2. Fraser spiral illusion. The arc seems to be rotating, but it is actually composed of a group of concentric circles. This illusion was discovered by British psychologist james frazer in 1906. The key to the illusion is the directional small cells in the background, which make the simple and continuous lines formed on the retina tilt and produce the illusion of spiral rise.
3. Miao Lei Lyle hallucination. Because the arrows at both ends of the line are in different directions, the inward ground wire is longer than the outward one. This illusion was put forward by Mueller leye county in 1889. The reason may be that the arrow will shrink the straight line outward. Experiments show that this mismatch is most obvious when the straight line length is 8-50 mm; If the length of a straight line increases, hallucinations will decrease.
4. Ebbinghaus illusion. In the two groups of circles, the center circle on the right looks bigger than the center circle on the left, but in fact they are the same size. A circle surrounded by a big circle looks smaller than a circle surrounded by a small circle. This illusion was discovered by German psychologist hermann ebbinghaus, who was one of the first psychologists to study the advanced psychological process of human beings by experimental methods and put forward the famous Ebbinghaus forgetting curve.
5. the Czollner illusion. Several long lines are parallel to each other, but with short lines in different directions, it looks uneven. This is the so-called Czollner illusion. For this geometric illusion, neurophysiological theory holds that when two contours are close to each other, their projections on the retina are also close to each other, which leads to mutual inhibition between nerve cells in the retina, thus producing the illusion of geometric shape and direction.
6. Helmholtz illusion. Can vertical stripes really make your body longer? This is a wrong view. In fact, the effect of stripes is obvious, which is based on Helmholtz illusion. Hermann helmholtz, a famous German physicist, physiologist and psychologist, found that two squares of the same size were filled with a set of vertical parallel lines and a set of horizontal parallel lines respectively. Although the actual areas are equal, the vertical lines seem to cover a larger area. Therefore, in the book Handbook of Physiological Optics published by 1867, he also suggested to the fashion world that women wear stripes to look taller.
7. Deborah illusion. The same amount of food, put in different sizes of plates, looks different, which reflects Deborah's illusion. This illusion was discovered by the Belgian philosopher Desbove in 1865. This is the illusion of area size caused by contrast. In fact, under the background of rings with different sizes, several circles with the same size look unequal in area.
8. Ellenstein illusion. Ellenstein illusion is also a subjective contour illusion. It was designed by German psychologist Walter Ehrenstein in 194 1. There seems to be a white circle at the intersection of the dotted line between the horizontal line and the vertical line in the picture, but it doesn't exist. Once a thin circle is added, this illusion is destroyed.
9. Kenezer triangle illusion. First of all, we don't consider the outline of the triangle, but only the outline of the triangle. Subjective contour is a contour formed in the visual center through perceptual hypothesis on the basis of certain sensory information. The illusion of subjective contour was first discovered in 1900, and its secret has not been completely revealed so far.
10, the illusion of constant size. The depth of these two people is the same, which is the illusion of the same size. The so-called size constancy means that when the distance between an object and us changes, we perceive that the size of the object remains unchanged to a certain extent. The farther the object is, the smaller the image on the retina is. But life experience will make us automatically consider the distance and environmental background and adjust the size of the object we see to its actual size. "The near is big and the far is small" is a universal explanation of the same size.