1, low infectivity.
What we often hear about "Little Three-yang" actually refers to the hepatitis B virus immunological indexes of chronic hepatitis B patients or virus carriers: namely, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B E antibody (HBeAb) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBC) are positive. Different from "Big Three Yang", Big Three Yang is positive for E antigen, negative for E antibody, negative for Small Three Yang, and positive for E antibody.
Whether it is "Big Three Yang" or "Small Three Yang", it can only reflect the status of hepatitis B immune markers in the body, and does not represent the severity of the disease or the size of infectivity. It is important to look at the indexes of liver function, liver imaging and pathology. The infectivity depends on the viral load in the blood.
There are two kinds of patients with "small three yang", one is virus-negative "small three yang" and the other is virus-positive "small three yang". So, are these two kinds of small sanyang contagious?
Experts pointed out that, generally speaking, the infectivity of hepatitis B is relatively low. The results of HBV DNA test are negative in most patients, and the virus carrying capacity in blood is normal, so the infectivity is relatively low.
There is also a situation in which patients with hepatitis B and small sanyang should pay special attention. Clinically, it is found that some patients are positive for HBV DNA test, which may be caused by HBV mutation. This kind of disease is more difficult to control and treat than hepatitis B virus, and it is highly contagious. Therefore, we should pay more attention to avoiding close contact with others in our daily life.
Then, we will understand "Is it contagious?" Because "Xiao Sanyang" is contagious, many people around hepatitis B patients are very worried about being infected, so experts specially put forward the transmission route of hepatitis B virus to give you a popular science.
Hepatitis B virus is a blood-borne virus, and different transmission routes should take blood as the carrier. Daily contact with carriers, such as eating together, shaking hands, courtesy kissing, hugging each other, living in the same room, etc. , cannot be transmitted. At present, infection needs certain routes, mainly blood transmission, sexual contact and mother-to-child transmission, and of course iatrogenic transmission, including surgery, dental instruments, blood collection needles, acupuncture needles, endoscopes and so on.
Although the infectivity of "Xiao Sanyang" is relatively low under normal circumstances, the influence of "Xiao Sanyang" cannot be underestimated. "Small Sanyang" will cause damage to the liver, affect liver function, and have symptoms such as loss of appetite, weakness and fatigue. In severe cases, there will be symptoms such as yellowing of the face and sclera, and even pain in the liver area. Especially for asymptomatic patients with hepatitis B "small three-yang", if health care and treatment are not carried out, the virus in the body will continue to replicate and increase, resulting in the variation of hepatitis B virus in the body, and many patients will deteriorate into cirrhosis and even liver cancer in clinic. Therefore, "Xiao Sanyang" must also intervene in time.
Treatment is a big concern of patients. Experts pointed out that in the treatment of hepatitis B, we must first make clear whether the virus is positive (that is, whether HBV-DNA is positive), whether the liver function is normal, and whether there are signs of liver fibrosis or even cirrhosis by liver imaging examination. If patients with normal liver function don't need special treatment, and if "Xiao Sanyang" with abnormal liver function and DNA positive needs antiviral, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory and liver protection, anti-fibrosis and symptomatic treatment, antiviral treatment is the key, so as long as there are indications and conditions, standardized antiviral treatment should be carried out. At present, there are interferon and nucleoside (acid) drugs for antiviral treatment, among which nucleoside drugs have obvious antiviral effect and low drug resistance rate. For example, Zhengming Adefovir Dipivoxil Capsules and Runzhong Entecavir Dispersible Tablets are commonly used drugs listed in China.
In addition to antiviral therapy, patients should also pay attention to the protection of the liver, inhibit or eliminate HBV for a long time, reduce the inflammation and necrosis of liver cells and liver fibrosis, delay and prevent the progress of diseases, and reduce and prevent the occurrence of liver decompensation, cirrhosis, HCC and its complications, so as to improve the quality of life of patients and prolong their survival time.
We all have a correct understanding of whether Xiao Sanyang is contagious and the treatment of Xiao Sanyang. Experts suggest that patients should not worry too much when diagnosing Xiao Sanyang, take correct treatment methods in time and establish confidence in curing the disease, maintain a good attitude and restore health.
2. The route of transmission of Xiaosanyang
(1) Communication during delivery
That is, in the process of delivery, the virus in the mother's blood is transmitted to the newborn through the hole due to the skin and mucous membrane abrasion of the fetus or placental injury. In this process, the baby is most susceptible to hepatitis B virus, and the probability of being infected is also the highest.
(2) intrauterine transmission
Babies are infected with hepatitis B virus in utero, and the intrauterine transmission infection rate is less than 3%, which is more common in pregnant women with active virus replication.
(3) Postpartum transmission
Mainly refers to breast-feeding, the baby swallows milk with virus, or the mother's nipple has a wound, and the newborn swallows a small amount of mother's blood, causing infection.