Reference: zh. *** /w/index？ Title= Water Margin &; Variant =zh-
Image reference: upload.wikimedia/ * * */Mons/Thumb/7/7b/%E5% BF% A0% E4% B9% 89% E6% B0% B4% E6% B5% 92% E5% 85% A8% E4% B9% A6/1 80px-%E5% BF% A0% E4% B9% 89% E6% B0% B4% E6% B5% 92% E5% 85% A8% E4% B9% A6 Picture reference: zh. * */Skins-65438+。 Also known as "The Water Margin of Loyalty and Righteousness" and "The Biography of the Hawks in Jianghu", generally referred to as "The Water Margin", was written in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. The author has always been controversial, and it is generally believed that it was written by Shi Naian. Most of the robbers in the book were driven into outlaws by the government. Many of them were originally officials, but they were once classified as peasant uprising novels in Chinese mainland. Directory [hidden] 1 author's 20-year book-writing process 3 version 3. 1 simplified version 3.2 complex version 3.3 translation 4 influence and artistic value 5 evaluation 6 references 7 see 8 external links [Editor] The author has three views on the author of Water Margin: the whole book was written by Luo Guanzhong. Shi Naian and Luo Guanzhong wrote it. Shi Naian wrote the whole novel by himself. This view is the most familiar to everyone. The earliest statement was put forward before the Ming Dynasty. Some people who support this view think that Shi Naian is a fictional character and does not exist in reality. People who hold the second view also have two opinions: Some people think that the first seventy chapters of Water Margin were written by Shi Naian, and the last thirty chapters were written by Luo Guanzhong. The Book of Hundred Rivers, a Confucian scholar in Ming Dynasty, called Water Margin "The Book of Qiantang Shi Naian, edited by Luo Guanzhong". In other words, it was mainly written by Shi Naian and edited by Luo Guanzhong. This view is quite influential in academic circles. Another view is that Water Margin belongs to cumulative mass creation. Undoubtedly, Shi Naian referred to, used for reference and absorbed a lot of materials in the process of creation, including historical records, notes, some complete novels, opera works or some fragments of them, but Shi Naian's creation cannot be denied. [Editor] Picture reference of writing a book: upload.wikimedia/ * * */MONS/6/6f/Water Margin Picture reference: zh. * * */Skins-1.5/mon/images/Magnify-clip Legend of the Marsh Illustration: The Buck in the Prison Car (Early Qing Edition) The Legend of the Marsh currently includes "Green-faced Beast", "Flower Monk" and "Warrior" according to storytellers. In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, the story book The Legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty appeared, which described the stories of 36 people, including Chao Gai and Wu Jialiang (Wu Yong), and initially had the story outline of Water Margin. There are some water margin story scripts in Yuan Zaju in Yuan Dynasty. The Water Margin was written in the early Ming Dynasty on the basis of the records of 36 people, including Song Jiang, who was involved in the Song Uprising, in historical books, such as The Legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty and A Brief Account of the East Capital. The story describes the different stories of Liangshan 108 generals, from being caught up with Liangshan one by one, gradually expanding, rebelling, and finally accepting the whole process of enlisting. The legend of General Baidan in Water Margin is the reincarnation of 36 highest solar stars and 72 terrestrial stars. They pay attention to loyalty, love to fight injustice, rob the rich and help the poor, resent corrupt officials, and finally gather in Liangshan to fight against the corrupt court. The novel successfully created the images of Song Jiang, Lin Chong, Lu, Lu and so on, and showed the readers the political and social situation in the Song Dynasty. The Water Margin literally means the water's edge, which means the story takes place in Liangshan Park, Shandong Province. In addition, there is a saying in the Book of Songs, "Ancient Qi Huangong and his father came to fetch horses from the DPRK and led them to the water margin in the west, as for the gorge", which recorded the tribal migration led by Zhou. Some people think that the title of Water Margin is an analogy between Song Jiang's Juyi and the rise of the Zhou Dynasty, which proves that the original author affirmed the spirit of the uprising hero's resistance to rule. Song Jiang, the leader of the Shuihu Rebel Army, was originally a small official, but was later driven to Liangshan. Together with other Liangshan heroes, he rebelled against tyranny, "doing justice for heaven" and gradually developed and expanded. The story of Water Margin is bold and rough. In the book, the characters express their contradictory inner world through their words and deeds, and the characters have their own characteristics. The heroes who were caught up with Liangshan have different growth experiences. The plot is tortuous and the language is vivid, which has high artistic value. [Editor] Version The earliest version of Water Margin belongs to The Legend of Loyalty and Righteousness in Kyoto preserved by Shanghai Library, which is about 100 versions carved in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. There are many versions of Water Margin, and different versions of the story have appeared in the process of circulation. Generally speaking, it can be divided into simplified version and complex version. [Editor] The simplified version includes all the plots of being recruited, accepting Liao, accepting Wang Qing, beating Fang La and poisoning Song Jiang. It is called the simplified version because the text is relatively simple and there are few details. Shortened versions found are: 105, 100 and 124 [Edited], which are very detailed and widely circulated. There are three main types: 100, 120 and 70. However, the main rewrites and supplements are the plots after enlistment. One hundred copies: After Song Jiang was recruited, there were plots such as "taking Liao" and "taking Fang La". One hundred and twenty copies: At the end of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Yang added plots such as Wang Qing to one hundred copies and synthesized one hundred and twenty copies. Seventy volumes: Jin Shengtan's deletion and amendment in Qing Dynasty, halving of 100 volumes of Zhao 'an case and subsequent events, ending with the 71st volume of Lu Junyi's Dream in the original book, and then taking the first volume as a wedge, this is seventy volumes. It is generally believed that only one hundred editions may be the earliest version of the story of Water Margin, and it is also the version closest to the legendary story. [Editor] The translation of Water Margin has also been translated into many languages. The English version usually translates Water Margin or Water Margin. Among many versions, the earliest one is the Water Margin translated by Ms. Pearl Buck in the middle and late 1960s. The title of the book comes from The Analects of Confucius, "All men are brothers within the four seas". Published in 1933, it was the first English version of Water Margin, which was quite popular in the United States at that time. But there are many mistakes in translation. For example, the translation of the title of the book is not in line with the original intention and has been criticized by Mr. Lu Xun. 108 The nicknames of generals are usually literal. For example, Wei Chi, who is ill in bed, is translated as "Wei Chi", the flower monk Lu is translated as the flower monk, and the evil woman Sun Erniang is translated as "the nightmare". So far, the English version of Water Margin is considered to be a better one, which should be 100 times the version of Water Margin (a hero of Shui Bo) translated by Chinese-American Jewish scholar Sha Boli during the Cultural Revolution. His translation is considered to be more faithful to the original text, which embodies the charm of the original text well and conforms to the principle of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" in translation. Unfortunately, because this translation was published during the Cultural Revolution, it has little influence. The French version is literally translated as Aubold de l 'eau. There are so many versions of the Japanese version of Water Margin that it has even been adapted and interpreted into many cartoons, movies and TV works. [Editor] Influence and artistic value As the first novel written in the vernacular in China's history, Water Margin has a great influence on later generations. In the era of lack of knowledge and popular entertainment activities, other popular novels such as Water Margin and Romance of the Three Kingdoms often become the only cultural activities of ordinary people through folk artists in the form of opera and folk art, in which fictional characters or fictional stories become historical facts in the eyes of ordinary people. Many such stories, such as Lu pulling out weeping willows and shooting tigers, have always been talked about by men, women and children. The moral values revealed between the lines in the book, as well as the characteristics of valuing friends, ignoring life and death and valuing chivalry embodied in the characters in the book, have become the standards used by the public to judge right and wrong, good and evil. Compared with Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the strength of Water Margin lies not in the description of political and war scenes, but in the description of the main characters and citizens' lives. Among them are Song Jiang, Lin Chong, Lu, and so on. The main figure in Liangshan has a distinct personality and has his own language. The Water Margin has been adapted into various folk arts. In A Dream of Red Mansions, Lu's Wutai Mountain Song was mentioned. There are many classic programs in storytelling, such as Suzhou Pingtan and Shandong Kuaishu, which are all based on Water Margin. There is an ancient saying: "Young people should not read the outlaws of the Marsh, let alone the Three Kingdoms", which means that young people should not read the outlaws of the Marsh, otherwise they will easily want to fight all day and have a bad spirit. Old people should not study the Three Kingdoms, because the characters are good at intrigue and intrigue. As an old man who should know his destiny, he should spend his old age peacefully, instead of thinking about calculating others all day, which is not good for his body and mind. [Editor] Evaluation picture reference: upload.wikimedia/ * */Mons/Thumb /4/44/ Shuihu 1. PNG/ 180 px- Shuihu 1. Picture reference: ZH. * * */skin-1.5. Enlarge-Edit Hong Taiwei's interpretation of the demon Shuihu, one of the four classical novels in ancient China, was praised by many literary critics in later generations for its literary achievements: Jin Shengtan called Shuihu, Lisao, Zhuangzi, Historical Records, Du Fu's poems and The West Chamber as "the book of six talents". Feng Menglong called Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West and Jin Ping Mei "the Four Musts". Along with Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions, it is listed as "the four classical novels of China". In the 20th century, literary critics not only commented on the literary achievements of Water Margin, but also became interested in the social situation and values reflected in Water Margin. At the beginning of 1930, Lu Xun once commented on Water Margin in The Change of Thieves: "The word' chivalry' faded, and robbers rose, but they were also chivalrous, and their banner was' helping the sky'. They opposed traitors, not emperors, and robbed civilians, not generals. Li Kui jy took the lead in chopping with an axe when grabbing the gift ceremony, but it was the spectators. A movie "The Water Margin" makes it very clear that since there was no opposition to the Emperor, as soon as the army arrived, it was called up to fight other robbers for the national thief who did not "do justice for heaven". Finally became a slave. There have always been different views on the ideological tendency of Water Margin. One view is that the Water Margin shows the idea of loyalty. The main representative is Li Zhi of Ming Dynasty. Another view is that this is a book for robbers, and it is a book to teach people to be robbers. It was mainly put forward by Zuo in Ming Dynasty. He thinks that the water margin has taught the people badly, and robbers learn from Song Jiang. And think that if the Water Margin is not banned, the impact on the world is unimaginable. At that time, the court accepted his suggestion and confiscated the water margin nationwide. Another person who holds this view is Jin Shengtan. This is one of the reasons why he cut off 70. 1950 s, the view held at that time was that "Water Margin" celebrated the peasant uprising. This view was a mainstream view held by various textbooks, literary history and novel history at that time. 1970s, towards the end of the Cultural Revolution, he also commented on the values of Shuihu: "Shuihu only opposes corrupt officials, not emperors. 108 people whip is far behind. Song Jiang surrendered, engaged in revisionism, and changed Chao's Juyi Hall into Loyalty Hall, which made people find peace. The struggle between Song Jiang and Gao Qiu is a struggle between one faction and another within the landlord class. Sung River surrendered and went to fight Fang La. He also said: "The Water Margin is good at persuading surrender. Be a negative example and let the people know the capitulators. " His remarks once set off a "Comment on the Water Margin" movement in China. At this time, the official view is that Water Margin is a book advocating capitulationism. Song Jiang carried out the capitulationist line and denied the revolutionary line of Classical. Classical and Song Jiang are two routes of struggle. Song Jiang rejected Classical after going up the mountain. 108 people have no classical name and status.
Song dynasty author, Ming dynasty
Outlaws of the Marsh is the first vernacular novel written by Zhang Hui in the Song Dynasty in the history of China.
Surrounded by robbers weighing in the water margin. Also known as "The Water Margin of Loyalty and Righteousness" and "The Biography of the Hawks in Jianghu", generally referred to as "The Water Margin", was written in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. The author has been controversial [1]. It is generally believed that Shi Naian did it, and Luo Guanzhong did some sorting work. Most of the robbers in the book were driven into outlaws by the government. Many of them were originally officials, but they were once classified as peasant uprising novels in Chinese mainland. Content from * * *