In the northwest corner of the South China Sea, in the center of Beibu Gulf, there is a rich and beautiful island. This island was named Nightingale Island on the map published in China 1950, and Bailongwei Island was also named on the map later. However, this island should have a more vivid and real name-Fushuizhou Island.
Fishermen and coastal residents in Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan all call the island a floating island. There are peninsulas and villages and towns named Bailongwei along the coast of Guangxi, which is a very old place name in the coastal areas of Fangcheng Autonomous County. Fishermen and coastal residents in Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan only know that there are Bailongwei Peninsula and Bailongwei villages and towns along the coast, and there are Fushuizhou Island and Nightingale Island in the bay, but they don't know what Bailongwei Island is.
Floating island, low and flat, hangs alone in the middle of the foggy Beibu Gulf. For thousands of years, Chinese fishermen have been working and living in the Beibu Gulf fishing ground centered on the island. Rain and fog, the sun and the moon are dim, and the island is always in the sight of fishermen in China, hence the name Fushuizhou.
1955 In July, China People's Liberation Army liberated the island and handed it over to Viet Nam in March 1957. During this period, the island was administratively subordinate to Dan County, Hainan Administrative Region, Guangdong Province, and the "Fushui Prefecture Office of Dan County People's Government" was established as a district-level administrative unit. At the same time, the Party's grass-roots organization "Fu Shui Zhou Working Committee of Zhongxian County Committee" and the garrison unit "Fu Shui Zhou Garrison Brigade of Hainan Military Division of China People's Liberation Army" were established. Banks, supply and marketing cooperatives, primary schools, agricultural and fishery production cooperatives, etc. They all use the name Fushuizhou.
Fishermen in Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan sometimes call the island Haibao Island. The offshore shallow sea of the island is wide, which is the bottom of the reef and is rich in abalone. It is called Haibao Island, and the sound is changed to Haibao Island, which can be said to be another name for Fushuizhou Island. Nightingale Island is the name of the island in official books since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and even in the Republic of China, Chinese people and the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
The name of Bailongwei Island was the so-called name of the former French imperialist Indo-Chinese colonial authorities when they invaded the island in the 1930s. The name of Vietnam is written in Chinese as "White Dragon Tail?" ,"?" That is, the opposite of "music" in France lies in the South China Sea Islands. French and Indo-Chinese authorities and some Vietnamese people are used to playing tricks of replacing trees with flowers and confusing the fake with the real. They once transplanted the historical place names "Hoang Sa Archipelago" and "Changsha Archipelago" in the coastal areas of Vietnam to Lu Qun in Xisha and Nansha Islands in China. Here, they impersonated the place name of Bailongwei Peninsula in Guangxi to Fushuizhou in an attempt to confuse people.
Fushuizhou Island is located at 20'0 1' north latitude and 107'42' east longitude. It is 70 nautical miles from Haiphong Port in Vietnam in the northwest and 70 nautical miles from Bashuo Port in Hainan in the southeast. The island is oval, with an east-west major axis of 4.5km and a north-south major axis of 2. 1 km, covering an area of about 5km2. The west and south of the island are flat sand, and the northeast is mountainous, with the highest point 53 meters above sea level. The flat part has become cultivated land, while the mountainous part is lush grassland. Nearshore is a vast shallow sea with rocky seabed, which is the biological habitat of abalone, sea cucumber and other marine treasures. Beyond the shallow sea, it is a rich trawl fishing ground, rich in precious fish such as red fish, squid and grouper.
Before 1954, the number of residents on the island was135,518 (262 males and 256 females). When 1955 was liberated, there were 64 families with 249 people (male 127, female 65438). Residents are all Han people in China who speak Danzhou dialect. Most of the old people moved from Dan County, Hainan at the beginning of this century. After a long period of settlement, many residents were born on this island. Islanders live in two villages. The big village was named "Floating Island" and the small village was named "Liancun". The livelihood of islanders mainly depends on offshore fishing. With extremely simple tools, they dived naked to catch abalone and sea cucumber, processed them into dry goods and sold them to the mainland of China in exchange for food and other daily necessities. * * * is also engaged in agriculture on the island, with more than 500 mu of cultivated land, where upland rice, sweet potatoes, sorghum, beans, vegetables and watermelons are planted. And food is not self-sufficient. 193 1 year, people who are enthusiastic about industry, such as Pu Gongcai, Pu Wenjiang and Chen Youde, raised funds to set up a development company and planted watermelons on the island on a large scale, which is the origin of the name "company village". Unfortunately, due to the French invasion and the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the company's business failed to develop.
Historically, the border people in Chaozhou, Guangdong, Danzhou and Wenchang have always regarded the island as a very important abalone producing area. From June to August every year, hundreds of people go to the island to produce abalone, collect it, process it into dried products on the spot and sell it to the mainland. Modern China people have settled on the island for more than one hundred years. During the liberation of 1955, there was a temple dedicated to General Tian Fei and Fu Bo on the island. Tian Fei is the god who protects the maritime safety of fishermen in China. General Fu Bo was Ma Yuan who sent troops to China (now northern Vietnam) during the Eastern Han Dynasty. There is an iron bell in the temple, which was cast in Guangxu for three years (1877). The first group of people were Fu Jianming and Fu Huaiji from Wenchang County, Hainan Province.
There is no doubt that people from other countries and nationalities have never settled on the island except China people. Before the French emperor invaded the island in the 1930s, Vietnamese fishing activities had never been to the island and its surrounding waters.
In the early 1930s, the French emperor invaded Nansha and Xisha Islands, and at the same time extended his talons to Fushuizhou Island, which was strongly opposed by China public opinion and the government. 1937, China was too busy with War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression to take care of him, so Fadi sent troops to the island and illegally appointed Li Chang to rule. 1943, the Japanese army sent people to rule the island. 1946 Fadi made a comeback. 1950 after the liberation of Hainan, more than 40 Kuomintang party, government, army and special people fled to the island and used this island as a stronghold to harass the mainland and Hainan. 1954, an agreement was reached at the Geneva conference on peace in zhina, India, and the opposing Vietnamese sides gathered at the parallel of 17 degrees north latitude. In August 1954, Fadi hijacked 7 1 islanders and 269 people to South Vietnam in collusion with the remnants of the Kuomintang stationed in the island.
1On April 25th, 988, the Vietnamese government published a document of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs entitled Hoang Sa, Changsha Islands and International Law. Referring to Bailongwei Island, the article said: "In the anti-French war, the Vietnamese army drove away the Kuomintang troops at 1949, liberated Zhushan (the territory of China) and handed it over to the China People's Liberation Army. In the same spirit ... Viet Nam asked China to help manage Bailongwei Island in Beibu Gulf, and it was recovered on 1957. " The Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in its document defending the invasion of China's South China Sea Islands, compared Zhushan with Bailongwei Island, which is neither fish nor fowl. Zhushan, located on the China side of the Beilun River Estuary, is a gathering place for the Han people in China, and it is the territory of China expressly stipulated in the relevant treaties on the border between China and France. Bailongwei Island was developed by China people since ancient times, and China people settled far from the Vietnamese coast. Relevant treaties and diplomatic documents have not found any Vietnamese territory as required.
Vietnam claims that the island belongs to Vietnam for two cunning reasons: first, the island is located to the west of the east longitude 108 line; This is what we call "practical and effective rules". However, judging from historical facts and the principles of international law, these two reasons are untenable. 108。 The' 03' meridian originates from the third paragraph of the French version of 1887, which is from "l05 to the east of the Paris meridian". The Chinese version of this paragraph is a short north-south line determined according to the feature points. Whether in Chinese or French, it is clear that this north-south line is the attribution line for Guangdong (then in Qinzhou, Guangdong) to divide the coastal islands near the Beilun estuary in the Sino-French Border Demarcation Treaty. This line is located at the eastern end of the Sino-Vietnamese border, with a north-south trend. Vietnamese custom 108. 1982 1 1 In June, the Vietnamese government once again publicly described this line as the Beibu Gulf maritime boundary stipulated in the Sino-French Treaty of 1887, which is a lie. The fact is that the Beibu Gulf maritime boundary is not divided, and 108. Line 03' is the ownership line of the offshore islands near Beilun estuary, which is only partial and has no legal effect to determine the status of floating islands.
"Actual rule" is even more absurd. 1937- 1954, French imperialism took advantage of China War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the civil war to occupy the island and appointed China as the captain to rule the people of China. The French emperor invaded Vietnam and China, and the aggression could not constitute sovereignty, let alone the French emperor's invasion of China territory and independence of Vietnam.
Vietnam, eager for success, is pushing its luck. While wantonly encroaching on Nansha Islands in China, in the Beibu Gulf, relying on Bailongwei Island, it claimed sovereignty over a large sea area and continental shelf in the Beibu Gulf, detained Chinese fishermen and destroyed the livelihood of hundreds of thousands of fishermen. In this case, it is necessary to correct the name of Bailongwei Island.