A publication refers to a published product with a certain material form, which stores knowledge and information for the purpose of communication.
Elements of a publication
1, which consists of information and knowledge that readers need.
2. State information knowledge in some way, including words, images, symbols, audio, video, codes, etc. The so-called multimedia publication is actually a publication that uses the above-mentioned multiple forms of expression in one medium at the same time.
3. Take some material carrier as the basis of knowledge information.
4. Knowledge information is attached to the material carrier through a certain mode of production.
5. present it with a certain face. Audio-visual publications such as printed publications, records, audio tapes, video tapes and laser discs, microfilm, microfilm, and electronic publications such as magnetic disks and optical disks are common presentation forms of publications at present.
What types of publications are there?
General publication
According to the regulations of UNESCO, publications in a broad sense include periodical publications and irregular publications. Periodical publications are divided into newspapers and magazines (also called periodicals).
Periodical: newspapers and magazines; Newspapers are divided into daily newspapers and non-daily newspapers by time. Daily newspapers are published more than 4 times a week, and non-daily newspapers are published less than 4 times. Newspapers can be divided into general newspapers whose contents are widely read by the masses and professional newspapers whose contents are specially read by specific objects. Magazines generally include weekly, xunkan, bimonthly, monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, annual and so on. Yearbooks are generally called yearbooks. There are also some magazines that are published irregularly.
Irregular: mainly books (including books, teaching materials and pictures). Books have covers and are bound into volumes. This painting has no cover or binding. Accidental publications mainly refer to books, which are generally synonymous with books, but in statistical work, books are sometimes regarded as the general term of books, textbooks and pictures. Books are generally published irregularly, but some books are published continuously and have a predetermined approximate publication date, which is called series or series. Books are divided into two categories according to the number of pages: except the cover, books with more than 48 pages are called books; The text is only 48 pages, and those with less than 48 pages are called brochures. Because of its complexity, many countries have not adopted this distinction. At the same time, books and pamphlets cannot be understood as two incompatible concepts. In fact, the pamphlet is part of the book. No matter how many pages there are, all books have covers. A wall chart, a single map, and a single picture (such as a poster or a New Year picture) without a cover and a bound volume are not books.
Narrow publications
In a narrow sense, publications only include books and magazines, not newspapers, because newspapers belong to the field of news. As for the appropriateness of audio-visual books as publications, there are also different opinions. These problems will gradually become clear in practice.
Traditional publications
Traditional publications, including newspapers, magazines and books, are printed. Since the phonograph was invented at the end of19th century, the function and production method of records are similar to those of books, which are all about transforming spiritual products into material forms, making originals and copying them, so as to facilitate the spread in a certain range, so the production of records is also called publishing. Records have also become a publication.
New publication
All the above publications are printed. With the invention and application of phonograph, microfilm technology, recording technology, video recording technology and computer, new non-printing publications have appeared, namely records, microfilm, audio tapes, video tapes and CD-ROMs. , which is commonly referred to as micro-reproduction, audio-visual materials and electronic publications. Mainly divided into newspapers, periodicals, books, audio-visual products, electronic publications and Internet publications. After the invention of microfilm, audio recording and video recording technology in the middle and early 20th century, electronic computers became the media to spread all kinds of information. The production of microfilm (roll), audio tape, video tape and floppy disk that have been copied by different technical means and have certain communication functions is also called publishing. Such products are also regarded as publications, also collectively referred to as audio-visual books, or simply referred to as microfilm, audio-visual materials and electronic publications respectively. With the progress of modern technology, there will be many new developments in the material form and content of publications.
other
According to different publishers, it can be divided into government publications, government organization publications and general publications.
According to the distribution method, scope and object, it is divided into internal reading and public publication.
According to binding, books are also divided into hardcover books and paperback books.
According to the legal nature (according to the current People's Republic of China (PRC) Publishing Regulations), it is divided into official publications (ISBN and CIP data backup) and illegal publications.