The main contents of this textbook include aggregation state, dispersion system, basic laws of chemical reaction, four equilibria in solution and related analytical methods, material structure, elemental compounds and instrumental analytical methods.

Basic Introduction Title: University Chemistry Author: sponsored by Nanchang University ISBN: 978-7-122-16518-3 Page: 379 Pricing: 39.00 Press: Chemical Industry Press: 2065438+August 2003 Binding: folio: 7×1092116 basic information, content introduction, contents and basic information University Chemistry Author: Nanchang University, finishing and publishing date: 2065438+August 2003, ISBN: 978-7-122-/. The first chapter 1 1 introduces the basic knowledge of chemistry, including solution, chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, chemical reaction equilibrium, various typical types of reactions, coordination compounds, properties of various elements and important compounds in the periodic table of elements, basic chemical analysis methods, material structure and so on. Chapter 12 ~ 16 introduces some interdisciplinary subjects closely related to chemistry and its application. This book can be used by college teachers and students. Directory introduction 1 chapter 65438 +0 gas and solution 4 learning requirements 4 1? 1 gas 4 1? 1? 1 ideal gas state equation 4 1? 1? 2 dalton partial pressure law 5 1? 2 solution 6 1? 2? 1 dispersion 6 1? 2? 2 Expression of solution concentration 6 1? 2? 3 universality of dilute solution 8 1? 3 colloidal solution 12 1? 3? 1 dispersibility and specific surface area 12 1? 3? 2 surface energy 12 1? 3? Structure of 3 micelles 13 1? 3? 4 Properties of colloidal solution 13 1? 3? 5 Sol stability and aggregation 15 1? 4 polymer solutions and emulsions 16 1? 4? 1 polymer solution 16 1? 4? 2 Emulsion 17 Thinking Questions 18 Exercise 18 Chapter II Preliminary Chemical Thermodynamics 20 Learning Requirements 20 2? Basic concepts and terms of 1 2 1 2? 1? 1 system and environment 2 1 2? 1? 2 state and state function 2 1 2? 1? 3 process and method 22 2? 1? Work and heat 22 2? 1? 5 thermodynamic energy 23 2? 1? 6 The first law of thermodynamics 23 2? 2 thermochemistry 24 2? 2? 1 constant volume reaction heat 24 2? 2? 2 Constant pressure reaction heat 24 2? 2? 3 chemical reaction progress 25 2? 2? 4 standard molar reaction enthalpy change δ RH? m26 2？ 2? 5 thermochemical reaction equation 27 2? 2? 6 garth's law 27 2? 2? 7 standard molar reaction enthalpy change δ RH? Calculation of m 29 2? 3 spontaneous direction of chemical reaction 3 1 2? 3? 1 entropy 3 1 2? 3? 2 Criteria for the direction of chemical reaction 32 2? 3? 3 standard molar Gibbs free energy change δ fg? Change of Gibbs free energy δrG when m reacts with standard mole? m33 2？ 3? The relationship between 4 δ rg and temperature 34 thinking questions 36 exercises 36 Chapter III Chemical Balance and Chemical Reaction Rate 39 Learning Requirements 39 3? 1 chemical equilibrium 39 3? 1? 1 reversible reaction and chemical equilibrium 39 3? 1? 2 chemical equilibrium constant 40 3? 1? 3 Equilibrium constant and degree of chemical reaction 4 1 3? 1? 4 chemical reaction isothermal equation 42 3? 1? 5 the movement of chemical equilibrium? 1? 6 multiple equilibrium law 48 3? 2 chemical reaction rate 50 3? 2? 1 the rate of chemical reaction and its expression 50 3? 2? 2 Mechanism of chemical reaction (reaction mechanism *** )5 1 3? 2? 3 simple eye reaction series reaction 54 3? 2? 4 reaction rate theory 55 3? 2? 5 Factors affecting the rate of chemical reaction 57 Thinking questions 60 Exercises 60 Chapter IV Acid-base Balance 63 Learning requirements 63 4? 1 acid-base proton theory and acid-base equilibrium 63 4? 1? 1 the essence of acid, alkali and acid-base reaction 64 4? 1? 2 acid-base balance and the relative strength of acid and base? 2 Main factors affecting acid-base dissociation 7 1 4? 2? 1 dilution law 72 4? 2? Homoionic effect? 2? 3 salt effect 73 4? 2? 4 the influence of temperature 73 4? Calculation of composition distribution and concentration in acid-base balance? 3? 1 acidity, initial concentration, equilibrium concentration and material equivalent 74 4? 3? 2 distribution coefficient and distribution curve 75 4? 3? Basic method for calculating the equilibrium concentration of components? 4 Calculation of solution acidity 78 4? 4? 1 determination of proton condition formula 78 4? 4? Calculation of acidity of monobasic weak acid (alkali) solution? 4? 3 Calculation of acidity of amphoteric substance solution 82 4? 4? 4 calculation of pH value of other acid-base systems? 5 control of solution acidity-acid-base buffer solution 85 4? 5? 1 principle of action of acid-base buffer 85 4? 5? 2 Buffer capacity and buffer range 86 4? 5? 3 Classification and selection of acid-base buffer solution 87 4? 5? 4 Calculation and Preparation of Buffer Solution 87 Thinking Questions 88 Exercise 88 Chapter V Redox Reaction 90 Learning Requirements 90 5? 1 Basic concept of redox reaction 90 5? 1? 1 oxidation number 90 5? 1? 2 redox reaction 9 1 5? The equilibrium of redox reaction 9 1 5? 3 electrode potential 92 5? 3? 1 primary battery 92 5? 3? 2 electrode potential 93 5? 3? 3 changes in electromotive force and Gibbs free energy of primary battery 95 5? 3? 4 factors affecting the electrode potential-Nernst equation 96 5? Application of electrode potential 100 5? 4? 1 calculate electromotive force of primary battery 100 5? 4? 2 judge the relative strength of oxidant and reductant 100 5? 4? 3 Determine the direction of redox reaction 10 1 5? 4? 4 determine the limit of redox reaction 103 5? 4? 5 Calculate other reaction equilibrium constants and pH value 105 5? 5 yuan electrode potential diagram and its application 106 5? 5? 1 element potential diagram 106 5? 5? Application of 2-element potential diagram 106 5? 6 application of redox reaction 108 5? 6? 1 application in life science 108 5? 6? 2 disinfection and sterilization 108 5? 6? 3 Redox Reaction and Soil Fertility/KOOC-0/08 Thinking Questions/KOOC-0/09 Exercise/KOOC-0/09 Chapter VI Precipitation? Dissolution balance 1 12 learning requirements 1 12 6? 1 precipitation? Principle of dissolution equilibrium and solubility product 1 12 6? 1? 1 precipitation? Establishment of dissolution equilibrium 1 12 6? 1? 2 solubility product constant, solubility and their mutual conversion 1 13 6? 1? 3 solubility product principle 1 14 6? 2 the formation of sediment 1 14 6? 2? 1 Formation conditions of precipitation 1 14 6? 2? 2 precipitation completion 1 14 6? 3 Dissolution of sediment 1 16 6? 3? 1 formation of weak electrolyte solution precipitate 1 16 6? 3? 2 Dissolve the precipitate by redox reaction 1 17 6? 3? 3 forms a complex to dissolve and precipitate 1 17 6? Stepwise precipitation and precipitation transformation 1 17 6? 4? 1 fractional precipitation 1 17 6? 4? 2 Precipitation Transformation/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/9 Thinking Questions/KOOC-0/9 Exercise/KOOC-0/20 Chapter VII Coordination Compounds and Coordination Equilibrium/KOOC-0/2/KOOC-0/Learning Requirements/KOOC-0/2/KOOC-0 Definition and composition of 1 complex 12 1 7? 1? The definition of 1 complex number 12 1 7? 1? Composition of 2 complex 122 7? 2 name and type of complex 124 7? 2? The writing principle and nomenclature of the chemical formula of 1 complex 124 7? 2? 2 complex type 125 7? 2? Isomerization of three coordination compounds 126 7? 3 coordination dissociation equilibrium 127 7? 3? 1 coordination equilibrium constant 128 7? 3? 2 coordination equilibrium shift 130 7? 4 chelates and their characteristics 134 7? 4? 1 EDTA and its dissociation equilibrium in solution 135 7? 4? 2 metal ions? Characteristics of EDTA complex 136 7? 4? Completeness of coordination reaction and its influencing factors 137 7? Application of 5 complex in biology and medicine 14 1 7? 5? 1 the role of complex in maintaining normal physiological functions of the body 14 1 7? 5? Detoxification 2 collaterals 14 1 7? 5? Therapeutic effect of 3 complex on cancer/KOOC-0/42 thinking questions/KOOC-0/42 exercises/KOOC-0/43 Chapter 8 Chemical quantitative analysis/KOOC-0/45 learning requirements/KOOC-0/45 8? Overview of analytical chemistry 1 145 8? Analytical chemistry method? 2? 1 chemical analysis 145 8? 2? 2 instrumental analysis method 146 8? 3 quantitative analysis process 146 8? 4 Representation of quantitative analysis results 147 8? 4? 1 chemical expression of the component to be tested 147 8? 4? 2. Expression method of the content of the component to be tested 147 8? 5 quantitative analysis error 147 8? 5? Classification 1 error 147 8? 5? 2 error representation method 148 8? 5? 3 methods to improve the accuracy of analysis results 15 1 8? 6 data processing of analysis results 152 8? 6? 1 significant figures and their calculation rules 152 8? 6? 2 confidence interval of the average 153 8? 6? 3 data selection of suspicious values 154 8? 6? 4 data processing and analysis results report 154 8? 7 Introduction to Titration Analysis 155 8? 7? 1 Basic concepts and classification of titration analysis methods 155 8? 7? 2. Requirements of titration analysis method for chemical reaction and titration method 156 8? 7? 3 standard materials and standard solutions 156 8? 7? 4 Calculation of titration analysis results 157 8? 8 acid-base titration 158 8? 8? 1 acid-base indicator 159 8? 8? 2 Selection of acid-base titration curve and indicator 16 1 8? 8? 3 examples of acid-base titration application 166 8? 8? 4 * * * Titration Analysis 167 8? 9 redox titration 168 8? 9? The basic principle of 1 9? 2 commonly used redox titration 17 1 8? 9? 3 Pretreatment before redox titration 173 8? 9? 4 calculation of redox titration results 174 8? 10 coordination titration analysis 175 8? 10? The basic principle of 1 10? Application of coordination titration 179 8? 1 1 precipitation titration 180 8? 1 1? The basic principle of 1 180 8? 1 1? 2 Common precipitation titration methods 18 1 thinking questions 183 exercises 183 Chapter 9 Material structure basis 188 learning requirements 188 9? 1 motion state of extranuclear electrons 188 9? 1? Composition of 1 atom 188 9? 1? 2 Motion characteristics of microscopic particles (electrons) 189 9? 1? 3. Description of the motion state of extranuclear electrons 193 9? 2 multi-electron atomic structure 197 9? 2? 1 prohibition effect and drilling effect 198 9? 2? 2 Extranuclear electron configuration Rule 199 9? 2? Electronic shell structure of atom 3 and periodic law of elements 20 1 9? 2? 4 periodicity of atomic properties? 3 chemical bond theory 206 9? 3? 1 ionic bond theory 206 9? 3? 2 modern valence bond theory 207 9? 3? Molecular orbital theory 2 12 9? 3? Hybrid orbital theory 2 14 9? 3? Valence bond theory of 5 complex 2 18 9? 3? 6 valence shell electron pair repulsion theory 2 19 9? Crystal of 4*** valence substance 220 9? 4? Model 1 Crystal 220 9? 4? 2 metal crystal 22 1 9? 4? 3 molecular crystal 223 9? 5 ionic crystal 227 9? 5? 1 ionic crystal 227 9? 5? 2 ion polarization 228 9? 6 Multi-bond Crystal 229 Thinking Questions 230 Exercise 23 1 Chapter 10 Element Chemistry 234 Learning Requirements 234 10? 1 element overview 234 10? 1? 1 distribution of elements 234 10? 1? 2 element classification 235 10? 236 10 element in 2s area? 2? Universality of elements in 1s region 236 10? 2? Important elements and compounds in 2s region 237 10? 3p area element 238 10? 3? Universality of elements in 1p region 238 10? 3? Important elements in 2p region and their compounds 239 10? 4d regional element 246 10? 4? Universality of elements in 1d region 246 10? 4? Important elements in 2d region and their compounds 247 10? 5ds area element 250 10? 5? Universality of elements in 1ds region 250 10? 5? The important compound of elements in 2ds region is 25 1 10? 253 10 element in 6f area? 6? 1 universality of lanthanides 253 10? 6? 2 important lanthanides and compounds 256 10? 6? Universality of actinides 257 10? 6? 4 Actinides Important Elements and Compounds 257 Thinking Questions 258 Exercises 258 Chapter 65438 +0 1 absorption spectrophotometry 260 Learning requirements 2601? 1 260 1 1 overview? 1? 1 Basic properties of light 260 1 1? 1? 2 light absorption of substances 26 1 1 1? 1? 3 characteristics of absorption spectrophotometry 26 1 1? 2 the basic law of light absorption 262 1 1? 2? 1 Lambert? Beer's Law 262 1 1? 2? 2 absorption coefficient and Sandel sensitivity 263 1 1? Colorimetry and spectrophotometry and their instruments 263 1 1? 3? 1 visual colorimetry 263 1 1? 3? 2 spectrophotometry 263 1 1? 4 color reaction and color selection conditions 265 1 1? 4? Select 1 color reaction 265 1 1? 4? 2 Selection of color developing conditions 265 1 1? 5 The measurement error of spectrophotometer and its elimination 266 1 1? 5? 1 to Lambert? Deviate from beer's law 266 1 1? 5? 2 The measurement error of absorbance is 267 1 1? 5? 3 Elimination of spectrophotometer measurement error 267 1 1? 6 some applications of spectrophotometry 268 1 1? 6? 1 determination of single component 268 1 1? 6? 2 multicomponent analysis 268 1 1? 6? 3 determination of dissociation constants of weak acids and bases 269 1 1? 6? 4 Complex Component Analysis 269 Thinking Questions 27 1 Exercise 27 1 Chapter 65438 +02 Selected Theories of Modern Instrumental Analysis 273 Learning Requirements 273 12? 1 atomic absorption spectrophotometry 274 12? 1? 1 274 12 overview? 1? 2 basic principles 274 12? 1? 3 atomic absorption spectrophotometer composition 275 12? 1? Quantitative analysis method 277 12? 1? Application of atomic absorption spectrometry 278 12? 2 potential analysis method 278 12? 2? 1 Basic principle of potentiometric analysis 278 12? 2? 2 direct potential method 282 12? 2? 3 Potentiometric titration 285 12? Introduction to chromatographic analysis 287 12? 3? 1 the definition of chromatographic analysis 287 12? 3? 2 Classification of chromatographic analysis 288 12? 3? 3 chromatographic term 288 12? 3? 4 chromatographic distribution balance 289 12? 3? 5 column efficiency and resolution 290 12? 3? 6 chromatographic qualitative and quantitative analysis 293 12? 3? 7 gas chromatography 294 12? 3? 8 HPLC 298 Thinking Question 30 1 Exercise 302 Chapter 65438 +03 Chemistry and Life Science 304 Learning Requirements 304 13? 1 chemical element 304 13? The material basis of life 305 13? 2? 1 sugar 305 13? 2? 2 protein 305 13? 2? 3 nucleic acid 308 13? Chemical basis of molecular genetics 3 1 1 13? The contribution of chemistry to genetic engineering 3 13 13? 4? 1 genetic engineering-recombinant DNA technology 3 13 13? 4? 2 Application of 3 15 Thinking Questions 3 16 Chapter 65438 +04 Chemistry and Materials 3 17 Learning Requirements 3 17 14? 1 introduction 3 17 14? 1? 1 material development history 3 17 14? 1? 2 material classification 3 18 14? 2 metals and alloys 3 19 14? 2? Structure type 1 alloy 3 19 14? 2? 2 several important alloy materials 320 14? 3 inorganic nonmetallic materials 32 1 14? 3? 1 ceramic material 32 1 14? 3? 2 building materials 322 14? 3? 3 several important inorganic nonmetallic materials 324 14? 4 polymer material 325 14? 4? 1 general polymer 325 14? 4? 2 Polymer Composite 326 Thinking Questions 326 Chapter 65438 +05 Chemistry and Environment 327 Learning Requirements 327 15? 1 three major environmental problems in the world today15? 1? 1 acid rain (atmospheric acid deposition) 327 15? 1? 2 ozone hole 329 15? 1? 3 greenhouse effect 330 15? 2 protect the water environment 33 1 15? 2? 1 Causes of sewage generation 33 1 15? 2? 2 the harm of sewage 33 1 15? 2? 3 sewage prevention measures and suggestions 332 15? 3 garbage-misplaced wealth 333 15? 3? 1 Composition and classification of garbage 333 15? 3? Harm of garbage 333 15? 3? 3 garbage disposal 334 15? 3? 4 Comprehensive Waste Management 335 Thinking Questions 335 Chapter 65438 +06 Green Chemistry 336 Learning Requirements 336 16? 1 Introduction to Green Chemistry 336 16? 1? 1 the emergence and development of green chemistry 336 16? 1? 2 green chemistry definition 337 16? 1? 3 the content of green chemistry 338 16? 1? Four principles that green chemistry should follow 340 16? 2 the application of new technologies in green chemistry 343 16? 2? 1 biotechnology 343 16? 2? 2 membrane technology 344 16? 2? 3 supercritical fluid technology 345 16? 2? Microwave and ultrasonic technology 345 16? 3 the prospect of green chemistry 345 16? 3? 1 development direction of green chemistry 345 16? 3? 2 China green chemistry research strategy 346 thinking questions 347 Appendix 348 Appendix I legal measurement unit adopted in this book 348 Appendix II physical basic constants and symbols and names of some commonly used quantities used in this book 349 Appendix III thermodynamic functions of some common simple substances, ions and compounds 350 Appendix IV dissociation constants of some weak electrolytes (25℃)362 Appendix V stability constants of some coordination compounds and hydration effect coefficient of metal ions 365 Appendix VI solubility product constants (1.