On June 1 958 65438+1October1,the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States officially began to operate, as the main institution of American civil aviation and aerospace research and development. In a short period of 1 1 year, NASA sent the first man to the moon in 1969. 1970s, the focus shifted to the development of the space station. Sky Lab launched in May 1973, unattended. In the next seven months, three manned missions subsequently repaired the space station and conducted experiments. The first international space station partnership was 1975 Apollo-Soyuz experimental project, which brought together American and Soviet astronauts.
1981April, with the manned launch of Columbia, the space shuttle program was fully realized. During the five space shuttles' mission 135, two catastrophic accidents occurred-Challenger and Columbia. Discovery put the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit. The 30-year space shuttle program is of great significance for laying the foundation for future ground-to-orbit transportation and continuous space stay.
Space shuttle technology has contributed to the construction of the International Space Station, which is the largest building sent into space by human beings. Since 2000, 230 people from 18 countries have lived there, conducted experiments and recorded life in space.
Achievements like this constitute the essence of NASA's image and video library, showing the agency's best work in aviation, astrophysics, earth science, manned space flight and other fields.
Please read on and see 30 amazing pictures.
1On July 20th, 969, Apollo 1 1 astronauts neil armstrong and Edwin Aldrin landed on the moon, making history, while pilot Michael collins stayed in the lunar orbit. When they went home on July 2 1, the crew took this photo of the full moon. It is the only natural satellite on earth, with an average distance of 238,900 miles.
An astronaut of the International Space Station took a picture of the earth 250 miles above Australia. Gas glow-orange hue-contains diffuse light bands produced by atomic collisions in the atmosphere near the interface between the earth and space. Studying the air glow helps scientists to understand the relationship between the earth's weather and space weather.
2065438+September 2007, several major hurricanes were brewing in the Atlantic Ocean. By combining multiple images taken by the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite in one day, NASA can vividly observe this weather pattern. This view is helpful for communities to make decisions on disaster preparedness, disaster relief and post-disaster recovery.
In 2006, NASA astronaut Robert L. Curbeam Jr and European Space Agency astronaut Christer Fuglesang continued to build on the International Space Station (ISS). Below them are New Zealand and Cook Strait in the Pacific Ocean. The International Space Station must be regularly maintained and repaired so that its residents can complete their missions and experiments at least before 2024.
20 10 In February, when the space shuttle Endeavour approached docking, a staff member of the International Space Station took photos. This is Endeavour's 10 mission to the International Space Station. Its task is to provide tranquility (parking, life support and exercise module) and cupola (robot technology workstation).
The Solar Dynamics Observatory of NASA recorded a dramatic solar event on March 2, 20 12. The explosion appeared on the right side of the sun in the photo and was called "Prominences Explosion". The protruding part consists of plasma-substances in ultra-high energy state are even more volatile than gases-which can circulate into space for thousands of miles.
Laycock volcano is located on the remote Kuril Islands in the Pacific Ocean. 2065438+On June 22nd, 2009, a staff member of the International Space Station photographed the volcanic plume that erupted in Laycock for the first time in a hundred years. NASA satellites track plumes that may affect aviation and climate.
As part of the work on August 5, 20 15 1065, Curiosity Mars provided a selfie. This photo is a composite of several photos taken by a hand-held lens imager. The photo shows Curiosity on a rock called deerskin on Sharp Mountain. The task of drilling into deerskin and collecting samples for analysis found silicon dioxide, which may indicate that liquid water once existed on Mars.
2018165438+10, the unmanned cygnus cargo ship-SS John Young-was photographed connecting itself to the International Space Station and transporting 7,400 pounds of materials. The spacecraft was named after john young, the longest-serving astronaut of NASA. He is an indispensable part of the moon landing program and the space shuttle program.
As part of the first extravehicular activity of its mission, in April 1972, John W. Young, commander of Apollo 16, jumped off the surface of the moon while paying tribute to the American flag. Apollo 16 stayed on the surface of the moon for more than 20 hours, traveled 16.6 miles by lunar rover, and brought back 2 10 pounds of samples.
In this February photo of 20 12, the stars, the moon and the Northern Lights illuminate the snow scene in Quebec. Images taken from the International Space Station also show gas glow along the horizon. The Manko Root crater in the lower right corner was formed by an asteroid impact about 265,438+04 million years ago.
NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope was launched in 2003, flying 353 miles above the Earth. In 2007, it took an infrared image of the spiral nebula (sometimes called "the eye of God"). This nebula lies 650 light-years away in Aquarius.
20 19, 19 10. In October, NASA took a photo of the Brent ice shelf in Antarctica, because it is close to a substantial fault, which will release an iceberg twice the size of new york City. The crack in the upper right corner of the image is called "Halloween crack" because it first appeared at 20 16 10.
Cassini has been flying in space for 20 years, carrying out the mission of exploring Saturn, its rings and moons. In 20 16, it took many photos with a wide-angle camera and combined them to create a complete description of the earth. Cassini crashed into Saturn's atmosphere and completed its work, providing images and scientific achievements.
20 18 A photo of Madagascar Center shows the great landscape changes in this area, which was taken by NASA astronaut Ricky Arnold from the International Space Station. Due to the demand for its unique resources, the fourth largest island in the world is experiencing the destruction of tropical rain forests.
With the landing of Atlantis at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, the 30-year space shuttle program ended. There are 5 space shuttles and 355 space shuttles planned, and 135 missions have been completed. Today, Atlantis is on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Center.
The International Space Station captured the eye of a category 4 hurricane in September 20 18. The hurricane crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached Carolina with a wind speed of 130 miles per hour. Florence landed on September 14, bringing a record storm surge and rainfall.
During their separation in July 20 1 19, the space shuttle Atlantis took this photo of the International Space Station. Russian astronauts Andrei Borisenko, sergey volkoff and Alexander Samoku Gaeff, Japanese astronaut Satoshi Furukawa, NASA astronauts Mike Forsum and Ron Garland all boarded the International Space Station. The astronauts of the space shuttle are chris ferguson, Doug Hurley, Sandy Magnus and Rex Volhejm.
This image of the Chukchi Sea was taken by the observation satellite Landsat-8 in June, 20 18, illuminating the colorful phytoplankton flowers. These patterns were formed when cold water rich in nutrients from the Bering Sea met the warm and salty coastal waters of Alaska. Even through the deep Arctic ice sheet, flowers can be seen.
In February, 2065438+2009, when passing Jupiter at close range, the Juno spacecraft of NASA captured this giant gas planet and its great red spot, which is the location of a large-scale storm on Jupiter's surface. This view was created by Kevin M. Gill, a citizen scientist, by compiling multiple images and data from JunoCam. Juno was launched on 20 1 1 and reached Jupiter on 20 16. Its only task is to explore, study and map the earth.
In Navajo Tribal Park at the junction of Arizona and Utah, Monument Valley is one of the most famous areas in the western United States. Red rock formations and sandstone towers rise hundreds of feet above the sand. The operational land imager on Landsat-8 captured the height difference of the valley in October1165438+10.
Flying 200 miles above the earth gives the crew of the International Space Station a chance to record the changes and events on their home planet from the unique perspective of the space station. In August 20 14, the International Space Station flew over the green aurora. Aurora can be observed when charged electrons from the solar wind interact with the earth's atmosphere.
The Pillar of Creation is a part of the Eagle Nebula, about 5,700 light years away from the Earth. This composite image uses data from NASA Chandra X-ray Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope. The columnar region of the nebula is an active star-forming region.
The total solar eclipse on August 2, 20 17 provided a rare opportunity for NASA to collect data about the connection between the earth and the sun. Starting from the Oregon coast where this photo was taken, its long and uninterrupted path on land provided scientists with more time to study the corona.
In 1984, mission expert Bruce McCandless II made the historic first wireless spacewalk. He floated a few meters away from the space shuttle Challenger and stayed in MMU for four hours. In the long career of NASA, Mike Kendos spent more than 300 hours in space.
The color change of Pluto was photographed by NASA's New Horizon space probe on 20 15. The enhanced image shows the marble effect of different terrain of this dwarf planet. Pluto has mountains and plains, blue sky, white snow and red snow.
This picture was taken by Thomas Pesquet, astronaut of the European Space Agency, in 20 17, showing the Dnieper River, which was 1400 miles long when it snowed and froze in February. The river flows from Russia to the Black Sea. The International Space Station orbits the Earth 16 times a day, keeping a visual record of our ever-changing planet.
This computer simulation image shows a supermassive black hole weighing 65.438+0.7 billion suns, which was discovered by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and Hawaii's Gemini Telescope in a sparsely populated area of the universe. In the past, people thought that black holes were located in very large galaxies in densely populated clusters of galaxies. The black area in the middle is the event horizon, and no light can escape the strong gravity of the black hole.
2065438+In March 2009, astronaut Nick Hague took a selfie during the spacewalk to maintain the International Space Station. When recording his first spacewalk, The Hague was 250 miles away from the Earth. However, this is not the first time to take a selfie in space. Buzz Aldrin announced this achievement during his moonwalk in 1969.
NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) is a powerful rocket system designed to explore the solar system. The rocket plans to send Artemis 1 and the first female lunar probe to the moon in 2024.