The Analects of Confucius is a collection of quotations from Confucius and his disciples, which was compiled by Confucius' disciples and re-disciples until the early Warring States period. This book mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and reflects Confucius' thoughts more intensively. It is one of the classic works of Confucianism. There are 20 chapters and 492 articles in the book, mainly narrative, supplemented by narrative, which embodies Confucius' political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. It is also called "Four Books" with Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius. Together with The Book of Songs and other Five Classics, they are called "Four Books and Five Classics".

The Analects of Confucius has three versions in ancient times, namely, ancient theory, Lu theory and Qi theory. The Analects of Confucius, which is popular now, is a version formed by collating Lu Lun and Gu Lun.

2. Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, one of China's classical Four Great Classical Novels, is China's first chapter-by-chapter historical romance novel. Its full name is Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms (also known as Romance of the Three Kingdoms), written by Luo Guanzhong, a famous novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. There are several versions of the popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, such as Jiajing Renwu Edition. By the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang had rearranged the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, revised the wording and changed the poems.

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes the history of nearly a hundred years from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, mainly describing the war, telling the story of the warlord melee in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the political and military struggle between Wei, Shu and Wu, and finally Sima Yan unified the three countries and established the Jin Dynasty. It reflects the transformation of various social struggles and contradictions during the Three Kingdoms period, summarizes the historical changes of this era, and shapes a group of heroes of the Three Kingdoms.

The book can be roughly divided into five parts: The Yellow turban insurrectionary, Dong Zhuo's rebellion, competing among the heroes, the Three Kingdoms' separation, and the Three Kingdoms' return to Jin. On the vast historical stage, a magnificent war scene was staged. Luo Guanzhong, the author, combines the thirty-six strategies of Sun Tzu's Art of War between the lines, including both the plot and the strategy of Sun Tzu's Art of War.

3. A Dream of Red Mansions

A Dream of Red Mansions is a novel with the style of chapters and chapters in ancient China, also known as The Story of the Stone. It is listed as the first of the four classical novels in China, and is generally believed to be written by Cao Xueqin, a writer in the Qing Dynasty. Based on the rise and fall of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue, and from the perspective of Jia Baoyu, a rich son, the novel depicts the lives of a group of aristocratic women whose manners and knowledge are beyond the needs of men, and shows the beauty of humanity and tragedy of lovers endowed with good and evil. It can be said that it is an epic that shows the beauty of women from all angles.

A dream of red mansions is divided into two versions: 120 version and 80 version. Cheng Ben is printed by Cheng Weiyuan, while Fat Ben is an early manuscript copied and evaluated by Zhi Yanzhai in different periods, and Fat Ben is the base copy of Cheng Ben. The first 80 chapters of this new edition of popular reading are examined according to the fat version, and the last 40 chapters are examined according to the course version, with the signature "Cao Xueqin, anonymous sequel, Cheng Weiyuan, finishing".

A Dream of Red Mansions is an earthly novel with world influence. It is recognized as the pinnacle of China's classical novels, an encyclopedia of feudal society in China and a master of traditional culture. The novel encourages itself with the theme of "talking about love and recording things", only follows its logic, gets rid of the old conventions, is fresh and unique, and has achieved extraordinary artistic achievements. The special brushwork of "the truth is hidden and the village tells lies" has opened the brains of later readers and speculated for a long time. Later generations formed an outstanding school-redology around the study of reading A Dream of Red Mansions.

4. Scream

Scream is a collection of short stories written by modern writer Lu Xun. Including 19 18 to 1922 written by Lu Xun. First published by Beijing Xinchao Society in 1923, it is now included in the Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume 1. This collection of novels truly depicts the social life from the Revolution of 1911 to the May 4th Movement. Starting from revolutionary democracy, with the aim of enlightenment and the spirit of humanitarianism, it reveals all kinds of deep-seated social contradictions, deeply analyzes and completely denies the old China system and some outdated traditional concepts, and shows a strong sense of national survival and a strong hope for social change. ?

Scream is a symbol of the beginning and maturity of China's modern novels, which initiated modern realistic literature. Through realism, symbolism, romanticism and other techniques, the works vividly depict a number of immortal artistic images such as madman, Kong Yiji and Ah Q with vivid brushstrokes and artistic skills of "painting eyes" and "writing souls", profoundly reflecting the current social life in China from the end of 19 to the 1920s, effectively exposing and lashing the old feudal evil forces, and expressing the author's reform. It established Lu Xun's position in China's modern literature and cultural history. 1985, 50 volumes of the world's highest masterpieces were published in Japan, and China only included Scream and The Analects. 1in June, 1999, Scream was selected as one of the top 100 China novels in the 20th century by Asia Weekly.

5. Border towns

Border Town is Shen Congwen's masterpiece, and it was selected as one of the top 100 novels in China in the 20th century, ranking second only to Lu Xun's Scream. Based on the tea cave in the border town between Sichuan and Hunan in the 1930s, it depicts the unique customs of western Hunan with beautiful strokes of lyric poems and essays. The pure love story of Cui Cui, a boatman girl, shows the goodness and beauty of human nature. Due to the aesthetic art of Border Town, the novel Border Town has a unique position in the history of modern literature in China.

6. "Four generations under one roof"

Four generations under one roof is a million-word novel written by China writers. This is a novel that shows the life of ordinary people in the occupied areas of Beiping during the Anti-Japanese War and the Anti-Japanese War. The book takes the Xiaoyangquan Hutong in Beiping as the background, and through complicated contradictions and entanglements, with the Qi family in the Hutong as the main body and the residents such as the Qian family and the Guan family as the auxiliary parts, depicts the images of many ordinary people at all levels of society at that time; The choice of resistance and obedience, the choice of country and individual, and all kinds of difficult choices are intertwined, which profoundly shows the difficult and tortuous road that ordinary people have gone through in the historical process of the great era.

7. Red beds

Red Rock was published by China Youth Publishing House in February, 196 1. The writer is a survivor of the Kuomintang concentration camps in Luo Guangbin and Yang Yiyan.

The book tells the story of the members of party member who were punished in 1948 when Zhazidong and Baigongguan were in the darkest hour before dawn. In order to get a confession, the enemy tried to shake the revolutionary's will with heat, mosquitoes and hunger, but in the face of party member's strong will, the enemy was helpless and defeated.

196 1 65438+February, officially published, the book was reprinted 1 13 times and reprinted twice, and the number of albums exceeded10 million. As a red classic, it was a sensation. 1957, the author wrote the revolutionary memoir "Eternal Life in Fire", and then created the novel "Red Rock" on this basis, which was later adapted into the red film "Eternal Life in Fire".

8. Ordinary world

Ordinary World is a million-word novel by China writer Lu Yao. This is a novel with a panoramic view of China's contemporary urban and rural social life, consisting of three books. First published in February, 1986.

The book is set in China in the ten years from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, centering on two brothers, Sun Shaoan and Sun Shaoping, and depicts the images of many ordinary people in all walks of life at that time. Labor and love, frustration and pursuit, pain and joy, daily life and huge social conflicts are intertwined, which profoundly shows the difficult and tortuous road that ordinary people have gone through in the historical process of the great era. 1991March, Ordinary World won the third Mao Dun Literature Prize in China.

9. Thunderstorm

Thunderstorm is a drama created by playwright Cao Yu, published in the July issue of Literature Quarterly, 1934.

Based on the China society around 1925, the play depicts the tragedy of a bourgeois family with strong feudal color. In the play, two families, eight characters and thirty years of grievances are the main lines. Zhou Puyuan, a hypocritical capitalist, Zhou Chong, a simple teenager influenced by new ideas, Fan Yi, a woman who was driven crazy by her indifferent family and hurt to pieces by love, Zhou Ping, who felt guilty about what she had done in the past and tried to escape, Ma Lu, who came back unexpectedly, simply loved and was loved, and Lu Dahai, an oppressed worker, was greedy. All contradictions, whether family secrets or life secrets, broke out in Thunderstorm Night. While describing family contradictions and entanglements and angrily denouncing the decadent and stubborn feudal families, they also reflected deeper social and times problems.

The plot is gripping, the language is refined and implicit, and the characters have their own characteristics. It is "the cornerstone of China's drama realism" and a milestone in the maturity of China's modern drama.

10, Eugenie Grandet

Eugenia Grandet is the heroine in the novel Eugenia Grandet by Balzac, a French critical realist novelist. She is the kindest and purest character in the novel, and the whole novel revolves around her tragic life. Her virtue is gradually revealed in the painful life and in the comparison with old Grandet, Charles, De Bonbon and others. The more hardships she encountered in her life, the more hypocrisy and ugliness of other characters around her became prominent, and her kindness, tolerance and love became more obvious.

1 1, Notre Dame de Paris

Notre Dame is a novel written by French writer victor hugo. It was first released in June 5438+0831.1.1.04.

Notre Dame de Paris wrote a story that happened in France in the15th century: Claude, the vice bishop of Notre Dame de Paris, was hypocritical and snake-hearted, and loved first and then hated, persecuting Esmeralda, a girl from Giselle. Quasimodo, the ugly and kind bell ringer, gave his life to save the girl. The novel exposes the hypocrisy of religion, declares the bankruptcy of asceticism, praises the kindness, friendship and self-sacrifice of the lower working people, and embodies Hugo's humanitarian thought. This novel has been adapted into movies, TV plays and musicals many times.

12, The Old Man and the Sea

The Old Man and the Sea is a novella written by Hemingway in Cuba on 195 1 and published on 1952.

This work revolves around the story of an old Cuban fisherman fighting a huge marlin in the Gulf Stream off the coast. It established Hemingway's prominent position in world literature, and this novel won the Pulitzer Prize in the United States and the Nobel Prize in Literature of 1954.