The outline emphasizes that the environment is an important educational resource, and children's development should be effectively promoted through the creation and utilization of the environment. Chomsky also thinks that environment can produce stimulating effect and shaping effect. Creating a suitable environment is very important for children's interest. A good reading environment should have a quiet, beautiful, spacious and bright reading place with a certain literary atmosphere.
Children's behavior is generally unconscious and is often dominated by certain situations. Therefore, the formation of a certain habit depends on the recurrence of a certain situation to a certain extent. So creating a good reading environment is to create conditions for the formation of good reading habits.
First of all, we pay attention to the scientific location of the reading area, and set the corner of the book near the window to avoid being adjacent to the noisy construction area and performance area, and ensure that there are sufficient light sources.
In addition, we also set up a large area according to the age and number of children, and equipped with bookshelves suitable for children's height, with soft, comfortable, bright and beautiful cushions and carpets in the corner of the book. Create a comfortable and interesting reading environment for children. Children in this environment are physically and mentally happy, feel the endless fun of reading, and unconsciously extend the time of continuous reading.
Books are children's reading objects, and there are many illustrated books. What kind of "vision" should teachers have to help children choose? Only books suitable for children's age characteristics can arouse children's interest and cultivate reading habits. Children are young, have low cognitive level and aesthetic ability, and lack the ability to distinguish things. Teachers and parents must choose good books. Try to provide beautiful Chinese and foreign fairy tales, fables, natural sciences, comprehensive knowledge and other children's books. It covers a wide range, has positive ideological significance, is full of children's life interest, and can teach children in many ways. We should resist those ghost stories with ugly, absurd and unscientific characters. In the face of a pile of books, we should respect children's right to choose books, so as to stimulate their desire to read again, improve their interest in reading, and thus develop their imagination, observation and knowledge transfer ability more effectively. Only by making children like reading can they gradually develop good reading habits.
When teachers distribute books for the book corner, they can also link reading activities with activities in other areas around the theme of class activities, and at the same time cultivate children's habit of looking for needed information in books. For example, the theme of our class's activities is "Beautiful Spring". Teachers post all kinds of flowers and pictures related to spring in the book corner, put some popular science books featuring spring with exquisite illustrations, poems and nursery rhymes, and guide children to make their own books with pictures downloaded from the Internet ... Due to the purposeful guidance of teachers, children's reading has become a branch and an important part of the theme activities.
In order to keep children interested in books, we change books regularly, supplement books according to actual needs, or consider whether to change them according to the popularity of each book we observe. Encouraging children to bring home books to kindergarten for communication and enjoyment not only greatly expands children's reading range, but also strengthens communication among peers.
Second, formulate appropriate reading rules.
Children's behavior persistence and self-control ability are poor. Formulating reading rules suitable for children is an important means to limit bad reading behavior, and also an important guarantee to urge children to repeat good reading behavior purposefully and consciously. We often encounter such a scene: the book in the corner of the book is torn to pieces; Several children cried for the same book; Some children want to read a book, but the children who are playing around are so bored that they abandon the book ... It is necessary to formulate reading rules suitable for children, which not only helps to create an atmosphere suitable for reading, but also ensures the reading effect, and can cultivate children's good moral awareness. In the rules, children learn personality qualities such as communication, consultation and respect for others, which plays an important role in ensuring the cultivation of children's good reading habits.
We require children to use "access cards" and limit the number of people sitting according to the size of reading space, so as to avoid crowding when children read and ensure that everyone has appropriate space. In order to ensure the quiet of the reading room, children are required to walk lightly and speak softly; In order to make children develop the habit of caring for books, we should formulate "handle books with care, turn pages gently in the corner of the book when reading, don't scribble on the book" and "don't compete when reading, but share with each other"; In order to meet children's reading needs, children can take books home, but they must register with the teacher and return them in time.
When making rules, we should guide children to act according to the rules. Teachers can make children understand the meaning of rules through educational means such as stories or situational performances. For example, when guiding children not to tear books, teachers can say "The book baby is crying" and "Why is the book baby crying?" "He was very sad because his clothes were torn." Another example is: when teachers guide children not to compete for books, they can let them watch the children compete for books and consult each other to watch the scene performance of the same book, so that children can feel that the problem can be solved quickly through consultation. There is a certain process to make children consciously abide by the rules, which requires teachers and students to persevere for a long time, and children will form a habit imperceptibly.
Third, teach children the correct reading methods.
Correct reading methods and skills can make children read smoothly, and experience the pleasure of reading from it, thus generating the desire to read again.
First of all, we should teach children to read in order, teach them to know the cover, back cover and inside pages of a book, and know that reading a book should be read page by page from beginning to end. When observing a picture, you should also do it in a certain order, just like looking at the picture and talking. For example, know when it is on the screen, where it is painted, what is on the screen, what people are doing, and so on. Carefully observe, analyze and judge the expressions, actions and relationships of various roles.
Secondly, it is necessary to cultivate children's ability to summarize the whole book, that is, to say the general idea. When reading, compare and observe the changing parts of the picture before and after, find out the similarities and differences and contact points, analyze the relationship between the background and the characters, learn to distinguish good from evil, beauty and ugliness, and then improve reading ability. With the correct methods and skills, children can gradually transition from reading with adults to reading independently. The cultivation of reading methods does not require sameness and tolerance of differences.