rudely refused. Over time, my cognitive curiosity did not get positive feedback and did not form a virtuous circle of "curiosity-reading-answering-new curiosity-reading-answering", so it gradually degenerated.
Curiosity, creativity and imagination are just the decoding and construction abilities needed in reading. Perhaps the truth is that it is not that we don't cultivate reading habits, but that after losing our inherent cognitive curiosity, we find reading boring and uninteresting, so it is difficult to fall in love with reading.
What kind of objective reading environment has Finland created? What kind of reading ecology has pushed the reading ability (PISA test) of Finnish 15-year-old children to the first place in the world?
Free reading in the classroom
In the aisle, three or five students lay on the ground, their heads facing the center, and made a flower.
This is the scene when I visited a primary school in Finland, and the students read together. I'm a little unaccustomed to watching them read books on the ground.
The second-grade class teacher told me: "This is normal in Finland. Students in the lower grades of primary school have two free reading classes every week. Students are not limited to occasions, postures and texts at school. Students can read books in classrooms, walkways, libraries, corners, and anywhere they want to stay. "
Finnish primary schools have very close cooperation with local libraries. Students can go out of school and read in the city library or the nearby community library. Seven-year-olds can apply for a library card. They can borrow books from physical libraries, and there are also mobile libraries that serve schools and kindergartens.
A thoughtful loan system
When I went to the community library to borrow books from Xiaojue, I was not only surprised that the small community also had its own library, but also admired the efficient and convenient borrowing system here.
If the library near you doesn't have the books you want, just search the library's web page and click the mouse. In a few days, an email will tell you that the book has been picked up in the nearest library or at a designated place. You only need to spend 50 cents to enjoy such convenient service.
If you like a book very much, after you renew it for three times, the electronic system of the library will ask you if you need the library to order it for you. After payment, they will buy you this book and mail it to your home! This is really a paradise for scholars!
It is said that Finland has the highest library density in the world, with more than 300 central libraries, more than 500 local book branches, 150 mobile libraries and 12500 mobile library stations, forming a dense library network system.
There is a library for every 2,000 Finns. A Finn goes to the library ten times a year on average and borrows 18 books. Since19th century, the vision of "being a civilized citizen" has led Finns to build a large number of libraries.
bookmobile
Bring the library to the children
Even if you live in the countryside and have no library, you can get in touch with a wealth of books at zero distance, because the mobile library in Finland will deliver books to everyone.
As an important part of library system, mobile library is very popular in Finland.
The first mobile library in Finland started at 1962. Today, Finland has 150 mobile libraries and 12500 mobile stations. Even in the densely populated south of Finland, mobile libraries can travel 50,000 kilometers a year, and even further in the north.
Most of these mobile libraries are based on buses, which not only provide all kinds of books, magazines, newspapers and audio-visual materials, but also are equipped with reading chairs and sofas. With the characteristic leisure space, there will be no shortage of music and music. In the mobile library, you can still enjoy different diversified spaces.
Mainly serving remote communities and schools, as well as the elderly who are inconvenient to go out. The number of visits is about once or twice a week. This will undoubtedly put into practice the core of the fair enjoyment of cultural resources pursued by Finns.
Children in remote areas can't go to the library, so let the library look for children.
This makes Finland the country with the highest library utilization rate in the world. Reading is not a compulsory course in school, but a part of life.
Inside the Finnish Mobile Library
Reading,
The foundation of high-rise buildings in various disciplines of architecture
During my six-month nap, I met Professor Heikki Lyytinen in college. He is a professor of psychology at the university, studying children's dyslexia, and a chair professor at UNESCO. In recent years, he has devoted himself to helping children all over the world improve their reading and writing skills.
He said that there are two main factors that lead to children's dyslexia: "The first one is biological and is caused by children's genes. Worldwide, 5% of children's dyslexia is caused by biological reasons. In Finland, the figure is about 3%. The second category is environmental reasons. For example, children's reading education is not in place, which leads to reading problems for children. From a global perspective, such children can reach 90%, including many developing countries, such as African countries. But in Finland, there are almost zero children with dyslexia due to environmental reasons. "
Haiji's job is to reduce this 90% on a global scale.
90% to 0? I was dumbfounded when I heard this data.
Putting away my surprised expression, I asked, "How does Finland evaluate children with dyslexia?" .
"We have a reading ability assessment, which is a reading ability test for 4-and 5-year-old children in Finland to see if they have reading ability before going to primary school to cope with the next study. The local government will send special education teachers to each kindergarten to conduct a one-on-one assessment of each child, find out the children who may need help, and provide help and intervention in time. "
You know, kindergartens in Finland have never had any formal courses. Children's main activities are play, group games and free play time. There is not even a formal evaluation of children in kindergartens.
However, the government should send a special teacher (usually a special education teacher, a psychologist and an oral therapist) to "evaluate reading" for children?
This reflects the Finnish educational philosophy of "reserving resources for children in need" and their preschool education philosophy: children don't necessarily need to learn to read, but they must find out whether they have the ability and interest in reading as soon as possible, because such ability will really affect their study life.
"If this assessment fails? Does it really mean that children have dyslexia? " I hope Haiji will continue to answer my questions.
"It doesn't matter if it doesn't pass. We help children make progress through interesting reading games. It is GraphoGame software that helps children learn the relationship between language and letters through interesting games. "
It is found that children who can't keep up with their studies in 1-2 grade will learn the relationship between language and letters through GraphoGame software, which will have better teaching effect and shorter learning time than teachers' one-on-one teaching.
The success of this plan lies in timely diagnosis, help and intervention at the beginning of children's backwardness, and the process of intervention is through pleasant games.
If Finnish children fail to pass the reading ability assessment, they can also log on to LukiMat education website to help children with reading ability and math development difficulties to complete the smooth transition from teenagers to teenagers.
Finns believe that reading is the cornerstone of all disciplines, and only by laying a solid foundation can we gradually build a learning building.
Hundreds of years ago, the Lutheran Church in Finland stipulated that you must be literate to get married. This kind of history, invisibly in Finnish values, has taken root in encouraging literacy and reading.
Nowadays, Finns, from 0-year-old poetry picture books to libraries in big cities and towns all over the country, to creating a small family environment and a big social atmosphere to encourage reading, find children in need early through reading ability assessment ... All aspects of reading reflect the consideration of building a reading lifestyle from children.
In this way, children fly into space by reading and sneak into the ant nest.