Chapter 1 General Nursing of Digestive System (1)

1. What organs does the digestive system consist of?

2. How is the upper and lower digestive tract distinguished?

3. What is the relationship between the structure of esophagus and diseases?

4. What is the relationship between the function of esophagus and diseases?

5. What is the relationship between the structure of stomach and diseases?

6. What is the relationship between the function of stomach and diseases?

7. What are the functions of gastric acid?

8. What is the relationship between the structure of small intestine and diseases?

9. What is the relationship between the function of small intestine and diseases?

10. What is the function of the large intestine?

1 1. What is the relationship between the function of large intestine and diseases?

What is the structure of the liver?

13. What is the relationship between liver function and diseases?

14. What is the relationship between gallbladder structure and diseases?

15. What are the functions of the gallbladder?

What is the structure of the pancreas?

17. What is the relationship between the function of pancreas and diseases?

18. What are the common symptoms and signs of patients with digestive system diseases?

19. What are the characteristics of nausea and vomiting in digestive system diseases?

20. What are the characteristics of abdominal pain in digestive system diseases?

2 1. What are the characteristics of diarrhea in digestive system diseases?

22. What are the characteristics of dysphagia in digestive system diseases?

23. What are the characteristics of belching of digestive system diseases?

24. What are the characteristics of acid reflux of digestive system diseases?

25. What are the characteristics of fear of eating or loss of appetite in digestive system diseases?

26. What are the characteristics of abdominal distension caused by digestive system diseases?

The second chapter esophageal diseases (6)

The first section esophagitis (6)

27. How to classify esophagitis?

28. What kind of esophagitis is the most common?

29. What are the clinical manifestations of esophagitis?

30. What are the extraesophageal symptoms of esophagitis?

3 1. What are the early characteristic manifestations of esophagitis?

32. What are the later characteristic manifestations of esophagitis?

33. What are the complications of esophagitis?

34. What are the X-ray manifestations of esophagitis?

35. What are the endoscopic manifestations of esophagitis?

36. What if I suspect reflux esophagitis?

37. What kind of living and eating habits should patients with esophagitis be developed?

38. When does esophagitis need medication?

39. When does esophagitis need surgery?

40. How to treat esophagitis through endoscopy?

Esophageal cancer in the second quarter (7)

4 1. What is esophageal cancer?

42. What are the possible causes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?

43. What are the characteristics of esophageal cancer?

44. What are the common symptoms of esophageal cancer?

45. What are the other symptoms of esophageal cancer?

46. What are the auxiliary examinations for esophageal cancer?

47. What are the manifestations of barium meal X-ray examination of esophageal cancer?

48. What are the treatments for esophageal cancer?

The third section achalasia (8)

49. What is achalasia?

50. What are the clinical manifestations of achalasia?

5 1. What are the characteristics of dysphagia in patients with achalasia?

52. What are the characteristics of achalasia patients' pain?

53. What are the auxiliary examinations for achalasia of cardia?

54. What are the manifestations of barium meal X-ray examination of achalasia of cardia?

55. How to treat achalasia?

The third chapter gastritis (9)

The first quarter acute gastritis (9)

56. What is gastritis?

57. What is acute gastritis?

58. What is Helicobacter pylori?

59. How to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection?

60. How to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection by gastroscope?

6 1. How to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection by breath test?

62. How to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection by serum antibody examination?

63. What are the causes of acute gastritis?

64. What is the main cause of acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis?

65. What is the main mechanism of drug-induced acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis?

66. What are the main factors of acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis caused by acute stress?

67. What is the mechanism of acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis caused by acute stress?

68. What is the mechanism of acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis caused by ethanol?

69. What are the clinical manifestations of acute gastritis?

70. What tests do acute gastritis need to do?

7 1. What other tests are there for acute gastritis?

72. How to diagnose acute gastritis?

73. What are the main treatment measures for patients with acute gastritis?

74. What are the dietary principles of patients with acute gastritis?

75. What is the principle of medication for patients with acute gastritis?

Chronic gastritis 1 1. What is chronic gastritis?

77. What are the causes of chronic gastritis?

78. What is the main cause of chronic gastritis?

79. How to classify chronic gastritis according to the lesion site?

80. How is chronic gastritis classified according to the lesion and degree?

8 1. What is chronic superficial gastritis?

82. How to classify chronic superficial gastritis according to the degree of lesion?

83. What is chronic atrophic gastritis?

84. How to classify chronic atrophic gastritis?

85. How can chronic atrophic gastritis be classified according to the degree of lesion?

86. What is a special type of gastritis?

87. What is the mechanism of chronic superficial gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori?

88. What is the mechanism of chronic superficial gastritis caused by autoimmunity?

89. What is the mechanism of chronic superficial gastritis caused by physical and chemical factors?

90. What is the mechanism of chronic superficial gastritis caused by diet and environmental factors?

9 1. What are the pathological manifestations of chronic superficial gastritis?

92. What are the pathological manifestations of chronic atrophic gastritis?

93. What are the manifestations of precancerous lesions of chronic gastritis developing into gastric cancer?

94. What are the characteristics of different types of gastritis in the stomach?

95. What are the clinical manifestations of chronic gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis?

96. What are the specific manifestations of dyspepsia in patients with chronic gastritis?

97. What are the specific manifestations of epigastric pain in patients with chronic gastritis?

98. What are the auxiliary examinations for chronic gastritis?

99. What is the most reliable method in chronic gastritis examination?

100. What are the manifestations of chronic superficial gastritis under endoscope?

10 1. What are the endoscopic manifestations of chronic atrophic gastritis?

102. What are the histological manifestations of gastric mucosa biopsy in chronic gastritis?

103. What is the X-ray barium meal examination method for chronic gastritis?

104. What are the inspection methods for Helicobacter pylori?

105. What are the invasive test methods for Helicobacter pylori?

106. What are the noninvasive detection methods for Helicobacter pylori?

107. What are the serological manifestations of chronic gastritis?

108. What are the characteristics of gastric juice analysis?

109. How to diagnose chronic gastritis?

What is the treatment principle of chronic gastritis?

1 1 1. How to treat gastritis A?

1 12. How to treat gastritis B?

1 13. Which patients suggest eradicating Helicobacter pylori?

1 14. What is the main method to treat Helicobacter pylori?

1 15. what is the specific method of treating helicobacter pylori with bismuth and two antibiotics?

1 16. What are the specific methods of treating Helicobacter pylori with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and two antibiotics?

1 17. What should I pay attention to when treating Helicobacter pylori with colloidal bismuth?

1 18. What should I pay attention to when using antibacterial drugs to treat Helicobacter pylori?

1 19. What are the dietary principles of patients with chronic gastritis?

120. What are the principles of a reasonable diet for patients with chronic gastritis?

12 1. What is the principle of keeping warm and clean for patients with chronic gastritis?

122. What are the principles for patients with chronic gastritis to eat fresh and light?

123. What are the principles of moderate diet for patients with chronic gastritis?

Chapter IV Peptic Ulcer (17)

What is peptic ulcer?

125. What are the common parts of peptic ulcer?

126. What are the common peptic ulcers?

127. What are the epidemiological characteristics of peptic ulcer?

128. What are the main factors of peptic ulcer?

129. what is the mechanism of peptic ulcer caused by helicobacter pylori infection?

130. What is the mechanism of increased gastric acid and pepsin secretion leading to peptic ulcer?

13 1. What is the mechanism of peptic ulcer caused by gastric motility disorder and duodenal contents reflux?

132. what is the mechanism of peptic ulcer caused by mental and genetic factors?

133. What is the mechanism of drug-induced peptic ulcer?

134. What other factors can cause peptic ulcer?

135. What are the pathological manifestations of peptic ulcer?

136. What are the pathological stages of peptic ulcer?

137. What are the main clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer?

138. What are the characteristics of peptic ulcer pain?

139. What are the characteristics of gastric ulcer pain?

140. What are the characteristics of duodenal ulcer pain?

14 1. What's the difference between gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer?

142. What are the similarities between gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer?

143. What are the characteristics of pyloric ulcer pain?

144. What are the auxiliary examinations for peptic ulcer?

145. What is the test method for gastric juice secretion function of peptic ulcer?

146. what is the detection method of helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer?

147. what is the x-ray gastrointestinal barium meal examination of peptic ulcer?

148. What is the preferred examination method for peptic ulcer?

149. How to distinguish benign from malignant gastric ulcer?

150. What are the main complications of peptic ulcer?

15 1. What are the manifestations of peptic ulcer complicated with bleeding?

152. What are the manifestations of peptic ulcer complicated with acute perforation?

153. What are the manifestations of peptic ulcer complicated with chronic perforation?

154. What are the common sites of peptic ulcer complicated with pyloric obstruction and how to classify them?

155. What are the manifestations of functional intestinal obstruction?

156. What are the manifestations of organic intestinal obstruction?

157. What are the characteristics of peptic ulcer complicated with pyloric obstruction?

158. What are the manifestations of peptic ulcer canceration?

159. What are the diagnostic points of peptic ulcer?

160. What are the treatment principles of peptic ulcer?

16 1. What are the treatment methods for peptic ulcer?

162. What is the general treatment for peptic ulcer?

163. What is the treatment for peptic ulcer to eradicate Helicobacter pylori?

164. what is the drug treatment for peptic ulcer to reduce gastric acid?

165. What are the antacids for peptic ulcer?

166. What medicine is used to treat peptic ulcer and inhibit gastric acid secretion?

What is the mechanism of 167.Hz receptor antagonist inhibiting gastric acid secretion, and what are the commonly used drugs?

168. what is the mechanism of proton pump inhibitors inhibiting gastric acid secretion, and what are the commonly used drugs?

169. What drugs are commonly used to protect gastric mucosa?

170. What are the indications for surgical treatment of peptic ulcer?

17 1. What should patients with peptic ulcer pay attention to when taking medicine?

172. What are the dietary principles of patients with peptic ulcer?

173. How do patients with peptic ulcer choose food?

174. What should patients with peptic ulcer pay attention to in their daily life?

175. What are the hazards of long-term smoking in patients with peptic ulcer?

The fifth chapter upper gastrointestinal bleeding (25)

176. What is upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

177. What are the main manifestations of upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

178. What are the causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

179. What esophageal diseases and injuries can lead to upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

180. What diseases of stomach and duodenum can lead to upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

18 1. Which jejunal diseases can lead to upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

182. What are the causes of portal vein obstruction?

183. What factors can lead to biliary bleeding?

184. What pancreatic diseases can lead to upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

185. What blood diseases can lead to upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

186. What vascular diseases can lead to upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

187. What connective tissue diseases can lead to upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

188. What can cause stress ulcer?

189. What acute infectious diseases can cause upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

190. What are the clinical manifestations of upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

What are the specific manifestations of hematemesis and melena?

192. What are the clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic shock caused by massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

193. Why do patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding have fever?

194. What are the clinical manifestations of azotemia caused by upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

195. What are the clinical manifestations of acute hemorrhagic anemia caused by massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

196. What are the characteristics of upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

197. Why is the black stool with upper gastrointestinal bleeding called cypress oil stool?

198. Why shouldn't patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding go to the toilet alone?

What is intestinal azotemia?

200. How to judge the bleeding amount of upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

20 1. What factors determine the severity of the consequences caused by bleeding?

202. Why are patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding often accompanied by low fever?

203. What signs suggest that patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding have active bleeding or rebleeding?

204. What are the principles of treatment for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

205. What is the routine treatment for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

206. How to rescue patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding shock?

207. How do patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding use hemostatic drugs?

208. How to treat patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

209. What kind of upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients need surgery?

2 10. What is the treatment for upper gastrointestinal bleeding without varicose veins?

2 1 1. What medicine is used to treat upper gastrointestinal bleeding without varicose veins?

2 12. How to treat upper gastrointestinal bleeding without varicose veins by endoscopy?

2 13. what is interventional therapy for varicose upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

2 14. What are the hemostasis measures for esophageal and gastric varices bleeding?

2 15. what medicine can be used to treat varicose bleeding of upper digestive tract?

2 16. how to use three (four) lumen balloon catheter to treat varicose bleeding of upper digestive tract?

2 17. How to treat upper gastrointestinal varicose bleeding under endoscope?

2 18. What is the surgical treatment for varicose upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

2 19. What are the preparations before intubation of three (four) lumen balloon catheter?

220. What are the main points of three (four) lumen balloon catheter intubation process?

22 1. Why should scissors be hung on the traction frame during the indwelling process of the three (four) cavity airbag tube?

222. What are the steps for extubation of three (four) lumen balloon catheter?

223. Should patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding fast?

224. What are the observation points of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

225. What are the nursing points of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

226. What should be monitored to prevent complications of upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

227. What are the dietary instructions for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

Chapter VI Gastric Cancer (3)

228. What are the classifications of gastric tumors?

229. What is gastric cancer?

230. What are the epidemiological characteristics of gastric cancer?

23 1. What is the prognosis of gastric cancer?

232. What are the diagnostic points of malignant transformation of benign ulcer?

233. Which gastric polyps are easy to become cancerous?

234. What are the sites of gastric cancer?

235. What is the pathogenesis of gastric cancer?

236. How to classify gastric cancer according to its specific morphology?

237. How to classify advanced gastric cancer?

238. How to stage the advanced gastric cancer?

239. What is early gastric cancer?

240. How to classify early gastric cancer?

24 1. How to classify early gastric cancer according to macroscopic morphology?

242. What are the manifestations of type ⅰ early gastric cancer under gastroscope?

243. What are the manifestations of type Ⅱ early gastric cancer under gastroscope?

244. What are the manifestations of type Ⅲ early gastric cancer under gastroscope?

245. What is the red sign?

246. How to classify advanced gastric cancer?

247. How to stage the advanced gastric cancer?

248. How to classify gastric cancer according to its tissue structure?

249. What are the causes of gastric cancer?

250. What dietary and environmental factors can easily lead to gastric cancer?

25 1. What is the mechanism of gastric cancer caused by Helicobacter pylori infection?

252. What may cause precancerous lesions of gastric cancer?

253. How does gastric cancer infiltrate and metastasize?

254. What are the clinical symptoms of early gastric cancer?

255. What are the clinical symptoms of advanced gastric cancer?

256. What are the clinical signs of gastric cancer?

257. What characteristics contribute to the early detection of gastric cancer?

258. What are the complications of gastric cancer?

259. What are the diagnostic methods of gastric cancer?

260. What are the laboratory tests for gastric cancer?

26 1. What is the X-ray barium meal examination of early gastric cancer?

262. What is the X-ray barium meal examination for advanced gastric cancer?

263. What is the principle of endoscopic biopsy?

264. How to choose the biopsy site under endoscope?

265. What tests can diagnose gastric cancer?

266. Which high-risk groups should undergo early or regular gastroscopy?

267. What is the treatment principle of gastric cancer?

268. What are the treatments for gastric cancer?

269. What is the surgical treatment of gastric cancer?

270. What are the chemotherapy methods for gastric cancer?

27 1. What drugs are commonly used in chemotherapy for gastric cancer?

272. What are the observation points of patients with gastric cancer during chemotherapy?

273. What is the immune enhancement therapy for gastric cancer?

274. What is the supportive treatment for gastric cancer?

275. What are the endoscopic treatment methods for early gastric cancer?

276. What is the standard of no cancer cells at the edge of the specimen under endoscope?

277. What are the reasons for incomplete or residual resection of gastric cancer?

278. What are the common nursing diagnoses of gastric cancer?

279. How to observe the pain of patients with gastric cancer?

280. How to carry out the nursing of drug analgesia for gastric cancer?

28 1. What is patient-controlled analgesia?

282. How to give mental support to patients with gastric cancer pain?

283. What are the routine nursing measures for patients with gastric cancer?

284. What are the psychological nursing measures for patients with gastric cancer?

285. What are the nutritional nursing measures for patients with gastric cancer?

286. What health care guidance can be given to patients with gastric cancer?

287. How to prevent gastric cancer?

288. What effect does diet have on the incidence of gastric cancer?

Chapter VII Liver Cirrhosis (4)

The first quarter cirrhosis (4)

289. What is cirrhosis?

290. What are the causes of cirrhosis?

29 1. What types can cirrhosis be divided into according to its etiology?

292. According to pathological morphology, liver cirrhosis can be divided into what types?

293. What are the hepatitis viruses that cause cirrhosis?

294. Why does alcoholism easily lead to cirrhosis?

295. Why can cholestasis lead to cirrhosis?

296. Why is congestion easy to cause cirrhosis?

297. What drugs or chemical toxic factors can lead to liver cirrhosis?

298. What metabolic disorders can lead to cirrhosis?

299. What parasitic infections can lead to cirrhosis?

300. What is the most common cause of liver cirrhosis?

30 1. Will all hepatitis viruses develop into cirrhosis?

302. How is cirrhosis formed?

303. The course of cirrhosis can be divided into two stages?

304. What are the clinical manifestations of liver cirrhosis in compensatory period?

305. What are the clinical manifestations of decompensated cirrhosis?

306. What are the early symptoms of patients with liver cirrhosis?

307. What are the abdominal symptoms of patients with liver cirrhosis?

308. What are the signs of patients with liver cirrhosis?

309. What other systemic manifestations can cirrhosis have?

3 10. What are the three manifestations of portal hypertension?

3 1 1. What are the causes of bleeding tendency in patients with liver cirrhosis?

3 12. What are the bleeding tendencies of patients with liver cirrhosis?

3 13. What are the causes of liver palmar nevus and spider nevus in patients with liver cirrhosis?

3 14. Where are spider nevus mainly distributed?

3 15. What are the collateral circulation formed by portal hypertension?

3 16. What is the cause of ascites?

3 17. Why does the increase of portal vein pressure cause ascites?

3 18. Why does hypoproteinemia cause ascites?

3 19. Why does excessive production of hepatic lymph cause ascites?

320. Why do you want to diagnose the cause of liver cirrhosis?

32 1. What are the common complications of liver cirrhosis?

……

Chapter VIII Primary Liver Cancer

Chapter IX Hepatic Encephalopathy

Chapter 10 Acute Pancreatitis

Chapter ii XI intestinal tuberculosis and tuberculous peritonitis

Chapter XII Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease

Chapter 13 Irritable bowel syndrome

Chapter 14 Intestinal obstruction

Chapter 15 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Various Examinations

Chapter 16 Minimally invasive treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases

The second operation skills

Chapter 17 Basic Nursing Operation

Chapter 18 Specialized Nursing Operation

The third nursing paradigm

Chapter 19 Case demonstration

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