Qingdao is located at the southern tip of Shandong Peninsula (35 35'-37 09' north latitude and119 30'-12100' east longitude), on the coast of the Yellow Sea. It is one of 70 large and medium-sized cities in China. Qingdao is located in the southeast of Shandong Peninsula, bordering the Yellow Sea in the east and south, Yantai in the northeast, Weifang in the west and Rizhao in the southwest. 1February, 1994, was listed as one of the national 15 sub-provincial cities. Qingdao is a unique coastal city with beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. The total length of the city's coastline (including island coastline) is 870 kilometers, of which the mainland coastline is 730 kilometers, accounting for 1/4 of the coastline of Shandong Province. The coast twists and turns, and the headland intersects with the bay. Qingdao now governs seven districts and five cities, with a total area of 10654 square kilometers and a total population of 7.409 million, of which the urban area 1 159 square kilometers has a population of 2.6543 million.
The origin of the name
The name "Qingdao" originally refers to Little Qingdao (also called Qindao), which is named after the island's "beautiful rocks and lush trees". The appearance of the name "Qingdao" was clearly recorded in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 400 years.
In the seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1579), Jimo County made an order to visit the four seas and Jimo places and presided over the compilation of Jimo County Records. It can be said that Xu Ling is the first person to fully understand Qingdao. Although there was only a small floating mountain in Qingdao at that time, a small island "Qingdao" located on the bank of Qingdao Bay was also mentioned.
In the "On Local Affairs and Coastal Defence" edited by Xu Ding, there is such a description of the name of Qingdao: "The southeast coast of this county, that is, the eastern border of China, has no Tianjin, and the island lions are in it. People who can live on the island are Qing, Fu, Guan, Baima, Xianghua, Tian Heng and Yanwu. " The "green" here refers to Qingdao, which is now Little Qingdao. In Xu Ling's eyes, a small Qingdao can not only defend against Japanese invaders, but also become a place where human beings live. It can be seen from here that Little Qingdao was originally mainly used for military purposes.
It should be pointed out that "Qingdao" mentioned by Xu Ling at this time is a small island where thousands of households can be stationed under Fushan. On the opposite bank slope of this island, a small Tianhou Palace has also existed here for 100 years. If we go back further, we can trace it back to the time when villagers living on the hillside near Tianhou Palace first came to build Qingdao Village.
According to the Hu family tree compiled by 1924, "it is said that my family moved from Yunnan to Jimo in the early years of Yongle and lived in Shangzhuang, Qingdao" and "lived together for more than 500 years". In other words, as early as more than 60 years before the completion of the Tianhou Palace, Hu people had moved from Yunnan to build a village in Xianying Hotel. This village built by Hu people was originally called "Qingdao Village". Only later, there were more and more villagers, and the original village site could no longer accommodate them, so another branch was set up and moved to the present Hunan Road and Guangxi Road. In this way, the original "Qingdao Village" was called "Shangqingdao Village", commonly known as "Shangzhuang"; The newly-built "Qingdao Village" is called "Xiaqingdao Village", commonly known as "Xiazhuang". Hu people's ancestral home is Shangzhuang.
This basically gives us a clear context, that is, "Qingdao comes first, then Qingdao Village, and finally Tianhou Palace". Because we know that some islands near Qingdao had names before the Song Dynasty. It is estimated that the name "Qingdao" can not be later than the early Ming Dynasty. Later, a man named Hu came from Yunnan. They named their village after the island of Qingdao Bay, and named a mountain near the east as "Qingdao Mountain". After coming to Qingdao, they "can make a living" and built a "Mazu Tempel" here, which was later the Tianhou Palace. By the time the Tianhou Palace was completed in 1467, Qingdao Bay had become the largest fishing port and cargo terminal in Qingdao, and was called "Qingdao Port". There are so many place names named after "Qingdao" that the original "Qingdao" is popularly called "Little Qingdao".
Another small island called "Qingdao" is located in the northeast of Tian Heng Island in jimo city, also known as "Sanping Island". This small island was recorded in the Tongzhi edition of Jimo County Records in the Qing Dynasty, but it has the same name as Qingdao, so it has been called Sanping Island since the beginning of the 20th century. And this "Qingdao" is slowly being called.
So, when is "Qingdao" the general name of Qingdao area? What is recorded now is a stone tablet carved in Tianhou Palace during Tongzhi period in Qing Dynasty. This inscription records: "Qingdao has been established for more than one hundred years. So far, tourists and businessmen have gathered together. " Here, the word "Qingdao" used in the inscription is not the concept of an island, a village, a mountain or a seaport, but the floorboard of Qingdao area. As for the conclusion that "Qingdao started" and "more than a hundred years" in the tablet, the time should be during the reign of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, and it should be the beginning of Qingdao's "opening port", which has a history of nearly 300 years.
natural environment
Qingdao is located in the north temperate monsoon region and belongs to the temperate monsoon climate. Due to the direct regulation of the marine environment and the influence of southeast monsoon, ocean current and water mass from the ocean surface, the urban area has obvious maritime climate characteristics. The air is humid, the temperature is moderate, and the four seasons are distinct. The temperature rises slowly in spring, which is later than inland 1 month. Summer is hot and humid and rainy, but there is no heating; In autumn, the weather is refreshing and there is little precipitation; In winter, the wind is strong and the temperature is low, which lasts for a long time, but there is no severe cold.
The development of history
Qingdao is a famous historical and cultural city and one of the cradles of Taoism in China. 6000 years ago, there were human beings here. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Jimo, the second great history of Shandong Province at that time, was established. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he visited Langyatai, now located in Jiaonan, Qingdao, three times. Xu Fu of Qin Dynasty led a fleet to cross Korea and Japan from Langya Mountain. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once worshipped the gods at the Jiaomen Palace in Buqi Mountain, which is now located in Chengyang District, Qingdao, and set up Jiuming Hall to worship the ancestors at Nvgu Mountain on the coast of Jiaozhou Bay. At the end of Qing Dynasty, Qingdao had developed into a prosperous town, which used to be called Jiaoao.
189 1 14 June (the 17th year of Guangxu reign), the Qing government fortified Jiaoao, which was the beginning of the construction of Qingdao. 1897165438+10 In October, Germany used the "Juye religious plan" as an excuse to send troops to occupy Qingdao. 19 14 World War I broke out. 1 1 In June, Japan invaded Qingdao and replaced Germany in military colonial rule of Qingdao. 19 19, the famous May 4th Movement in China's modern history was caused by "recovering Qingdao". 1922 12 10 China recovered Qingdao and set up Jiaoao commercial port supervision office, which was directly under the Beiyang government. 1929 July, Qingdao Special City was established. 1930, renamed Qingdao. 1938 65438+ 10, Japan invaded Qingdao again. 1945 In September, the Kuomintang government took over Qingdao, which was still a special city. 1June 2, 949, Qingdao was liberated. 1986, Qingdao was listed separately in the national plan, giving considerable provincial economic management authority. 1994 is listed as one of the national 15 sub-provincial cities.
administrative division
Area 10903 km2, population 7.07 million. Jurisdiction over 7 districts and 5 cities. The Municipal People's Government is located in Shinan District with the postal code of 266000. Area code 0532.
Shinan District covers an area of 30 square kilometers and has a population of 430,000. The postal code is 26600 1.
Shibei District covers an area of 29 square kilometers and has a population of 470,000. The postal code is 2660 1 1.
Sifang district covers an area of 35 square kilometers and has a population of 360,000. The postal code is 26603 1.
Huangdao District covers an area of 277 square kilometers and has a population of 260,000. The postal code is 266500.
Laoshan District covers an area of 389 square kilometers with a population of 6.5438+0.9 million. The postal code is 266 100.
Chengyang District covers an area of 553 square kilometers and has a population of 430,000. The postal code is 26604 1.
Licang District covers an area of 98 square kilometers and has a population of 280,000. Postal code 26602 1.
Jiaozhou city has an area of 1, 2 10 square kilometers and a population of 750,000. The postal code is 266300.
Jimo city covers an area of 1.727 km2 and a population of 1.07 million. The postal code is 266200.
Pingdu city has an area of 3 166 km2 and a population of 1.33 million. The postal code is 266700.
Jiaonan covers an area of 1.927 square kilometers and has a population of 840,000. The postal code is 266400.
Laixi covers an area of 1.522 square kilometers and has a population of 720,000. The postal code is 266600.
Urban status
An important coastal city in eastern China.
Qingdao is an important economic center city and port city in China, a national historical and cultural city and a scenic spot.
Qingdao is one of the top ten most economically dynamic cities in China and one of the top ten commercial cities in China, and won the "Entrepreneur Satisfaction Award".
Qingdao is one of the first civilized cities in China.
Qingdao is one of the two "China brand capitals" in China.
Qingdao is a national environmental protection model city, a national health city and a national garden city, and won the "China Habitat Environment Award".
In 2005, Qingdao won the first place in "The Most Popular China City".
Qingdao is the host city of sailing competition in the 29th Olympic Games in 2008, and also the "sailing capital" of China.
Qingdao is an open coastal city of China 14 and one of the eight international conference cities.
Qingdao is one of the important foreign trade ports in China.
Qingdao is an important marine scientific research base in China.
Qingdao honor
● China International Friendship City Work Contribution Award ● Qingdao Government Affairs Network: the first place in the performance evaluation of China municipal government websites ● The national advanced city of civil air defense work ● The national demonstration city of barrier-free facilities construction ● The national demonstration city of cable digital TV ● The national demonstration city of three green projects ● The investment environment of the first mainland city ranked first in 2005 ● The most economically dynamic city in China in 2004. +October ● Most Satisfied City for Entrepreneurs 20041/month ● China's living environment model award 20041February ● China's best commercial city August 2005 ● The first batch of national civilized cities 20051October ● China's most beautiful urban area 20051month. August+10 ● China city that the public yearns for most 2005 65438+February ● China city with the most amorous feelings 2006 65438+ 10 ● China city with the most investment value in the eyes of multinational companies August 2006 ● Forbes Chinese mainland's best commercial city September 2006 ● Gold medal investment city 2006/ Year 165438+ 10 ● China's top ten most competitive manufacturing cities in 2006 65438+ February ● China's most popular city for migrant workers in February 2007 ● China brand city that touched the world in September 2007 ● China's first safest city in September 2007 ● China's most this beautiful city in September 2007 ● Top ten happiest cities in China in 2007165438+1October ● Top ten happiest cities in China in 2007165438+1October.
Traffic development
Qingdao Port is a famous natural port, an important international trade port and a maritime transportation hub in the Yellow River Basin of China and the west coast of the Pacific Rim. It has container, ore, crude oil and coal terminals, 97 international air routes to more than 450 ports, and 465,438+09 international flights to all parts of the world every month. In 2005, the annual throughput of Qingdao Port exceeded 65.438+0.8 billion tons, reaching 65.438+0.87 billion tons, ranking fifth in the country. Among them, the ore throughput is 64 million tons, ranking first in the country; The throughput of imported crude oil is 23.8 million tons, ranking first in the country; Foreign trade throughput10.40 billion tons, ranking second in the country; The container throughput exceeded 6 million TEUs, reaching 63 1000 TEUs, ranking third in China and remaining among the top 15 in the world. The outward orientation of the port is 75%, ranking first in the country.
Qingdao air transport maintained rapid growth. In 2005, the air passenger throughput was 5.55 million, an increase of15.43%; Air cargo and mail throughput 1.23 million tons, up 1. 1% year-on-year. 19 international (regional) passenger and cargo routes have been opened, and direct flights to Tokyo, Osaka, Fukuoka, Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Paris (via Shanghai), seven European countries (via Beijing), Singapore, Bangkok, Hong Kong, Macao and Frankfurt will be opened soon. It has opened flights to 50 major cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, with 6 10 flights per week.
The road traffic in Qingdao is very developed. Up to now, nine expressways have been built in Qingdao, including Qing Ji, Jiaozhou Bay, Liu Xi, Liu Xi, Xiamen-Shuangcheng, Weilai, Tongshan, Yin Qing, National Highway 206 and Qianwan Port. The total mileage of expressways reaches 525 kilometers, accounting for one-sixth of the total mileage of expressways in China and one-sixth of the whole province. At present, the number, length, density and proportion of expressways in Qingdao rank first among similar cities in China, and have initially reached the level of developed countries.
Coastal highway is one of the main skeletons of Qingdao transportation system. The project starts from the eastern end of Xielaba in Fengcheng, jimo city, Qingdao, passing through jimo city, Laoshan District, Shinan District, Huangdao District and Jiaonan City, and ends at National Highway 204 near Liushudi Village, Boli Town, Jiaonan City. The total mileage of coastal highway is about 169 km, the total investment of the project is about 3.7 billion yuan, and the construction period is 2 years. It is planned to be completed and opened to traffic by the end of 2006.
Communication construction
Qingdao's post and telecommunications business grew rapidly. In 20001year, the total post and telecommunications business was 9.702 billion yuan, an increase of 32.4%. With the continuous popularization and improvement of network information technology, the total number of netizens reached 843,000 in 2005, an increase of 27.7%, and the usage time reached 27.56 billion minutes. The communication capacity was further enhanced, and the total capacity of local telephone exchanges in the city reached 3.2 million10.6 million, an increase of 6.28%; The number of local telephone users reached 2.2748 million, and the number of mobile telephone users increased to 3.8364 million.
cultural education
Qingdao's cultural undertakings are developing vigorously. There are 489 cultural institutions in the city. Among them, there are 29 theaters, 2 film teams 1 4, cultural centers (stations) 172, 8 museums, public libraries 13, art performance groups 12, radio stations15, and TV stations 6544. The city published 0/7.34 million magazines and 548.97 million newspapers. In 2005, * * * created and published 420 literary and artistic works (articles and drawings) and won 53 awards at or above the provincial level. There are 14 archives in the city.
Education has developed steadily. In 2005, there were 20 colleges and universities with 248,200 students. There are 79 secondary vocational schools with students 153900. There are 22 technical schools with 39,000 students. Basic education schools 1335, with 9 15900 students. Among them, there are 68 high schools with138,000 students; There are 263 junior high schools with 298,000 students; Primary school 1004, with 479,800 students; The enrollment rate of junior high school is over 99%.
Travel and tourism
Qingdao is the first batch of excellent tourist cities in China, an important transportation hub in the eastern coastal area of China and the main port for overseas tourists to enter and leave China.
Qingdao is surrounded by the sea on three sides, surrounded by mountains and seas, with beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. Coupled with special historical accumulation, Qingdao became a famous tourist attraction in China as early as the early 20th century. The beautiful seaside scenery, the ups and downs of the sea fairy mountain-Laoshan Mountain, the city scenery with red tiles and green trees, blue sea and blue sky, the typical European-style multinational architecture, the former residence of famous people in modern history and culture, and the modern holiday exhibition conditions make Qingdao, a city with a combination of Chinese and Western, mountains, seas and cities, the most beautiful seaside scenery in China and a holiday exhibition capital renowned at home and abroad.
In 2005, Qingdao received 684,400 overseas tourists and realized foreign exchange income of 4150,000 USD. The number of domestic tourists was 24.4903 million, and the domestic tourism income was 22.26 billion yuan. The total tourism revenue is 25.66 billion yuan.
living environment
Qingdao New District, which developed in 1990s, has become the political, economic, financial and cultural center of Qingdao. The former shanty towns have been replaced by elegant residential quarters and rows of high-rise buildings.
As an open coastal city, a national historical and cultural city and a national key protected city in the State Council, Qingdao adheres to the concept of "creating a beautiful environment and building a pleasant residence", and has achieved all-round development in urban planning, ecological environment and residential buildings, creating a living environment with coordinated economic and social development, harmonious coexistence between man and nature, outstanding urban personality, beautiful mountains and seas, clean environment, perfect functions and comfortable life. It has successively been rated as a national health city, an excellent tourist city in China, a national garden city, a national environmental protection model city and a national water-saving city, and has successively won the honorary titles of the United Nations and the National Model Award for Human Settlements, the China Award for Human Settlements and the National Civilized City. Qingdao has become one of the most suitable cities for human entrepreneurship and life.
Festival celebration
Qingdao International Beer Festival (August),
China Qingdao Ocean Festival,
Cherry Blossom Festival (late April),
Haiyun Temple Sugar Ball Club (16th to 18th day of the first lunar month),
Temple Fair in Tianhou Palace (from the first day to the thirtieth day of the first lunar month),
China Qingdao Beach Culture and Art Festival (September),
Qingdao Spring-Music Week (middle and late April),
China International Electronic and Electrical Exposition (June),
Qingdao International Fashion Week (September),
China International Maritime Expo,
Dazeshan Grape Festival (September),
Qingdao Bar Culture Festival (65438+February), etc.
Special diet
Tsingtao beer, Laoshan mineral water, JIAOZHOU bay clams, Laoshan green tea, Liuting pig's trotters, Qingdao Dabao, Taishan Road barbecue, Pichai Yuan snacks, etc.
Qingdao cuisine:
Qingdao is rich in precious sea cucumber, scallop, abalone, conch, prawn and Cargill, which determines the characteristics of Qingdao cooking with seafood as the main raw material. The traditional banquets in Qingdao are particular, and the common specifications are "416" and "428". The order of serving requires cold before hot, salty before sweet, and each table must have fish. Without sea cucumber, it is not a big table. Eat seafood to see the season. Spring and summer are the best seasons, which will definitely make you never want to eat meat again. Of course, we should also be careful. Many tourists who come to Qingdao for the first time can't stand the temptation of seafood and eat too much. The result ... (you can imagine).
Qingdao has seafood dinners with northern characteristics and various snacks with Shandong characteristics. Pasta is overwhelming, and the heat in jiaozi is boiling. Northern food tastes heavy and needs to be digested well. Famous chefs gather in Qingdao, and there are many delicious foods. Tsingtao beer and Laoshan mineral spring are well-known at home and abroad. It tastes really good!
In the snack street, you can taste the local flavor snacks in Qingdao, where there are rare pleasures in the hotel. Pichai Yuan, located in Jiangning Road between Zhongshan Road and Hebei Road, is a famous snack street in Qingdao. In addition, there are Damaidao Seafood Street, Xiao Yun Road Zhongyuan Food Street, Huiquan Snack Street, Double Star Catering Street, Taishan Road Barbecue Street, Chang 'an Food Street and so on. , is a paradise for gourmets.
Ten Characteristics of Qingdao Special Cuisine
Yingzhou Spanish mackerel snacks:
The traditional snacks in Qingdao Hotel have a history of more than 50 years.
Steamed red island oyster:
Qingdao Xiaohonglou Restaurant is a special brand, especially with ginger vinegar.
Meige bean jelly:
Seafood in Qingdao Xinya Food City.
Guxiangcun prawn noodles:
Qingdao Gu Xiang Village Noodle Restaurant is exclusively launched.
Yingzhou Clam Package:
Qingdao hotel seafood brand.
Medal grilled squid:
Medal Barbecue Shop specializes in.
Big boat and light fish package:
Wonton king fast food restaurant is exclusively launched, and only Qingdao is unique.
Whole fish in casserole:
The characteristic brand of Wanhechun Hotel.
Bao Dao seafood jade noodles:
Exclusively launched by Bao Dao Restaurant.
Great Wall Seafood Furnace Package:
It is exclusively operated by Great Wall Hotel and has become a popular specialty food.
Qingdao zhizui
Tailiu Road, the earliest highway in China (1903 completed)
The earliest modern observatory in China-Qingdao Observatory (1898)
The earliest aquarium in Asia-Qingdao Seafood Museum (built at 1932)
Laoshan mineral water, the earliest mineral water plant in China (1905)
The earliest coke in China-Laoshan coke (1953)
The largest textile industrial base in old China.
The earliest locomotive in New China.
China's largest home appliance base.
Tsingtao Brewery, the largest beer producer in China.
The most developed urban drainage facilities in China.
The largest foreign trade port in the north.
The largest container port in the north (equivalent to the sum of Tianjin and Dalian)
The largest ore wharf in China.
China's largest crude oil terminal.
The highest point of China's coastline-Laoshan1133m.
Lingshan Island, the highest island in the north, 5 13m.
China Ocean University (formerly Qingdao Ocean University), the highest institution of marine science in China.
The city with the largest number of academicians in cities under separate state planning-36 academicians.
China is the city with the most brands and well-known trademarks.
China is the city that uses the most sea water.