Preparation before layout (1) design:
1. Choose the idea masthead according to the publicity content of this issue, and consider the position and space of the masthead painting in the layout.
2. Understand the content of each article, prioritize, and then roughly determine the position and arrangement in the layout according to the content and length of the article.
3. Determine the arrangement and position of article titles and topics.
4, conception, select the title of each article, draw the title flower, the end flower border lace and so on.
5. Determine the overall tone and the tone of each article, such as: serious or solemn, warm or lively, warm or indifferent.
(2) Overall layout design
It seems easy to publish a blackboard newspaper. A blackboard with only a few pieces of content can be completed soon, but in practice, it is very knowledgeable to run a blackboard newspaper well. Because the newspaper on the blackboard combines knowledge and skills such as writing, painting, calligraphy, design and color, it is a comprehensive application of various knowledge and skills. Therefore, the design of the blackboard newspaper should have a holistic concept, take into account the overall composition and layout of the blackboard, emphasize ideological content, and cannot ignore artistic forms. Therefore, the arrangement of articles, titles and masthead paintings, the use of font patterns and colors should make them an organic whole with internal relations.
1. Arrangement and visual effects
The arrangement of articles on blackboard newspapers is generally divided into three forms: horizontal arrangement, vertical arrangement and combination of horizontal and vertical arrangement.
The rule of attention value of visual effect is that the attention value of the upper left part is the largest, the left part is greater than the right part, the upper part is greater than the lower part, and the apparent horizon is greater than the upper and lower ends.
In addition, we should also consider the difference between the visual effect of the balance relationship and the reality. The human visual center is not completely equal to the mathematical center, but higher than the mathematical center. The visual dividing line that distinguishes the upper and lower parts with the ratio of 1: 1.62 is called the "golden dividing line".
The layout and composition of the blackboard newspaper require relative symmetry and balance, not a single symmetrical balance in concrete form. The key to breaking the traditional form is to keep people's senses and consciousness in balance. 2, typesetting form
The layout should report the content of the central article according to the overall design requirements and the attention value of the layout, and make reasonable arrangements to achieve neat, coherent, novel, vivid, eye-catching and beautiful visual effects.
Several common typesetting forms are as follows:
(1) radial type (2) chain type (3) M or w type (4) concave-convex type (5) rhombic type (6) "+"or "*" type (7) step type (8) "-"type (9) "20" or "well"
The form and intention of layout and composition will also arouse readers' association and get involved in certain emotional consciousness.
Horizontal and parallel typesetting and composition give people a sense of leisure, peace and tranquility, because horizontal, calm and even human rest are usually expressed in this form.
Slant lines and curves usually indicate a sense of movement, such as moving forward and struggling in the layout.
Sawtooth often gives people a feeling of tension and pain, and the tooth shape developed in the center is obviously expanding and dangerous.
A regular triangle is sharp, hard, stable and unshakable.
Trapezoid gives people a solid and lasting feeling, and it seems that it will never roll over.
The "V" shape is an unstable shape, which also gives people the association of the ribbon of the medal of victory.
Diamonds give people a harmonious and balanced atmosphere, just like a smile.
Square is a correct, solemn, strong and simple image, giving people a very stable feeling.
Fan often gives people a relaxed, cool and euphemistic meaning.
Semicircles are usually associated with quietness and softness, giving people a feeling of fullness and fullness.
The oval shape has a pleasant, soft and expansive feeling. The design and creation of headlines are the "headlines" of newspapers. It can be said that blackboard newspaper, as a special newspaper, is just like the cover of a book. The first thing that attracts readers' attention is probably the title. Because in the whole layout of the blackboard newspaper, the title occupies the part with high attention value and accounts for a considerable proportion in the layout. And the header is mainly pictures, made of colored chalk or other pigments, which is the most eye-catching. Therefore, the design and manufacture of headers are very important. Here are some questions about the header.
1. Title and theme
Since the headline is the "head" of a newspaper, it is natural to vividly reflect the theme of the blackboard newspaper with pictures, so that people can know the main content and articles of the blackboard newspaper at a glance. At the same time, the header design should also be related to the nature and characteristics of the work of the unit and department.
In short, the first headline should serve the content of the blackboard newspaper, set off the center, highlight the theme and enhance the publicity effect. Second, we should combine the nature of this unit to make it have its own characteristics. Generally speaking, the title should be changed according to the content of each issue, and the content with high frequency can also be changed in several issues.
2. Main points of header design
(1) Theme painting: people, buildings, weapons or animals and plants.
(2) Headlines: such as "Barracks World" and "Weapons Expo".
(3) Geometry or lace: Geometry can be composed of single lines or color blocks, and the shape, tone and lace of the header play the role of decoration and beautification.
In addition to the above parts, the header should also be accompanied by the words organizer, publication date, number of issues, etc. , so that readers can have a general understanding of the publication of blackboard newspaper.
According to the theme, you can still choose suitable materials, and you can draw materials from sketches, albums, photos and newspaper clippings accumulated in your life, innovate or simplify, generalize and exaggerate, and design and make headers with certain geometric figures. At the same time, the header design should meet the requirements of "balance and consciousness".
3. The position of the header in the page
The position of the header is generally arranged in the middle, upper middle, upper left corner and upper right corner of the blackboard newspaper layout. Of course, the arrangement of the middle lower part, the lower left corner and the lower right corner is also unique, which makes the layout unique and unique. However, it should be noted that it is better to change the position of the header, which will produce freshness from the "dynamic" position of the header and avoid the rigid "old face". The title is the title. Blackboard newspapers usually have a title and a subtitle. The title should be concise, eye-catching and meaningful.
1, font selection of the title
The title has a strong ideological and emotional color, and it is very important to choose what font. Good choice can increase the charm of the topic, otherwise, it will have the opposite effect. Titles are usually divided into two categories, one is calligraphy and the other is calligraphy. Commonly used fonts are:
Seal script: neat and beautiful, beautiful and smooth, comfortable and simple.
Official script: warm and plump, euphemistic and moist, light and simple.
Shu Wei: Vigorous, magnificent.
Bold body: serious and solemn black song style: rigorous and heavy imitation song style: slim and fragrant.
Song Dynasty: stable and generous complex: simple and generous amber body: lively and natural.
2. Arrangement and proportion of titles in the layout
Headlines play an important role in outlining and guiding readers to read, and are generally placed in a more important position. They are arranged in a horizontal, vertical, inclined, curved and staggered manner. Generally, horizontal and vertical cross layout is adopted to make the layout lively. Although simple, convenient and easy to arrange, it is dull and lifeless.
Although the title is important, it should not occupy too much space, otherwise it will appear top-heavy, so we should pay attention to the appropriate proportion.
3. Copy the font and format of the blackboard manuscript.
There is an essential difference between the font copied from the blackboard manuscript and the font selection of the topic. The font selection of the title should conform to the content, thought and emotion expressed by the title, and keep consistent with the personality of the font as much as possible. However, the purpose of choosing the blackboard manuscript font is to make the whole layout clean and easy to read. Therefore, they are generally selected: imitation of Song Dynasty, official script, Wei Ti, regular script and running script.
Transcription of blackboard newspaper is an important link. When copying, we should not only pay attention to the general requirements of word spacing and line spacing, but also consider the overall artistic effect of the blackboard newspaper.
From the overall layout, the frame spacing is greater than the line spacing, the line spacing is greater than the line spacing, and the line spacing is greater than the word spacing. Judging from the layout of the whole blackboard newspaper, the space between sides is greater than the space between rows.
The above specific proportions can refer to the arrangement ratio of newspapers and books, but no matter how many, the format and proportion of full-text copying must be consistent.
Summarize the main points of blackboard newspaper writing as follows:
Try to master the font: the font is consistent, the size is consistent, the thickness is consistent, the depth is consistent, the handwriting is correct, and the font is standardized.
Copying should be arranged as far as possible: left and right are parallel, up and down are aligned, top spacing is greater than side spacing, side spacing is greater than line spacing, line spacing is greater than word spacing, horizontal writing starts from left, vertical writing starts from right, both ends are flush, colors are consistent, white is appropriate, and punctuation is blank.
Summarize the key points of layout making as follows:
The design is novel, the proportion is appropriate, the theme is clear, the focus is prominent, the dispersion is balanced, the density is appropriate, the tightness is appropriate, the header is clear, the title is eye-catching, the article is short, the text is rich and colorful, the fonts are diverse, the fine print is white, the fonts are unified, the copying is neat and the organization is clear. Several techniques of blackboard painting This paper mainly introduces several techniques of drawing on the blackboard with colored chalk.
1, single line diagram and color block diagram
Single-line drawing is to draw thick and thin lines and outlines by using different angles of chalk, that is, the size of the contact surface between chalk and blackboard, indicating the shape and distance of objects. This technique is easy to express rhythm, proportion, graceful movements and physical characteristics, and requires concise and general images, clear lines, rigidity and flexibility, and clear priorities. The specific steps are to draw the main line first, determine the angle and direction, and then draw the sub-line.
Color block painting is painting directly with different colors of chalk. When painting with color blocks, we should pay attention to the expression of color tones.
The specific steps are as follows: first, draw the general outline of the object with a carbon pen or ribbon, and ensure the accurate shape; Then draw a large color block and color it accurately; Finally, the details of carving can be trimmed with charcoal pen to make the picture more uniform and perfect, and try to avoid repeated coloring. Repeated coloring is easy to bring down the color block of the painting.
2, gouache effect, painting effect.
Both of these techniques require the painter to have a certain painting foundation. Painting usually starts from light color, combined with hand rubbing to produce transitional color, which needs to be improved in continuous practice.
3. Several special technologies
Dip in powder method: press the colored chalk into powder, apply glue or paste on the blackboard, then sprinkle the colored powder on the board as required and dip it into a pattern.
Spray method: mix the chalk into a thin paste or use advertising color, and spray the color paste on the blackboard with a toothbrush or spray tube. When using this method, you should make a shielding sheet to cover the places that don't need to be colored, and then take it off after spraying the color to form a pattern.
In addition, there are some methods used in murals, such as dusting and pasting, which can be used in blackboard newspapers, so I won't introduce them in detail here. The use of color 1, the role of color.
The purpose of using color is to attract readers' attention, arouse readers' emotions, give people a good first impression and leave a deep impression on their memories.
2, the law of color use
First of all, according to the content of the blackboard newspaper, determine the overall tendency of color effect, which is full of vitality, solemn and quiet, warm and cheerful, subtle and deep, magnificent or simple and elegant. If the Spring Festival is celebrated, the colors should tend to be warm and cheerful, reflecting the life of soldiers should tend to be full of vitality and depicting a healthy and upward atmosphere.
Secondly, we should pay attention to the overall effect of color, and only harmony and contrast can produce a good overall color effect, so that the power of feeling beauty can be unified, coordinated and compared. This is the principle of correctly handling the dialectical relationship of color opposition and unity.
Thirdly, the sense of weight, intensity and shade of color determines the size and position of color area, so as to achieve mutual balance. Generally, when warm colors and colors with high chroma are compared with cool colors or turbid colors, the smaller the area, the easier it is to get a balance. This is a strong complementary color contrast, which can reduce the area of a color, change the chroma or lightness, and make the picture tend to be balanced.
3. Pay attention to color
From the perspective of color tendency, bright colors and chroma are higher, while warm colors have higher eye-catching value and have obvious visual impact on readers. The color attention values of dark color, low chroma and cool color system are low, and the visual impact effect on readers is also weak. In addition, the attention value depends on the brightness of background and graphic color. Eye-catching color scheme
┌────┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬──┐
│ Sequence │1│ 2 │ 3 │ 4 │ 5 │ 6 │ 7 │ 8 │ 9 │10 │.
├────┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼──┤
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Primary colors, black, yellow, black, purple, purple, blue, green, white, yellow, yellow.
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Graphic colors, yellow, black, white, yellow, white, white, black, green and blue.
└────┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴──┘
Low key color matching
┌────┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬──┐
│ Sequence │1│ 2 │ 3 │ 4 │ 5 │ 6 │ 7 │ 8 │ 9 │10 │.
├────┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼──┤
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Primary colors, yellow, white, red, red, black, purple, gray, red and black.
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Graphic colors, white, yellow, green, green, blue, purple, black, green, purple and blue.
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴ ┴. Why?
A blank sheet of paper can draw the latest and most beautiful picture. Similarly, a blackboard can draw the latest and most beautiful pictures. If the blackboard is not black and becomes a gray board, then the white characters or other colors written on it cannot be fully displayed. As long as we have a good color contrast effect on the blackboard, the darker the blackboard, the brighter the painted color.
2. How to erase the blackboard?
Wipe it with a dry cloth or blackboard first, and then wipe it with a wet cloth, so that it is clean. If you wipe the chalk directly with a wet cloth, it won't be easy to wipe it off. The blackboard looks clean when it is wet, but it turns white when it is dry.
3. How to make the blackboard smooth?
To make the blackboard smooth, it is necessary to use a flat three-splint or five-splint. Use sandpaper to polish the dark board before leveling it with putty (old powder). After it is dried, it is polished with sandpaper, and finally the blackboard paint is evenly painted to make the blackboard smooth and flat.
4. How to keep the blackboard clean?
(1) Before the blackboard newspaper is published, make a layout sample in advance, and be aware of it.
(2) The copied articles should be modified in advance, and cannot be modified while copying.
(3) The blackboard wiped with water must be thoroughly dried before painting and copying.
Besides drawing dark words on the blackboard with a pencil, is there any other way to make the words copy neatly and beautifully?
Slip method: the so-called slip method means to tie one or two slender rubber bands on the blackboard before writing, and move down line by line when writing, and adjust the distance by yourself. If the rubber band is inconvenient to touch the blackboard, you can put some paper on both ends. This method is simple and easy.
Handwriting: The so-called freehand writing means that you can copy the blackboard directly with chalk without blanking, which can avoid polluting the layout. When using this method, remember two sentences: "copy horizontally, copy vertically." In addition, we must practice and exercise repeatedly to cultivate self-control ability.
6. What is the reason why chalk slips when writing or drawing on the blackboard? What should I do?
When writing and drawing on the blackboard with chalk, it sometimes slips and can't be written. The reason for this is the following：
First of all, there are oil stains on the blackboard. Second, the hardness of chalk is abnormal (excellent), or there are sharp and hard impurities in the middle. Third, the blackboard paint is improper, and no special paint for the blackboard is used. Fourth, the blackboard is used for a long time, the paint surface is smooth and reflective, and the friction and adhesion are weakened.
The methods to solve the problem of chalk slipping on the blackboard are as follows: first, you can clean the blackboard with detergent or soap solution to remove oil stains (never clean it with caustic soda, because caustic soda will wash off the black paint on the blackboard and expose the wood). Second, choose chalk with qualified quality and moderate hardness. The third is to buy special blackboard paint to draw the blackboard. Fourth, if the blackboard is old, it should be refurbished and repainted. However, sometimes because of the tight time for publicity and reporting, it is impossible to have enough time to renovate the blackboard newspaper, and temporary emergency measures must be taken. Here are three simple ways:
Brush the diluted ink on the blackboard first. When the ink is dry, the friction of the blackboard can be increased. It is much better to write and draw on it with chalk.
The second is to soak the chalk in clear water, and write or draw on the blackboard with wet chalk after the chalk absorbs a proper amount of water. When the chalk handwriting is dry, it will look thicker and stronger on the blackboard.
Third, use a wringing wet rag to wipe back and forth where you need to write on the blackboard. When the water is dry, write or draw on it with dry chalk, and the chalk will be easy to get on the board. If the moisture on the blackboard dries too fast, you can wipe, write or draw a paragraph on the blackboard with a wet rag.
7. Why is it that sometimes chalk is written in an inconspicuous gray color on the blackboard?
The chalk written on the blackboard is gray and inconspicuous. One is that the chalk is too dry, and the other is that the writing is not strong enough. When the chalk is dry, we can wrap it with a wet cloth, but we should pay attention to the humidity of the cloth. If chalk is good, then we should adjust the strength of our hands when writing.
8. What should I do if I accidentally write or draw something wrong on the blackboard?
If you accidentally make a mistake in writing or drawing on the blackboard, you can wipe off the wrong place with a brush dipped in some ink and wait until it is dry before writing or drawing. In addition, the carbon ribbon can also be modified, but it should be noted that this method can only be used in the case of a small area of wrong writing or drawing.
9. How to write hollow characters on the blackboard?
First, you can write with a rag dipped in water, and after a little drying, use chalk to hook the outline of the font.
The second is to be familiar with the structure of various fonts and write hollow characters directly according to the rule of stroke order.
10. How to write color-changing words on the blackboard?
You can use a ruler to draw a straight line on the pre-written hollow title, separate each word or line, and then paint it with strong or harmonious colors.
1 1. How to make graphic calligraphy have a three-dimensional sense without adding secondary lines?
Write hollow calligraphy first, paint the assumed light-receiving part of calligraphy with the required colored chalk, and then gently rub the painted color to the assumed dark part with your fingers, which will produce a three-dimensional effect.
12. How to write a long title in a small scope?
First, when writing vertical titles, you can use calligraphy with horizontal width and vertical width (titles are written horizontally, and vice versa).
Second, it can be written with artistic figures staggered up and down.
The third is word overlap, and the overlap ratio is 1/4 or 1/5, otherwise the title will be blurred because of too much overlap.
Fourth, the font is reduced, and the surrounding is decorated with color blocks or geometric figures.
13. How to express the art of calligraphy on the blackboard?
Fill in the area to be written with white chalk in advance, spread it evenly by hand to form a white paper effect, and then write directly with a brush or charcoal stick dipped in ink, so as to show the charm of calligraphy.
14. How to show seal cutting on the blackboard?
The first is the expression method of seal cutting in white. According to the seal cutting area, fill it with red chalk, and then write seal characters or other fonts with sharpened white chalk. The second is the expression method of seal cutting Zhu Wen. Draw a border with yellow chalk or other red chalk, fill it with white chalk in the middle, and then write with sharpened red chalk or other red writing materials.
15. How to make calligraphy have a flocking effect?
Write exquisite calligraphy on the blackboard with a medium-sized shading pen dipped in glue, then pour the painting powder of the required color on the hard paper, lay it flat next to the blackboard, and blow the powder with your mouth, which produces a "flocking" effect.
16. How to draw the wireframe and artistic strokes of the blackboard straight and crisp?
Put the blackboard flat first, then draw lines or write calligraphy with a ruler. When finished, press the edge of a frame or calligraphy with a ruler, and trim it with carbon strips along the ruler to remove the redundant parts.
The second way is to draw artistic words or line drawings on waste paper in advance, then hollow them out with a knife, stick them on the blackboard, cover the exposed part with chalk, and then take off the paper, so that the lines and artistic words will be very crisp.
17. How to draw a sculpture effect on the blackboard?
Draw the outline of the selected pattern first, and then show it with chalk according to the brightness of the statue. When drawing a dark color, you should first draw the part with strong light, then gently apply the color to the dark part by hand to produce an intermediate color, and finally draw a reflective outline of the dark part, leaving the background color of the blackboard as the dark part, thus producing a statue effect.
18. How to use the stacking method on the blackboard?
This painting method focuses on the theme of a painting. When painting, choose chalk that has just been soaked in water, and the soaking amount should be moderate. Then, press while rotating, and smear the chalk on the blackboard in a layered way. Picturesque density and thickness need to be full, so you can mix some paste in the soaked chalk to make the whole picture feel concave and convex. Finally, the outline of the object image is outlined.
19. How to use the blank black line method?
Draw outline lines with chalk, and then fill in the blanks with colored chalk. When painting, leave a black background color (such as eyes, nose, mouth and other lines on people's faces). If a small part of the line is inaccurate, you can dip it in ink with a brush or renovate it with carbon strips. If this painting method is used properly, it can produce a woodcut effect of color matching.
2 1, how to use carbon black material?
The carbon black materials used on the blackboard are: carbon pens, carbon strips, carbon powder, etc. In blackboard writing and painting, they can not be used as the main beautification materials, but only as auxiliary materials. They can be applied to the following aspects:
One is to modify and delete unnecessary and redundant error parts.
The second step is to sketch the outline and the part of the pattern that must be drawn with black lines.
The third is the treatment of black narrow parts and thin lines.
Fourth, the shading treatment and tone contrast effect treatment of the painted object.
Fifth, color matching-mix color matching with fine carbon powder and picture powder of various colors to deepen the color tone.
The proper use of carbon black plays a decisive role in the quality and effect of the picture. Therefore, if it is used properly, it can play the role of "finishing touch".