Cao qigong
? 20 19 is the most important year to comprehensively deepen the reform of education and teaching. In June, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council promulgated the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Education and Teaching and Improving the Quality of Compulsory Education in an All-round Way, proposing: "Steadily promote the unified proposition of the junior middle school level examination at the provincial level, adhere to the curriculum standards as the basis of the proposition, and must not formulate an examination outline to continuously improve the proposition level." 11June, the Ministry of Education issued "Opinions on Strengthening the Proposition Work of Junior High School Proficiency Test", demanding to improve the scientific level of test questions: "Junior High School Proficiency Test mainly measures the degree to which students meet the learning requirements stipulated by the state, taking into account the needs of students' graduation and further studies. ..... The examination paper life system should not only focus on examining basic knowledge and skills, but also on examining thinking process, innovative consciousness and ability to analyze and solve problems. " In addition, on 20 18-20 19, the Ministry of Education began to give feedback on the quality evaluation of the junior high school level examination (hereinafter referred to as the "senior high school entrance examination") in some areas. The national senior high school entrance examination in 2020 is the first year after comprehensively deepening the reform of education and teaching, which has extremely important guiding significance.
? The 20 17 version of Chinese curriculum standard for senior high school abstracts the core literacy of Chinese, namely, the construction and application of language, the development and promotion of thinking, aesthetics and creation, and the understanding and inheritance of culture. The proposal of Chinese core literacy has a far-reaching impact on Chinese teaching in junior middle schools. In addition, the comprehensive use of the unified edition of junior high school Chinese textbooks has deepened the reform and development of junior high school Chinese teaching, and the reform of Chinese test questions in senior high school entrance examinations has also undergone major changes like curriculum reform.
? In this context, the senior high school entrance examination questions around the country are particularly eye-catching. In particular, the composition questions in the senior high school entrance examination have always been the focus of attention in the education sector and even the whole society. In 2020, the composition test questions of senior high school entrance examinations in various places should adhere to the correct political direction, implement the fundamental task of moral education, closely follow the hot social issues and students' life reality, set up real writing situations, examine students' deep thinking ability and language communication ability, and effectively promote the all-round development of students' Chinese core literacy.
? The first is to highlight the positioning of Lide Shu Ren.
? Moral education is the fundamental task of education and teaching, and examination proposition is the key link to improve the implementation mechanism of moral education. Therefore, the senior high school entrance examination questions must adhere to the correct political direction, take the implementation of the fundamental task of moral education as the starting point and the end result of the proposition, and give full play to the important guiding role of the senior high school entrance examination questions in promoting education and teaching reform, guiding junior high school teaching and promoting students' all-round and healthy growth.
? In 2020, the composition test questions of the senior high school entrance examination in various places tried to implement the fundamental task of educating people with morality, but they conformed to the characteristics of Chinese subject. They are not simple preaching topics, but guide students to pay attention to society, life, ideals and beliefs, cultivate feelings of home and country, strengthen moral cultivation, discover truth, goodness and beauty, cultivate positive and healthy emotions, establish correct values, and promote students' all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor.
? The anti-epidemic life in the spring of 2020 is an unforgettable experience for everyone. Among them, how many ordinary people have done extraordinary things and how many ordinary people have made extraordinary contributions. As an essay for the senior high school entrance examination in an important annual exam, we can't avoid the fight against the epidemic, or directly or indirectly put forward the proposition of fighting the epidemic, record the major events in life and think about the fate of mankind.
The essay title of Nanchong, Sichuan is "2020, My Life in Fighting Epidemic", that of Xiangyang, Hubei is "Fighting Epidemic", that of Qingdao, Shandong is "After Back to School", that of Dazhou, Sichuan, and that of Weifang, Shandong, etc. Taking anti-epidemic words and pictures as materials, it is required to write a composition according to the materials ... These composition questions, propositions or materials are directly related to the epidemic situation, and students are required to directly describe this spring. Discuss and guide students to care about major events in social life, actively participate in social practice activities, enhance patriotic feelings, and cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.
? Some essay topics, seemingly "neutral", do not require a direct reflection of the anti-epidemic life, but they also implicitly touch on hot topics. For example, the essay topic "Chorus" in Shaanxi Volume of Anti-epidemic can be used to write the real "chorus" in real life, and it can also be used to write other things that are United in real life, such as fighting the epidemic with one heart and one mind; The essay title of Shanghai Volume "There is a Kind of Sweetness" can be a kind of real sweetness in real life or a kind of special happiness, such as touching people and things in fighting the epidemic; The essay topic of Shenzhen Volume is "Witness the Beauty", which can not only write about the beautiful things in epidemic prevention life, but also write other contents related to the topic; The essay "The meaning of life lies in the mutual illumination between people" written by Dezhou, Shandong Province can be written in the mutual help and encouragement between people in the process of fighting the epidemic, and can also be written in other aspects. There is also the composition title of Beijing volume "2020, My Senior High School Entrance Examination", Yunnan volume "Shoulder", Guangxi Wuzhou "Different Experience", and so on. The senior high school entrance examination is a wide-ranging examination in the province or the city, with a large number of students and great differences in region, experience and life. Therefore, such composition questions give students a broad writing space, so that students of different levels and different situations have something to say and write.
? In addition, many essay questions in the examination area are propositioned from different aspects and angles to guide students to form a positive and correct outlook on life and values and implement the fundamental task of educating people. There is a spirit in Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang called perseverance, the Chinese flavor of my home in Changchun, Jilin, my crisis story in Henan, the long-lost beauty of Dalian, Liaoning, the decision of Ningbo, Zhejiang, the hope of such growth in Jinan, Shandong, and the most expensive thing in Mianyang, Sichuan, Heilongjiang.
? Second, pay attention to the creation of real situations.
? The Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Strengthening the Proposition Work of Junior Middle School Academic Level Examination points out: "We should fully consider the study and life reality of urban and rural students, enhance the authenticity, typicality and appropriateness of situation creation, and improve the level of situation design of test questions." It can be seen that scenario setting is a key point of the senior high school entrance examination proposition, especially the composition question. A simple propositional or semi-propositional composition lacks necessary situational settings, and students' compositions can easily slide into the quagmire of accommodation and mutual influence. If typical and real writing situations suitable for students are set, supplemented by specific writing tasks, such composition questions are more suitable for examining students' real writing level in specific situations in the examination room.
? The essay topic in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province first gives a very specific situation: "You are about to enter a higher-level school, and hope to participate in the club activities of the new school to make your campus life colorful. If the school already has a club you are interested in, apply to join; If there is no club in the school that meets your interests, then apply to create a new club. " This scene conforms to the reality that students are sitting in the examination room to write this composition, and two different situations are set for students to choose one of them. "Write a letter to teacher Zhang, who is in charge of community work in the new school. You can tell a story about one of your hobbies or skills; You can also state the reasons for your application and related ideas. " Such a concrete and real situation can make students give full play and really test their writing ability.
? Hunan Changsha volume big composition also set a specific situation:
? There is a "station attendant" column in the school radio station, and I often receive letters from my classmates telling my inner confusion, such as "I have conflicts with my parents. What should I do? " "Learning is so tense, how should I deal with the relationship between hobbies and learning?" "The teacher wants us to make a good career plan, but I really don't know what I am suitable for in the future." ..... The column group felt that we should encourage everyone to think about their own confusion and share their feelings or experiences, so they decided to hold an essay activity with the theme of "If you are confused when you grow up, your thoughts of loving you will be understood". "
? According to this situation, students are required to write an article to participate in this essay activity. Although the situation is virtual, such a composition question is in line with the reality of students' study and life, so it is true. Writing as required in real situations can play a good role in examining and evaluating students' writing level. The situation setting is different from the material given in the material composition. The materials in the material composition only provide an idea to inspire students to think, and generally do not provide specific and true situations. If the situation is provided, it is not a simple material composition, but can be regarded as a situational composition. The essay questions in Wuhan, Hubei, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Changde, Hunan and Tianjin all set real and typical scenes, which improved the validity of the essay questions in the senior high school entrance examination.
? There are also two composition questions in many places, one big and one small. Although the small composition accounts for a small number of points, most of them are around 10, but the small composition questions are basically specific writing tasks in real situations. The composition and design class in Shaoxing, Zhejiang held a reading class meeting. You are going to recommend a cartoon to students, so that students can complete the preparation task of the speech according to the suggestion of the Chinese teacher, and attach the cartoon map and the suggestion of the Chinese teacher. The composition was written in Changsha, Hunan Province, which listed in detail the links, main tasks, division of labor among debaters and the length of time. , and asked to introduce the process of the debate.
? Writing test questions, creating concrete and real situations, and writing according to the content of situations are in line with the characteristics of Chinese courses, and are also the development direction of composition proposition in senior high school entrance examination.
? Third, examine the deep thinking ability
? Thinking ability is an important part of Chinese core literacy and the best embodiment of students' learning ability. Composition test questions are just the main form to test students' thinking ability. A variety of thinking forms, such as image thinking, deductive thinking, inductive thinking, intuitive thinking, imaginative thinking, associative thinking, convergent thinking, divergent thinking, critical thinking, innovative thinking, etc. , can be used for the composition exam. A good composition exam is not only to keep students at the surface of thinking, but also to inspire and guide students, and to guide students' thinking activities to develop in breadth, depth and difficulty, thus improving students' thinking quality.
? Beijing Volume Composition II:
If you get a magic controller that can slow down, fast forward, rewind and pause time, under what circumstances will you use it? What will happen after use? Please start with "at this moment, I pressed the time controller", use your imagination and write a story.
? Hainan Volume Composition II:
? Each of us lives in different expectations and looks forward to our own future. If it is an eagle, it should fight in the sky; If it's a fish, you must swim in the water ... it's good to be an elite, to be a happy and fulfilling self and to reflect the value of life. Please start with "I know that my future is not a dream", use your imagination and write a narrative.
? These two composition questions belong to imaginary composition. If students don't have rich imagination, it is difficult to write such a composition well. Rich imaginative thinking ability is the most important thinking form for junior high school students of this age. Without rich imaginative thinking, there will be no innovative thinking and innovative spirit.
? The second composition topic of Nanjing Volume, Jiangsu Province:
? For the sake of environmental sanitation and food safety, the school stipulates that students are not allowed to eat snacks at school. One morning after the third class, Mi Dou, Xiao Xuan and you went to the teacher's office to get books. The teacher handed Mi Dou the chocolate on the table. She just wanted to pick it up, but she retracted her hand and said, "Thank you, teacher, I won't eat it, or I will be detained in our class." Xiao Xuan took it and said with a smile, "I'm really hungry. I'm not hungry at all!" This scene aroused your association and thinking, and you wrote an article on it.
? The composition topic of Nanjing volume is very interesting. It is a typical situational composition topic. Are the rules of the school rational, abiding by the rules, or according to the actual situation, or obeying the rules but not human? Being in it, you must think deeply. There is no absolute right or wrong. The key is to be reasonable. This composition examines students' thinking forms such as deductive thinking, associative thinking, divergent thinking and critical thinking. Writing such a composition topic requires the depth and breadth of thinking.
? The sketch in Wuhan, Hubei province, created such a scene: after a child knocked down a child, the mother and son wrote a special article "Looking for You", apologizing and taking responsibility respectively. I asked to write an article based on my understanding and thinking about this matter. Students' thinking about such a trivial matter needs to be deeply understood. Only when they think deeply about responsibility, responsibility, identity and trivia can they write a good composition.
? Not only situational composition needs the profundity of thinking, but also propositional composition, semi-propositional composition, material composition and so on. The propositional composition of Chongqing Volume B, the material composition of Hebei Volume, the understanding and feeling of "learning", the "learning and character" of Fujian Volume, the "finding a good way" of Guiyang Volume, the "crisis" of Henan Volume, and the "Tianjin Volume" are good composition topics that inspire students' thinking, require various forms of thinking and can meet the needs of students at different levels.
? On the basis of a comprehensive examination of the core literacy of Chinese, the composition questions for the senior high school entrance examination highlight the characteristics of implementing moral education, creating real situations and examining deep thinking. In the composition examination, language application is the foundation, and the composition language is accurate, vivid, well expressed and fluent, which is a direct manifestation of a student's strong language construction ability and high application level; Understanding in place, thinking deeply, and being able to treat people, things, things and reason dialectically are the manifestations of a student's thinking quality development and thinking ability improvement in his composition; Noble aesthetic taste and correct aesthetic concept, understanding of culture and establishing cultural self-confidence are all concrete manifestations of implementing the fundamental task of moral education and examining students' ideological and emotional values. An excellent composition for senior high school entrance examination is to highlight some characteristics such as the value of materials, the creation of situations and the driving of tasks on the basis of a comprehensive investigation of the core literacy of Chinese, so as to truly and comprehensively examine the true writing level of students of different levels and types.
(Originally published in The New Era China Senior High School Entrance Examination Composition Reform Archives 202 1 Literacy as the Core Theory Volume, Guangxi Education Press, 202 1 April)