The first volume of the eighth grade "You Heng Shan Ji" teaching plan 1 teaching method
Teaching in a block way: five readings and five speeches-the whole class consists of two series of blocks: reading and speaking.
Preparation before class: organize students to carry out a mountaineering activity in their spare time. Guide students to enter the library or look up information about Xu Xiake on the Internet.
teaching process
first kind
(1) lead in and read the text for the first time.
1. The student introduced my understanding of Xu Xiake, and the teacher added.
Xu Xiake was a famous geographer and traveler in ancient China. Living in the era of extremely corrupt bureaucrats and extremely sharp social contradictions in the late Ming Dynasty. Integrity. I don't want to live in dirty officialdom, so I resolutely put aside fame and fortune to find a Range Rover in the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland as my lifelong pleasure. He traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers in China. At the same time, he recorded the geology, water resources, products, people's feelings and places of interest in detail in the form of a diary.
Xu Xiake's Travels is a record of his travels for more than 30 years, and it is a famous ancient travel book. It is also a masterpiece of ancient geography in China. It has an important position in the history of geography, and it is also spread around the world as a literary treasure. People in the Qing Dynasty praised it as "the best travel notes in ancient and modern times" and "the truth in the world, representing Meng Qiqi's words".
2. Students read the text, and the teacher checks the preview to solve the problems of speech recognition and meaning understanding.
(2) The first teaching period: read the text and say discovery.
1. Find the words that can understand the meaning according to the context.
2. Find words that can be explained by adding disyllabic words.
3. Find words with different meanings in ancient and modern times.
4. Find out the words that are still used today.
5. Find polysemous words.
6. Discover the flexible use of parts of speech.
(3) The second teaching module: reading the text and speaking the translation.
1. Students should read the text again and read it smoothly.
2. Students read and translate by themselves.
3. Translate Solitaire (one sentence per person according to the number of people).
4. The teacher reads the text and the students speak the translation.
Second lesson
(A) the third teaching period: read the text and say the content.
1. When students read the text again, they should read the intonation.
The teacher instructs the students to summarize the meaning of each paragraph and asks them to speak.
(1) Write down the time and weather of climbing the mountain.
(2) Write down the process, scenery and place names of the summit.
(3) Write what you can see after reaching the summit.
(4) Write about going down from Xifeng Mountain to Fei Grottoes.
3. According to the third paragraph of the second paragraph, students talk about the places the author passed when he went up the mountain and the scenery he saw at the top of the mountain.
Going up the mountain, you pass the Wangxianting-Hufengkou-the memorial archway of "the first mountain in Shuofang"-the bedroom-Feitian Grottoes-Beiyue Temple-Huisendai. On the top of the mountain, I saw the dense tree falling off the cliff in the north mountain, and also saw Hunyuan House, with Longquan Mountain in the south, Wutai Mountain on both sides and Longshan Mountain nearby. These mountains are all interrelated.
4. Students act as tour guides. According to the text, introduce Hengshan Mountain to tourists in their own language.
(2) The fourth teaching section: read the text and taste the sentences.
1, students read the text again and ask to read the scene.
Ask students to write down their feelings about some words in the sentence ... well described and well written ... ".
For example, the phrase "the wind is clear and the air is positive, and the blue sky is like washing" is well described, which shows that the weather on the day when the author climbed Mount Hengshan was calm and there were no clouds in Wan Li.
Another example is: "Yu Yi dares to climb, and over time, he will climb to the top", which is well written, showing the author's hardships in climbing Hengshan Mountain and Xu Xiake's enterprising spirit of being brave in climbing.
(3) The fifth teaching section: Read the text and talk about feelings.
1, students read the text again and ask to read their emotions.
2. Students prepare a speech about "feelings". (It can be the feeling of reading You Heng Shan Ji, or it can be the feeling of climbing a mountain. )
3. Students speak and teachers and students evaluate each other.
4. Class summary: You Heng Shan Ji is a geographer's reconnaissance record and a writer's travel notes. This article describes the author's journey to the top of Mount Heng. It shows his spirit of not being afraid of difficulties and hardships and being brave in exploring and practicing. The article changes the shape step by step, accurately and carefully records all kinds of scenery, place names and distances, and shows the practical learning spirit of ancient literati. At the same time, I pinned my love for the mountains and rivers of my motherland on landscape writing.
(4) Homework after class: Make a reading excerpt card of You Heng Shan Ji.
Preview the second teaching plan of the first volume of the eighth grade "You Heng Shan Ji";
23. Friends of Mount Heng
Teaching objectives:
The meaning of notional words such as 1 and accumulation.
2. Make clear the order of the author's travel notes and understand his well-organized travel notes.
3. Learn from the author's spirit of daring to take risks and climb.
Teaching plan: 1 class hour
Preparation before class:
1, read the text aloud, so that the pronunciation is accurate and the sentences are read in order.
2. Learn about Xu Xiake and his travels with the help of materials.
3. Multimedia courseware.
Learning process:
First, dialogue import:
1 There is such a work, which is a famous ancient travel note in China and a famous geographical work in China. It embodies the sweat of the author's tourism investigation for more than 30 years. This book is Xu Xiake's Travels, which is regarded as a wonderful book through the ages. Today, we are going to learn an article selected from this book-A Journey to Mount Hengshan. Multimedia display of authors and text pictures.
2 Introduction to the author
Xu Xiake was a great geographer and traveler in Ming Dynasty. Ming Hongzu, the word vibration. Nanming Zhili Jiangyin Ma Town Nanyang Qi. Born in the fourteenth year of Wanli (1587 65438+10.5) on November 27th, and died in the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (16465438+March 8th, 0) on January 27th. He reads widely, despises powerful people, refuses his official career, and is determined to investigate the mysteries of mountains and rivers. For 30 years before resting on the road, Xu Xiake kept a detailed record of what he saw and heard every night. Even if he sleeps in the barren hills and wild forests, he always leans on his luggage and keeps a diary by the campfire. After his death in A.D. 164 1, Xu Xiake left a lot of diaries, which were actually the records of his geographical investigation. After on-the-spot investigation, he corrected the mistakes recorded in the geography books in the past and discovered the geographical phenomena that no one recorded in the past. Like ancient geography books, Minjiang River is the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. After investigation, Xu Xiake found that the upper reaches of the Chu River are not Minjiang River, but Jinsha River. For another example, when he visited Daying Mountain in Tengchong, Yunnan, he found the remains of volcanic eruption there. What he visited most during his trip was karst phenomenon. In Qixingyan, Guilin, he recorded various stalactites, stalagmites, stalactites and other landforms there in detail. This is the earliest record of studying karst phenomenon in the world. Later, people compiled his diary into Travel Notes of Xu Xiake. This book is a famous ancient travel note in China and a precious document of ancient geography in China. This is what he observed with amazing perseverance, keen observation and simple words in thirty years of scientific practice. Xu Xiake's spirit of paying attention to practice, taking risks and devoting himself to science has won the respect of future generations.
Second, check the pronunciation of words.
The wind (y √) is clear without climbing (j √), and the wind (qi √) is scattered and lingering (yíng).
Liberate (fāng) government offices (xiè) to connect with (shè) classes (wǔ).
The dome (qióng) monument ascends (niè) and looks up (tiào) (chá) (yā).
If you don't (zhé) break, you will fall (duò), and Hong Tao will gurgle (G incarnation), but there will be no long spines (jí).
Overlooking (kàn) the foothills (lü) the west of Longshan (gèn), shoulder to shoulder (mèi).
Reduce cliff gaps in the desert.
Third, dredge the meaning of the text.
1. Read the text and cooperate in groups to complete the learning task of dredging the meaning of the text.
2. The significance of clearing difficult problems in the communication process. Team leader reports and team members supplement.
3. The full text is divided into four paragraphs:
The first paragraph: Write the departure time and weather.
The second paragraph: the process of climbing the mountain to the top is described in detail, which embodies the author's spirit of taking risks and exploring. This is the focus of this article.
The third paragraph: write about the scenery around you after you reach the summit.
The fourth paragraph: write about the situation from Xifeng downhill to Fei Grottoes.
Fourth, cooperative exploration.
1. Read the text quickly, draw the place where the author climbs the mountain, and draw a schematic diagram of the author climbing the mountain.
Qing Dynasty: The author went up the mountain, passing through Wang Xianting, Hufengkou, Shuofang First Mountain Archway, Bedroom, Feitian Grottoes, Beiyue Temple, Huixian and other places. Sketch sketch
2. Underline the sentences that indicate the mileage in the text and think about it. What is the author's intention in writing this way?
Clear: one mile, another mile, three miles, three miles-
The author's writing in this way shows the characteristics of clear and coherent articles.
3. Read the third paragraph of the article carefully and tell the author's observation angle and the order of writing scenes.
Clear: the observation angle is overlooking, which can be obtained from the article "Overlooking the North and South of the Mountain".
The order of scenery writing is as follows: spatial order from north to south to west to east, and from far to near.
Multimedia display of Hengshan pictures to enhance students' sensory understanding.
4. Underline the words written in the text about Xu Xiake's summit and experience his spirit.
Clear: In the second paragraph, I want to climb a dangerous cliff and climb to the top of the mountain-I want to climb to the top of the mountain after a long time. This is a passage from the author to the top.
Since the summit, Xu Xiake's spirit of taking risks, working hard and seeking truth from facts has been fully demonstrated.
5. Summary:
This article clearly introduces the author's trip, describes the author's journey to the top of Hengshan Mountain, and shows his practice of defying hardships, struggling hard and daring to explore.
Writing characteristics of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
1. The article is very clear.
The scenic spots and geographical location involved in this travel note are complicated, but a clue that runs through the whole article is the trail, that is, the order of the author's footprint and eyesight. They successively passed the landscape of Wang Xianting, Hukou, Shuofang First Mountain Archway, Bedroom, Feitian Grottoes, Beiyue Temple, Huixi Sendai and described them one by one. Write again about the difficulty of reaching the top. Then, after reaching the peak, we can see the surrounding scenery and clearly show the whole mountain system. Finally, write down the mountain.
2. The details are appropriate.
The full text is detailed and handled properly. Briefly describe the departure time and weather conditions, and describe the process of climbing to the summit in detail, in which the scenery, place names and the situation between the scenery are all written in detail, and the summit process is written in the most detail, and the feelings of swimmers during the process are written out. In the process of going down the mountain, I wrote a detailed paragraph about finding the way down the mountain, and the rest of the downhill process was skipped.
3. Observe carefully.
As a traveler who aims at exploring landforms, he observes some details more carefully than ordinary people. For example, the colors of coal, soil and stones exposed in the ground are written in various scenic spots, and special attention is paid to the terrain and surrounding environment.
4. Combination of scientificity and literariness.
Narration pays attention to reality, records what you see truthfully, observes carefully, and provides material for geographical research, which is scientific and rigorous. At the same time, the description of the scenery also has its own characteristics and vivid images. For example, the pine shadow screens the shadows, the top supports the precipice, the bottom is afraid of the officials, your highness's cloud level is inserted into the sky, the city gate is up and down, and the dome monument is so vivid that it is quite literary.
Transfer and expansion of intransitive verbs
1, access to information to explore whether there are no trees in the mountains and rivers, but there are rocks and mountains. All the stones are in the north, so all the trees are in the north. The reasons for this phenomenon.
2. Use the library to read the book "Xu Xiake's Travels" and write reading notes.
Seven, classical Chinese vocabulary summary
1 common words
Also through the ring, turn, around.
Ex.: I also passed Yue Diandong.
2 Flexible use of parts of speech
1. Adjective used as a noun
Steep: steep, here refers to the cliff.
Example: Follow the cliff and climb the steep slope.
2. Nouns used as verbs
Room: A room means a room.
Example: leaning against the house means meeting Sendai.
Like: statue, which means shaping.
Example: Taichung is like a group of immortals.
3. Different meanings of ancient and modern times
But the ancient meaning: only; Significance: However, it represents a turning point.
For example: but you can hook clothes and stab the collar.
So the ancient meaning: from now on; Modern meaning: conjunction, indicating inheritance.
Ex.: So the stone road lingered.
4. Special sentence patterns
1. Judgment
Example: fly to the grottoes.
There is also the sign of judging sentence patterns, plus the emphasis.
Translation: It is the Flying Grottoes.
2. Inverted sentences
① Preposition object.
Example: pine and cypress in tiger's mouth are worth a hundred times. The object is the pine and cypress in the tiger's mouth.
Translation: It is more than 100 times larger than the pine and cypress in Hufengkou.
② Adverbial postposition
There is a man swinging on the floor. Adverbial is placed after superordinate.
There is a man swinging on it.
③ attributive postposition
Example: Overlooking the mountain from the north, it feels heavy. The nature of the mountain is a heavy post.
Looking north, there is a big mountain.
Eight. distribute
1.
It is recommended to read Xu Xiake's travels.
The first volume of the eighth grade "You Heng Shan Ji" teaching plan 3 I. Teaching objectives
(A) with the help of notes, correctly understand the meaning of the full text.
(2) In reading, cultivate students' reading comprehension ability of ancient travel essays.
(3) Understand the natural and cultural landscape of Hengshan Mountain, stimulate students' lofty patriotic enthusiasm, and learn from the realistic spirit of ancient scholars.
Second, the class arrangement 2 class hours
Third, the teaching process
first kind
(A) the introduction of new courses
In the history of China's tourism literature, although there are some excellent works such as Eight Chapters of Yongzhou written by Liu Zongyuan, The Story of Luan Written by Shihu Jushi written by Fan Dacheng and The Story of Entering Shu written by Lu You, their contents also describe the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland. However, Xu Xiake's travel notes are the best of its kind in terms of professionalism, length, length and richness of content. It is not only a scientific work, but also a veritable literary travel notes. Has been highly respected in the history of China literature. In Qing Dynasty, Qian called it "the real writing, representative system and strange writing in the world". Today, let's follow Xu Xiake's footsteps and wander between the mountains and rivers of Mount Hengshan in Beiyue.
(2) Read the text aloud
1. Students read the full text by themselves and read the pronunciation correctly with the help of the notes under the book.
2. The teacher demonstrates reading, and students can follow it softly.
3. For two or three paragraphs that are difficult to read, the teacher will take them and the students will read after them.
4. Find a middle-level student to read the full text, while other students listen, and mark the places where pronunciation is not accurate. After listening, the students will correct their pronunciation.
5. Read the whole text together and read the pronunciation correctly.
(3) Understand the meaning of the text
1. Students translate the full text orally with the help of notes and reference books under the book, and mark the translation difficulties so as to communicate and discuss with other students.
2. Students ask questions in class and put forward obvious translation difficulties. Students or teachers answer.
3. With a preliminary understanding of the full text, read the full text together and think about the main contents of each paragraph.
4. Summarize the contents of each paragraph, and clarify the ideas of the full text.
Clear: Paragraph 1 outlines the departure time and weather conditions.
The second paragraph describes in detail the process of climbing to the top of the mountain.
In the third paragraph, I wrote about the scenery I saw after I reached the summit.
The fourth paragraph describes the situation from Xifeng Mountain to Fei Grottoes.
(4) Transfer
1. Read the full text, consolidate your understanding of the meaning of the text, imagine yourself as Xu Xiake or a tour guide, and make a speech introducing the experience of visiting Hengshan Mountain according to the content of the text.
2. In the study group, prepare an introduction about Xu Xiake and his travel notes after class.
Second lesson
(A) check reading aloud
Ask a student to read the full text, check whether it meets the reading requirements of last class, and help other students recall the contents of the full text.
(2) Check the translation
Ask two or three students, as Xu Xiake or tour guide, to introduce the process of visiting Hengshan to their classmates and teachers according to the text. Other students pay attention to whether there is any discrepancy between what the students say and the text when listening and reading, and mark the main attractions in the textbook.
(3) Correct in time
In response to the speech made by "Xu Xiake" or "tour guide" just now, on the basis of affirmation, the teacher asked the students to find out the shortcomings or mistakes combined with the text and correct them. Teachers can guide students to understand the meaning of the text, and can also guide students' tone and voice in a timely manner.
(4) Find a travel route
Combined with the "thinking and practice" after class, find out the author's tour route, further understand the familiar words and perceptual knowledge of some characteristics of travel notes.
Clear: The mountain passes through Wang Xianting, Hufengkou, the memorial arch of "Shuofang First Mountain", the bedroom, Feitian Grottoes, Beiyue Temple, Huixian and other places. Climbing to the top of the mountain, I saw "shady trees falling on cliffs" in the north, Hunyuanfu and Longquan Mountain in the south, Wutai Mountain in the west and Longshan Mountain nearby. From Xifeng mountain to the top of the dangerous cliff behind the bedroom, through the pine forest, from the gap of the cliff to the flying grottoes.
(E) Learning spirit
Read the full text and guide students to understand the author's spirit from some sentences after reading. This travel book is full and full, which not only shows the scenery of mountains and rivers, but also vividly depicts the climbers' struggling pursuit, such as "I want to climb the steep cliff in my spare time, and I want to reach the top", which shows Xu Xiake's spirit of not being afraid of difficulties, struggling hard, being brave in practice and seeking truth and being pragmatic.
(6) Exchange of materials
The teacher selected some representatives of the study group to go to the podium to exchange and introduce materials about Xu Xiake and his travels.
Supplement: 1. Xu Xiake (A.D. 1586- A.D. 164 1) was born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu. Xu Xiake has been an official for generations. I have been particularly curious about books since I was a child. I have been reading ancient and modern history books, geography, mountains and seas, and all traces of running up and down. Every time I read a classic, I dive down to play, and my spirit is vivid. " After failing in the exam, he was determined to break away from the shackles of the imperial examination, immerse himself in ancient and modern history books and maps, and yearn for the investigation career of "famous mountains and great rivers". After extensive reading and independent thinking, regardless of the irony of heresy, he resolutely questioned the illustrated records and criticized Gong Yu, which has been regarded as a classic since ancient times. I have been traveling since I was 22 years old in order to visit the great rivers and mountains of my motherland. Over the past 30 years, it has spread all over Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan 16 provinces and Beijing, Tianjin and Yunnan. It was not until he was seriously ill at the age of 55 that he was escorted back to his hometown by the magistrate of Lijiang, Yunnan, and died the following year.
2. Xu Xiake's Travels records Xu Xiake's life journey and observation in detail in the form of diary. Apart from the lost people, there are more than 600,000 people who have been preserved, and the content is very rich, from the investigation of mountains, rivers and landforms to the search for wonders and scenic spots of rocks, caves, waterfalls and hot springs; From the comparison of ecological varieties of animals and plants to the record of minerals, handicrafts, residence and price; From the observation of people's feelings and customs to the concern for ethnic relations and border defense, it fully shows that he has experienced arduous practice and produced fruitful scientific achievements. Xu Xiake's Travels is not only a scientific work, but also a veritable literary travelogue. As a faithful record of Xu Xiake's exploration of the mysteries of mountains and rivers, it reproduces Xu Xiake's various arrangements of rain, fog, sunny and cloudy nature, mountains, water, trees and stones, and embodies his infinite affection for the great rivers and mountains of the motherland everywhere.
(7) Transfer
After class, I read Xu Xiake's Diary of a Wild Goose Going Downhill (later) and Qiao Yu's Travels of Hengshan Mountain in Ming Dynasty, trying to make some comparisons with this article in content and expression.