Realization of intelligent logistics: the connection and difference between supply chain and logistics. In recent years, community commerce has maintained a good development momentum and gradually became a new sales growth point of traditional retail industry, especially convenience stores, which are increasingly favored by customers.

Convenience store logistics, the technological development in the past ten years, is not as fast as the technology of the internet now, and may often subvert the whole traditional industry. The technology of convenience store industry is basically in a relatively stable state from the beginning to now.

The convenience store on the street should be familiar to everyone. I like 7- 1 1 here in Beijing, and I am a good neighbor. There are more convenience stores here in Shanghai, and then in Shenzhen, convenience stores are basically everywhere.

Therefore, convenience stores have several characteristics:

Consumption is characterized by dispersion, rapidity and diversity. Everyone may go to the roadside, feel thirsty or something, and buy some drinks and cigarettes. This is probably the characteristic of consumption.

For shops, it is generally the area. In China, it is generally around 100 square meter, but it may be a little bigger in the United States, around 200 square meters.

The characteristics of commodities should be mainly fast-moving consumer goods. It is these commodities that are common and urgently needed by everyone.

Logistics characteristics of convenience stores

I talked about the product characteristics of convenience stores and everyone's consumption habits. Then what follows is the characteristics of logistics. It is characterized by a large number of stores, a variety of goods, multi-batch delivery and high delivery frequency. This is the characteristic of convenience store logistics.

In Chinese mainland, convenience stores may deliver goods once a day, even if it is relatively high. Like Japan and Taiwan Province Province, how frequently are they distributed?

Normal body temperature, about six times a week; Refrigerate goods many times a day, two or three times; Frozen goods are delivered three to six times a week; Supply fresh food twice a day; In terms of culture, newspapers and magazines are about seven times a week. With such a high delivery frequency, the requirements for the back warehouse are of course quite high.

Classification of convenience store logistics

This page shows you the classification of convenience store logistics. It can be roughly divided into normal temperature, temperature control, culture, service, other features and self-operated goods in stores: normal temperature goods, such as biscuits, snacks and daily necessities; Temperature control, something like this: 0? ,4? And 18? ; There is also common bread; Cultural goods are magazines, books, toys and posters;

Service-oriented goods are pre-purchased goods that pay fees; What we often see now is self-promotion, that is, self-promotion on the e-commerce side; Other special commodities, such as newspapers, eggs, tobacco and alcohol; There are also goods for the store's own use, probably posters, cleaning supplies, reports and the like.

Normal temperature logistics

Let's talk about the characteristics of normal temperature logistics.

Normal temperature logistics is generally inventory logistics, and the shelf life of goods is relatively long, but this length is also relative. General convenience store warehouse turnover, like the mainland, is generally about 20 days. If it is done well, it can be 15 days. Convenience stores in Taiwan Province and Japan generally say it takes seven days.

Therefore, the shelf life of this product is relatively long. The main forms are full container and scattered container, full container picking and scattered container picking.

Temperature control logistics

What are the characteristics of temperature-controlled goods? Because temperature-controlled goods are generally bread, fresh milk and the like. Its shelf life is usually 3 to 7 days.

Therefore, there is generally no inventory in the warehouse. So it's all cross-warehouse, so-called zero inventory zero inventory logistics. Orders are generally based on the needs of stores, stores and your orders, and then he orders from his upstream. This is probably a feature of temperature-controlled logistics.

Because this product has different characteristics, room temperature and temperature control. So, for him, the method of picking goods is different. Normal temperature logistics, generally using fruit picking logistics is more. Temperature control type, because it crosses the library, sowing type is usually used more. Of course, there are also fruit picking at the temperature control end, and different companies may have their own different practices.

Cultural logistics

Cultural logistics should not be common in Chinese mainland. Generally, it is handled by suppliers. For example, newspapers are usually delivered by the company that publishes them. So in newspapers and magazines, we will see few ways to deal with it.

But in Taiwan Province Province, all convenience stores have their own distribution centers to handle newspapers and magazines.

Another feature is this kind of goods, which are not ordered by stores, but directly controlled by the headquarters. It belongs to the type of active distribution. The type of inventory is also zero inventory. Is it? Come if you want, and leave if you want. Will not put the inventory in the warehouse.

You can take a closer look at these pictures, and the characteristics in dealing with cultural logistics goods are quite distinct. Because the goods here are needed, basically, they will be delivered in the morning and sorted at night. Between eight o'clock and twelve o'clock in the evening, these goods will be sent to the store for sale the next day.

Because the processing efficiency of cultural products is higher than that of normal temperature products and temperature control products. So its method of picking goods has its own characteristics.

Service commodity logistics

This shows the logistics of service goods. The logistics of service goods is that e-commerce parcels are placed in the store and taken by themselves. This kind of logistics mode is not common in our present convenience stores.

Although JD.COM and convenience stores are mentioned above, there are other e-commerce companies cooperating with convenience stores to make convenience stores a self-promotion point.

But judging from the actual effect, it is not so good. However, in Taiwan Province Province and Taiwan Province Province, convenience stores are relatively dense, and there are about 10,000 convenience stores on an island. Therefore, in this respect, e-commerce package handling in convenience stores in Taiwan Province Province is very common.

The current data, like the configuration of the whole family in Taiwan Province Province, handle about 20,000 to 30,000 packages every day. These parcels come from e-commerce and shops and will be sorted to different shops according to the destination of the parcels.

Difficulties faced by logistics at present

Let's talk about the problems faced by logistics. Now, to tell the truth, if everyone at the scene had been a warehouse manager, you would know that people are hard to find now. Ordinary stevedores now have high salaries, and it is not easy to find someone. When designing the selection method, we should consider the current manpower problem.

Now it is hard to find someone in the warehouse, not only people but also male employees. When considering the selection, we should take into account that our future employees may be mainly female employees. Manual workers who carry may not have a high level of education.

Therefore, for these people, when designing how to choose or choose methods, we should pay special attention to their characteristics, educational level and physical strength. These are all things we need to consider.

Inventory equipment

Convenience store distribution centers, or other logistics centers, commonly used inventory equipment is also so few. Probably heavy shelves, with single-row and double-row shelves. There is also a third push-back type, and the fourth is a narrow roadway type.

Narrow lane shelves are rare in the convenience store industry, except for a supermarket warehouse in Dongguan, which has never been heard of.

I'm using the drive-in shelf now, and I don't know if the effect is good. Suitable for storing a single SKU, with a large quantity but few varieties.

Three-dimensional warehouse, although the storage density is relatively high, but the efficiency is relatively low, so it is rarely used in distribution centers such as FMCG.

This picture shows shelves, smooth shelves and small shelves. Shelves are generally used to store class C goods, that is, the frequency of outbound is relatively low.

Fluency shelf, you can look at this schematic diagram. In fact, it is also a kind of gravity shelf, but it is a small piece, not the whole tray. After the lower box is taken out, the upper box automatically slides down by gravity. This should be the most commonly used one in convenience stores, or storage equipment or picking auxiliary equipment.

Common handling equipment in warehouse

The following are commonly used handling equipment in warehouses, including pallet truck, electric pallet trucks and manual hydraulic trucks (commonly known as local cattle). There is also a high-position forward forklift. These are the first three. Fourth, this is a schematic diagram. It's about traditional conveyor belts, conveyor belts and rollers, and other ways.

Here, everyone should pay more attention to this conveyor belt. We may often use this deformed transmission belt when we talk about the selection method below.

The fifth type is a dual-core forklift. This forklift can load two pallets at the same time. Although this forklift has been promoted by suppliers, it has not been used in FMCG warehouses. I feel that its efficiency is not too high, so it is used.

Key points of equipment selection and planning

What I have introduced before is relatively basic knowledge, which may be a bit boring. The characteristics of handling equipment selection mean that we should consider the selection of handling equipment when doing this selection method.

There are probably several points: bearing capacity, lifting height, matching with shelves, radius of gyration, after-sales service capacity and service life.

Key points of storage equipment planning. The storage device is usually an ordinary tray. Pallets are divided into plastic and wood. These are more common. It should be noted that when using plastic pallets, the load should be considered.

Storage management technology

This is the so-called management technology, which is to enter the position of goods and accumulate the state of goods. The tool we need is location coding. This warehouse management system uses the method of information system to record the placement position of each commodity.

Generally speaking, it is very common that the distribution centers of mature convenience stores are recorded by WMS.

Core technology: picking goods &; classify

We talked for a long time, and now let's get down to business. Let's talk about the core technology of logistics center: picking goods.

We also talked about the impact of convenience store demand on logistics. How many times are these delivered every day, the demand for picking operation in the distribution center is relatively high. There may be hundreds or thousands of stores to deal with.

Proportion analysis of tally time

When we choose the picking method in the warehouse. What we should pay attention to is to look at the time composition of each employee in the warehouse first.

This composition should be made by a foreign institution. We can see that the walking time is about 40%, the searching time is 20%, the processing time is 15%, the loading and unloading time is 10%, the information processing time is 5%, and the waiting time is 10%.

That is to say, in this warehouse, if we eliminate the walking time or shorten the search time as much as possible, then at least the overall efficiency can be improved by at least half.

Although we talked about handling tools and storage tools earlier, how to combine these tools and reduce the time for employees to walk around in the warehouse is the best way to improve picking efficiency.

Common picking mistakes

Let's take a look at several common mistakes in the process of picking up the goods: the mistakes of the goods; The mistake of quantity is to pick more and pick less; The mistake of the object is that it should be put in this store and you put it in another store; There is also a recording error. The goods were correctly picked up, but when the document was returned to the system, when the document was handwritten, the quantity might be incorrectly recorded.

These are several common selection mistakes. After all, if you handle it manually, there will be mistakes. According to statistics, the error rate of manual processing is about three thousandths. This is an error rate no matter how serious employees are.

Several ways of picking up goods

There are several ways to pick up the goods:

The first one is picking goods according to the order. More vividly, the employee is holding a document and looking for goods according to every record on the list. Picking up goods by order is usually a single order or a store.

The second is regional relay delivery. Divide a store's bill into several areas, such as washing area, beverage area and wine area, put it down after picking it up in this area, and then go to the next area to pick up the goods. This is the explanation of picking goods by district relay.

Another explanation is to divide a 50-meter-long line into three or four areas on the same line, especially at the zero break. The employees in the first area will pick up the documents and put them in the next area, so that they can continue to pick up the goods from one area to another.

The third is picking in batches or sowing in different categories.

For example, there may be 20 stores on an online line. Gather the orders of these 20 stores, pick out the goods that need to be provided and summarized, and then plant them according to the orders of each store.

The fourth is the mode of selective broadcasting. It may be more used in e-commerce. Usually, an employee holds three or four documents, and according to the quantity summarized on these documents, he writes down a certain amount of goods and distributes them to several cargo holds. Usually it is an employee cart, and then there may be three or four turnover boxes in the cart.

For example, take 10 pieces of a certain commodity, take out 10 pieces at one time, and then distribute them to each turnover box according to the instructions of the order. This method is used a little more in e-commerce, or it is more common in the selection of class C goods in convenience stores.

Several auxiliary tools for unpacking and picking up goods

Here are some auxiliary tools for picking goods. In convenience stores, we are more familiar with whole cases and unpacking.

Several basic tools for disassembling parts and picking goods;

The first one is the electronic tag. Electronic tag is to use vision to guide employees to choose goods. It shows the quantity of picking, and employees choose according to the quantity, and then turn off the lights after picking, thus completing the whole picking process.

What are the advantages of this tool? The first one is to guide employees to find by vision, which saves the time of finding. Pat the light instead of the manual documents we see every day, and don't need the documenter to record them back into the system.

The second type is RFID handheld terminal, which has the advantage of high accuracy in disassembling parts. Because the products are scanned one by one by scanning bar codes or pressing them once, the accuracy is relatively high, but the disadvantage is that the efficiency is relatively low.

The following is voice picking. At present, voice picking has not been widely used, only in convenience stores or logistics centers. Now Qingdao has a favorable group, and Chinese mainland has Carrefour. In the past, this Dia used this voice to pick goods in the warehouse every day, and Jia Rong in Dongguan seems to be using it.

Several auxiliary tools for picking goods in whole container

The following are several auxiliary tools for FCL to pick up goods:

The first way is to broadcast the goods as soon as they arrive. This way is to use the variant of the conveyor belt, take the pallet as a trolley, send the goods to be picked to people by automation, and also send the pallet to people by the automated conveyor belt, thus reducing the walking time of people and saving 40% time.

There is also a handheld terminal that is also RF. At present, it has its advantages and disadvantages, but different people may have different ideas. Some people think that the picking efficiency of RF handheld terminals is not high, while others think it is relatively high. For example, Wuxi Huashan warehouse, they think that picking goods by radio frequency processing is more efficient, and no one can reach 200 cases per hour.

Bulk shipment of high-piled vehicles is rare. Generally speaking, what he wants in a shop happens to be a tray, that is, a tray. In this case, he will be given a batch of goods, which will be delivered directly according to this pallet.

The third type is straight-through logistics distribution, that is, using automatic sorting machine for distribution. Voice picking is not widely used in whole container picking. My personal opinion is that the staff work hard enough every day to speak, and it is estimated that their voices will be hoarse at the end of the day.

Pick to conveyor

Finally, everyone said this, using the conveyor belt to move the whole box of goods to the conveyor belt for picking, picking and transporting. This picking method should be relatively rare in practice, but its advantage is that it eliminates the walking distance of people. The following will introduce the effect of this method in detail.

This picking method mainly has several ways:

The first is the deformation of picking goods according to the order. Picking by order means putting the goods in the same store in a picking area, and then the employees move the goods that need to be picked to this conveyor belt. At the end of the summary, someone is responsible for removing the goods and stacking them on the pallet. This is a picking method.

There is another way to pick goods by labeling, because the labels need to be scanned during automatic sorting below, so there is another way to pick goods by labeling. Its main advantage is to reduce the walking distance of people.

Let's take a look at this selection module. The delivery module consists of several parts:

There are two rows of gravity shelves first, then each shelf can hold two pallets of goods, with a conveying line in the middle, and then rollers and belts can be used. When starting work, employees put labels on the conveyor belt.

Another way is that someone specially labels it. The employee in front puts a label on it, and the porter in the back sees the labeled box and moves it to the conveying line. The advantage of this delivery mode is that the goods are in place at one time, which shortens the delivery path and avoids the problem of traffic jam.

Electronic tag assisted picking mode

This is a commonly used electronic label for convenience store selection. There are generally two ways to use electronic tags, one is picking and the other is sowing. There are many ways to choose normal temperature commodities. There are many types of sowing in low-temperature commodities.

Its advantage is to reduce the search time, and because it is selected by glass shelves, the distance traveled by employees is also relatively short. In addition, the training of employees is relatively simple, and employees can choose according to the number only by seeing the lighting instructions.

Sound pickup system

This is a concrete demonstration of speech pickup. One of the advantages of voice picking that we hear now is that it is more convenient to free your hands and move things by hand. Through a given instruction, and then move the box, after moving the box, you only need to return an instruction through a specific word, and then the system will automatically process it.

Although the voice picking method frees hands, I think the advantages of this kind of picking method for picking large commodities, such as picking a whole case of beer in the picture or picking tires for auto parts, may be more prominent.

Several situations of voice pickup;

The first scene must be a heavy lifting of hands, such as a whole box of beer and tires;

There is also a cold storage, a cold storage at MINUS 18 degrees, and a low-temperature warehouse is more commonly used. Because gloves are not very good at operating delicate equipment;

Another kind is luxury goods or expensive goods, which are used more in warehouses.

Automatic classification system

Although there are so many sliders, balance wheels, disassembly and crossing in this picture, convenience stores should use balance wheels or slider sorting machines more.

The efficiency of the slider sorting machine is relatively high; The highest speed of the balance wheel sorter can now reach about 1 10,000 cases per hour; At present, the investment of detachable sorters is relatively high, and the use of distribution centers is relatively small.

Automatic sorting systems for straight-through and warehouse logistics will be more common. Personally, I like to use the automatic sorting system. The automatic sorting machine can handle not only the goods in the warehouse, but also the passing goods. Also, if the convenience store can cooperate with the e-commerce, it can also handle this parcel on this line.

Case introduction

Part of the case introduction: convenience stores in Taiwan Province Province

After talking about the equipment and several common picking methods, let's take a look at the case. I chose two cases, one is a convenience store in Taiwan Province, and the other is a distribution center in Chinese mainland.

Convenience stores in Taiwan Province Province are characterized by less automation equipment. Although Taiwan Province Province is small and the labor cost is relatively high, it has not chosen any automatic sorting or other equipment with higher automation.

The main feature is to make full use of people's initiative, and then combine equipment to improve work efficiency as much as possible, which is a feature of convenience store logistics in Taiwan Province Province.

Several major convenience stores in Taiwan Province Province, 7- 1 1, the whole family and Lairfu. The characteristic of logistics is that the whole container is basically the same. Use electronic tags as instructions, and then use electric pallet trucks to pick up the goods. Why do you choose goods in this way?

This method can flexibly handle documents during peak hours. If automatic sorting is used, a peak bottleneck may occur. However, if electronic tags and electric pallet trucks are used, the peak processing can be solved by increasing the number of employees during the peak period of documents.

Glass shelves, electronic labels and conveying lines are often used to solve this problem. But in different warehouses, there will be subtle differences in unpacking:

For example, in the picture we see now, a store needs several turnover boxes, so we put several turnover boxes together to pick goods. This is picking up the goods according to the order.

Another way is to drive through the box label. Labels are distributed by machines, and then the light of electronic labels depends on the labels on each box. The advantage of this is that everyone won't line up, and everyone can send the boxes in their own area to the next area after handling them.

The advantage of putting the above boxes together is that they are in the same store and then lit at the same time. People on both sides saw that the box was lit, and then put the goods into the box according to the lit lamp. The advantage is that the space of each box can be maximized.

You can also pay attention to the details in this picture. For example, you can see that the number of the bottom shelf is only five digits, and many of them may be eight digits in Chinese mainland, and all eight digits may be digits, but in Taiwan Province Province, it is relatively simple to design this code into five digits.

Although it is not shown in the figure, the picking in the unpacking operation area will actually flexibly handle the number of boxes cached on the picking location according to the outbound quantity of each commodity.

For example, Taiwan Province's sorghum liquor, Shaanxi's Chinese mainland Fenjiu liquor and Beijing's Erguotou are all famous, and this kind of goods is not as common as one plate with a whole plate.

Let's talk about the selection level of convenience store distribution centers in Chinese mainland.

Some case studies: convenience stores in Chinese mainland.

What you see in the picture should be said to be relatively advanced at present, full container operation, and then an automatic sorting machine with a balance wheel is used. An automatic sorting machine is used in the zero-dividing area, and finally the turnover box is also connected to the automatic sorting machine through the conveyor belt for confluence.

The picture shows a common but low-level operation mode. Here, I will explain to you the common distribution center, which uses electronic labels and transportation lines to disassemble parts. This is a more common way. In the whole container handling, hydraulic trucks are usually used to pick up goods with RFID.

It is said that the warehouse where Meiyijia has not yet opened uses the automatic high shelves of the stacker. There are also some low-level ones, that is, holding documents, and some picking and sowing in batches, using the form of documents.

How to choose the delivery method

The first choice is to look at handling tools, pallet truck, hydraulic truck and conveyor belt, which are three common handling tools; There are also several auxiliary tools, such as electronic tags, RFID and voice picking, which can be combined into many ways.

How to use these methods:

First, look at investment;

The second is the use of SKUs, whether there are fixed SKUs or a large number of SKUs;

Thirdly, the quality of employees, such as the use of electronic labels and electric pallet trucks in Taiwan Province Province, will try their best to improve the efficiency of work because of their high subjective initiative.

For example, the operating mode of electric pallet trucks with electronic tags can reach the level of 400/h-500/h, but it is rarely so efficient in Chinese mainland.

Some warehouses adopt piecework system, and some employees will try their best to improve their work efficiency in order to make money, but sometimes it is not effective to improve their work efficiency by piecework system, because some employees do not work to make money.

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