Present situation of sexual physiology and psychology of senior high school students
We have cooperated with professionals to investigate the sexual psychology and physical health of some senior high school boys, and the results are not optimistic.
Sexual physiology of senior high school students
According to our survey results, the proportion of high school boys with various sexual and physical health problems is as high as 27%, and nearly half of them don't know and won't open the foreskin to clean the penis, so most of them have different degrees of inflammatory symptoms. The most common sexual and physiological problems are dysplasia, phimosis, penile curvature, varicocele, large area adhesion of foreskin, lithiasis and balanitis of foreskin. Some of them have reached the point where they have to receive treatment. For example, two people have never cleaned the inside of the penis foreskin, causing the glans to fester; 1 people are in danger of malignant transformation because phimosis is albino and the foreskin mouth is hardened; They are 17 years old, but they have just shown signs of development.
Although girls didn't make an investigation, through psychological consultation and feedback, there are also problems such as menstrual instability, dysmenorrhea and a few gynecological inflammations.
Present situation of sexual psychology of senior high school students
According to the survey, senior high school students have a common misunderstanding about sex. Most of them think it is shameful to talk about sex, and some sexual physiological phenomena (such as menstruation, nocturnal emission, erection, etc. ) It's embarrassing, too. Some even think that it is inconceivable to wash genitals in front of others when taking a bath. As a result, many people are in a state of sexual isolation and sexual repression, and often feel contradictory, confused and even inferior.
The incidence of male masturbation is about 70% in Grade Two and Grade Three, and about 20% in Grade One. Most of them feel guilty, contradictory, ashamed and even guilty, which affects their daily study and interpersonal communication. Personal masturbation behavior is out of control, because it is too frequent and often impulsive, and physical discomfort has appeared, including backache, leg pain, dizziness and brain swelling, perineal pain and so on. It increases the psychological burden and seriously affects physical and mental health.
Most of the girls with unstable menstruation and severe dysmenorrhea are related to the psychological pressure caused by incorrect understanding of sexual physiological phenomena. Before these phenomena appear, there are often tensions, anxieties and fears. These bad psychological states will interfere with endocrine and cause uterine spasm, thus aggravating menstrual instability and dysmenorrhea symptoms.
Present situation of sexual morality of senior high school students
Although this survey only found that four boys had sex (accounting for 3. 77% of the surveyed boys), we can also find that some people, although young, have a casual attitude towards sex and lack the necessary sexual moral awareness and self-control ability.
Now there are four people from Grade Two to Grade Three 1. I can't remember how many women I have had sex with. Sexual objects include both students and young women in society. In his view, I can have sex as long as I have the right opportunities and sexual requirements. During this period, he had been infected with gonorrhea and received treatment.
A sophomore boy, who had an experience of drinking and whoring in the third grade, recently had the first sex with his girlfriend. According to him, his friend (also a high school student) often goes whoring and wins the bid many times, which means he is infected with sexually transmitted diseases.
Two other sophomore boys also had sex with multiple girlfriends. In their view, this is a very common thing, there is no need to think too much.
When they have sex, except for a senior two boy who uses condoms for the purpose of preventing infectious diseases, the other three people have no idea of protecting themselves and each other, nor do they think much about whether it will make the woman pregnant and cause physical and mental harm, even if she is infected. Three out of four people have made the woman pregnant, including 1 twice and 1 three times.
It can be seen that some senior high school students are weak in moral consciousness and legal consciousness, and lack the necessary ability of binding behavior. If it is not changed in time, it is likely to lead to serious consequences that endanger society, collectives and individuals.
These examples remind us that it is very necessary and urgent to carry out adolescent sex education for high school students.
Contents of adolescent sex education for senior high school students
We know the importance of sex education, and we also know that sex education needs to be carried out at a certain age, but we need to be cautious about the specific content. Because the educational practice in some places has drawn some experiences and lessons, it is worthy of our consideration and reference. The author believes that the content of sex education should not be too deep, nor should it be too close to the level of adults, especially not involving sexual feelings and skills, otherwise it may be counterproductive. Emphasis should be placed on the following aspects.
Sexual physiology education
Mainly about the biological knowledge of sex and fertility, such as the physiological structure of both sexes, the functional characteristics of reproductive system, the mechanism and process of fertility, etc. Through education, students can understand the basic structure of the human body, treat sexual physiological phenomena correctly, understand the physiological differences between the two sexes and their changing laws, and accept the fact that their sexual physiological development is gradually mature in time and smoothly.
Sexual psychological education
Including gender development psychology, gender role, love psychology and so on. Make students understand the general law of the occurrence and development of human sexual psychology, understand the psychological agitation and anxiety in adolescence, guide students to face it with a calm and healthy attitude, and strive to standardize their lives according to social requirements. At the same time, overcome sexual mystery, fear, self-blame and guilt, and achieve the purpose of promoting the healthy development of sexual psychology.
Sexual moral education
Including the basic code of conduct between men and women, the etiquette of social communication between men and women, and the attitude towards the opposite sex; How to correctly handle the relationship with the opposite sex and hazy gender feelings; How to cultivate and establish a correct view of love? Let students master the moral norms and codes of conduct to maintain and adjust the relationship between the two sexes, how to maintain a good form of sexual communication, what is true love, and establish a correct view of love. , improve their sense of social responsibility and obligation to gender relations, enhance their ability to control and resist temptation, and avoid sexual moral deviation.
Sex legal education
It is divided into two parts: legal knowledge and strengthening legal consciousness. That is, popularize the legal knowledge related to sex, let students master the targeted laws and regulations formulated in China, and guide and regulate their sexual behavior with laws; On the basis of popularizing legal knowledge, we should strengthen legal awareness, consciously abide by the law in dealing with gender relations, restrain impulses, control emotions, balance our mentality with morality and law, make our sexual behavior meet social requirements and effectively protect ourselves.
Sexual health education
It refers to the general hygiene of reproductive organs, not to the hygiene of sexual behavior of both sexes, because it is still too early for students of this age. Through learning, they can consciously pay attention to the hygiene of vulva and learn correct cleaning methods, including daily cleaning of female vulva, menstrual health care and treatment of dysmenorrhea; Penis cleaning of boys, spermatorrhea and cleaning after masturbation.
Sex safety education
Guide students to understand the knowledge of self-protection on sexual issues, such as the prevention of reproductive organ trauma and the treatment of general trauma, basic contraceptive methods, how to restrain sexual impulses and avoid stealing forbidden fruits prematurely; How to avoid sexual harassment, how to avoid sexual assault when getting along with the opposite sex, and how to save yourself once you encounter these situations; Knowing the knowledge of common sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS prevention and treatment is of positive significance to improve their sexual self-protection ability.
Sexual aesthetic education
It refers to being able to distinguish between beauty and ugliness on sexual issues, grasp one's daily behavior according to the requirements of beauty, know the specific ways and means to sublimate sexual desire, avoid indulging in sensuality, pursue frivolous sexual pleasure and enjoyment, put an end to sexualism, stay away from pornography and vulgarity, and cultivate beautiful sentiments.
Methods of adolescent sex education for senior high school students
How to scientifically, appropriately and effectively carry out adolescent sex education among senior high school students, we think we should start from the following aspects.
In charge of the principal personally, all departments coordinate and cooperate.
The adolescent sex education of senior high school students needs to be successful and effective, and it needs the headmaster in charge of the school to personally grasp it, and the cooperation and attention of relevant departments. Take our school as an example, the education department is responsible for this work and arranges special personnel to take charge of it. The principal in charge should not only carefully supervise the setting of educational content, the implementation of educational methods and the specific curriculum arrangement, but also carefully examine the content selection of making multimedia courseware one by one to prevent unnecessary problems.
At the same time, it is necessary to incorporate the curriculum plan and class arrangement into the teaching system. In which grade, how many class hours are needed, what form to take, how to determine the teaching effect, and how to track and feedback the actual effect of education should all be seriously considered and studied. When necessary, it should be submitted to the principal's office meeting for discussion and approval, and official documents should be issued to guide the implementation.
The leaders of the competent departments should also raise awareness and treat sex education like other teaching tasks to avoid ineffective implementation and negative treatment.
Selection and training of teaching staff
The particularity and importance of adolescent sex education curriculum determines the high requirements for teachers. They should not only have noble moral cultivation, correct sexual awareness and attitude, but also have scientific and systematic accumulation of sexual knowledge, which can be expressed through flexible and diverse teaching methods. They also need to understand and deepen students' special abilities.
Generally speaking, teachers in biology, psychology, ideology and morality can be chosen, and this choice must of course follow the principle of strict voluntariness. After selecting teachers, arrange them to participate in some professional training and academic exchanges as far as possible, broaden their horizons, increase their knowledge and improve their knowledge level, which is more conducive to completing this teaching task. In order to improve the professional quality and teaching level as soon as possible, we should go to some institutions with the ability to teach sexuality for further study and training in related disciplines. According to the actual situation of the school, we can also regularly or irregularly invite well-known and influential sex science professionals at home and abroad to conduct teacher training and direct classroom teaching for students to make up for the lack of teaching resources and level in our school.
Take various forms.
According to the actual situation of the school, adolescent sex education can be incorporated into the school-based curriculum, and the education department will formulate basic teaching plans for different grades to ensure class hours and time, and complete all teaching contents as planned.
Choose excellent teachers who undertake this course to teach on a wide range of topics, and solve universal and universal sexual health problems and popularize knowledge through this form. You can also give lectures by relevant authorities to achieve better results.
Guide students to establish relevant societies and carry out popular science publicity activities. You can invite experts to give lectures and consult on the spot, print publicity materials, publish internal newspapers and periodicals, answer questions regularly, open young people's mailboxes, and even hold knowledge contests and cultural performances, which are vivid and diverse and have obvious effects.
The school website can set up a section on adolescent sex education to publicize relevant knowledge, and professional teachers can answer various questions raised by students.
You can also set up a hotline to open regularly to guide and help students who are confused at any time.
The school psychological counseling center can also provide individual counseling and consultation.
Grasp the principle of timeliness, moderation and appropriateness.
"Timely" means that the content and opportunity of education must follow the law of psychological and physical development of senior high school students, and they must be educated and guided in a timely and appropriate manner according to their characteristics and needs. In the survey, we also found that the vast majority of high school students are in a period of sexual development and gradual maturity, and their anxiety caused by great physiological changes and strong sexual impulses is particularly prominent. They are eager and ashamed to understand scientific sexual knowledge and urgently need correct guidance. However, scientific knowledge is rarely obtained through formal channels, and it is even more difficult to get professional and correct guidance and help. Therefore, many people are in the contradiction between the desire for sexual knowledge and the lack of practical knowledge, both curious and confused. Therefore, when we carry out education, we should determine the appropriate time according to this actual situation, neither delaying nor exceeding it in advance. This time is not easy to grasp.
"Moderation" means that when imparting scientific knowledge in adolescent sex education, we should grasp the discretion in the content setting and degree according to the physiological and psychological characteristics and acceptable and tolerable ability of senior high school students, so as to prevent students from being too shallow and too little, giving them a feeling of going through the motions and becoming a mere formality, and failing to achieve the educational purpose; More importantly, it is necessary to avoid being too deep and excessive, forming a seemingly incitement and development, unlike popular science education, which causes students' resistance and unacceptable, and even brings counter-effects. Of course, how to truly grasp the principle of moderation needs our gradual exploration and practice in practical work. In order to be prudent, we will review the multimedia courseware for students page by page in the course of some work we have done. Some difficult parts, especially pictures and videos that can increase the effect, should be discussed repeatedly and collectively decided whether they can be used. At present, it seems very necessary to do so, and it is also the most important way to grasp the principle of moderation.
"Appropriateness" means that the methods of sex education and the attitude of schools and education should be appropriate. We should put ourselves in the shoes of senior high school students and respect their individuality in form and method. Pay special attention to the privacy that individuals do not want to disclose, abide by the requirements of confidentiality, and adhere to the standards of humanization, scientificity and correctness.
3.5 Write characteristic teaching materials suitable for our school.
At present, we are compiling a school-based textbook for teenagers, Life? Textbooks for youth education. Many factors have been considered in the design of this textbook. First, from the perspective of comprehensive education in adolescence, it is not only the content of sex education, but also some contents related to adolescent education, especially the combination of life education and inspirational education, which makes this textbook not an obvious sex education, but a comprehensive education in adolescence. The organic combination of the two will get more obvious results.
Establish a coordination mechanism between parents and schools.
Sex education cannot ignore the role of family. There are several points to note here: First, let parents understand. Limited by the current situation of national education in China and the influence of traditional ideas, there may be some situations that parents can't understand, which will inevitably affect the smooth development of the work and the degree of effect received, which we have a deeper understanding when carrying out this work. The second is to let parents cooperate. This includes the cooperation between words and deeds and actual behavior. You should know something about sex science. Even if you can't educate yourself, you should at least understand and recognize the content of school education, so that it is easier to make the effect of sex education reach the expected goal. It is necessary to create a good family atmosphere and strengthen the effect of school education in a natural, peaceful, positive and harmonious family atmosphere.
In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to hold regular publicity and education activities for parents, invite relevant experts to teach, watch relevant film and television materials, and hold seminars for parents to exchange experiences. The purpose is to improve their ideological understanding and sexual knowledge, master the necessary ways and means of sex education, make them coordinate with school education, and make efforts for the healthy growth of children.
Timely feedback and evaluate the effect.
Since sex education has been incorporated into the school education system, we should evaluate its effectiveness at any time and make targeted improvements and improvements on the basis of feedback. Specifically, we can refer to the regular forms of school development, such as student evaluation, questionnaire survey and individual interviews, on-site understanding of student attendance and classroom atmosphere, examination paper analysis, and understanding of students' participation in various publicity and popularization activities. Through these works, we can grasp the implementation and basic effect of the current sex education curriculum, and adjust and improve some specific problems.
In short, it is very difficult to educate senior high school students about puberty. It needs the joint efforts of our leader and educator Qi Xin, as well as various inputs and the support and cooperation of relevant personnel. Only in this way can we achieve real results.