First of all, we should learn advanced mathematics well, which will be used in professional courses in different directions in the future, such as signal processing, electromagnetic field, power system and DSP.
The most important basic courses are circuit analysis, analog circuits and digital circuits. We must learn these three courses well. For most students who don't know much about electronic knowledge, they usually learn a little and are in a daze. So it is best to read one or two books that comprehensively introduce electronic knowledge before or at the same time. You don't need to know everything in the book, just have a general feeling. The choice of this kind of introductory reading is very important. If you don't understand, you may lose interest or get hit hard, but it backfires. Here is a book "Electronic Design from scratch" (edited by Yang Xin and published by Tsinghua University Publishing House), which systematically and comprehensively introduces the basic knowledge of electronic design and manufacture, including analog electricity, digital electricity, single chip microcomputer and Multisim circuit simulation software, etc. One book is almost enough for basic knowledge, and the key is easy to understand and interesting. In addition, a set of small format (32 format) e-books introduced and published by Science Press is also good, written in Japanese, translated and published by Science Press, with more and simpler illustrations, but this series has more volumes and more detailed contents.
Besides reading, we should pay enough attention to hands-on practice. The courses of circuit, analog electricity and digital electricity will be accompanied by some experimental courses. Cherish this opportunity and do it well, instead of taking it as a task. Just like copying homework, copying other people's experimental results is also a common practice in colleges and universities, especially in groups of several people, that is, some people are diligent and eager to learn, while others are waiting for the results aimlessly. I just want to say that the result of your own efforts is sweet, and that sense of accomplishment will make you full and satisfied. Idle hands, when looking for a job near graduation or trying at work, the great fear inside will make you regret it. There are too many such lessons. How many times have we wasted years before coming back to regret it? In addition to preparing for experimental classes, many schools have open laboratories for students to do voluntarily after class. Cherish this resource and condition, no one will provide you with this free lunch after work. Of course, some schools do not have such good conditions or lack of equipment, so students can simulate a test platform on the computer, that is, learn to use Multisim software well. Multisim is a kind of circuit simulation software. I called it EWB when I was at school, and later it was renamed Multisim200 1, Multisim7 and Multisim8 with the version update. The software can simulate and build various analog circuits and digital circuits, and observe and analyze the simulation results of the circuits. You can simulate the circuits learned in analog and digital electricity in this software to increase your perceptual knowledge. Before and after the experiment, they can also simulate the test circuit in the software to see how different it is from the actual test results. It can be said that as long as you study electricity, this small software is what you must master when you go to school, which is of great help to your study. Another software that must be mastered is protel. In school, from the comprehensive design experiment of primary school to graduation design, you will be asked to draw the circuit schematic diagram and PCB version of the design with Protel at last; Protel is also a basic skill that you must master after work. Some students may simply use this software to draw boards within one or two years after graduation. Protel version has also gone through the development path of Protel98, Protel99, Protel99SE, ProtelDXP and Protel2004. Protel99SE, ProtelDXP and Protel2004 are the most widely used versions. At present, Protel99SE is still used by many school teachers or company engineers. Of course, as a new self-learner, it seems better to learn directly from Protel2004. To sum up, Multisim and Protel, as the most basic EDA (Electronic Design Automation) software, must be mastered by all electrical students in school. Others, such as Pspice, Orcad, SYstemview, MATLAB, QuartusII, etc. , you need to choose according to different professional directions, or use it for key study after entering the postgraduate stage or work. Are Multisim and Protel studious? Getting started should be no problem. Let brothers and sisters guide you, or find one or two introductory books to read. Here I recommend a book "Circuit Design and Simulation-Based on Multisim 8 and Protel 2004" (also edited by Yang Xin and published by Tsinghua Publishing House), which is quite good as an introduction to these two softwares. The point is that a book contains two softwares to learn, which is more cost-effective for poor students. If you spend money to buy two books to learn these two softwares separately, it is not worth it, because it is not difficult to get started with Multisim. In addition, drawing PCB with Protel is very knowledgeable, so you need to read more technical documents or buy an advanced application book.
2. Study specialized courses and apply what you have learned.
When it comes to the study of specialized courses, we only discuss specialized courses that focus on application, and I will not mention other specialized courses that focus on theory and calculation, such as power system analysis, electrical engineering, automatic control principle, signal and processing, high voltage, electromagnetic field and so on. Of course, these courses are very important and troublesome for you to develop into a research talent in the future. If you have any suggestions, you can only say that you study hard, study hard, and know as little as possible (but don't expect to know everything). You can come back to make up for it when you need it in your future work or further study. At that time, if you have more work experience or contact with perceptual knowledge, you may learn more easily.
What specialized courses are there that focus on application? Different majors have different courses, so it is difficult to cover everything. Here is a brief list of microcomputer principle and interface technology (also known as single chip microcomputer), switching power supply design, programmable logic device (PLD) application, programmable logic control (PLC) application, frequency converter application, communication circuit, digital integrated circuit analysis and design, DSP, embedded and so on. Some students may ask: It's not easy to learn all this in college, is it? The answer is not only difficult, but also impossible. These technologies are a complex set of knowledge. It can be said that as long as you master one of them, you can find a good job outside. Moreover, in the university stage, it is not necessary to learn all these courses, but to choose several courses according to different professional directions (which ones to choose, and study their own professional training programs and consulting teachers), and strive for active basic usage when learning, and the real application and deepening are after work; Of course, if you are diligent or talented and can master a certain subject to the degree of developing products, it will be easy to find a good job after graduation. It needs to be clear here that there is a lot of knowledge in the field of electronics, so there are more employees in companies generally engaged in hardware. A research and development project is completed by many people, so we often hear the word team consciousness. Because a person's ability is limited, it is impossible to master all the knowledge. For example, some people specialize in driving, some people specialize in logic design, some people specialize in high-frequency wireless, some people specialize in testing, some people specialize in designing shells, some people specialize in designing circuit boards, and so on.
I may have a big head when I see this: what am I going to learn? To tell the truth, writing here is getting bigger and bigger. There are too many things involved in electronic design to be explained clearly in an article or even a book. So I decided to get rid of these unfamiliar course names and talk about the basic professional skills that I think an electrical major student or a self-taught person who wants to become an electronic engineer should master.
In my opinion, apart from the basic knowledge of circuit analysis, analog circuit and digital circuit mentioned at the beginning, we should also understand and master the identification and selection of electronic components, the use of basic instruments and meters, the analysis and design of some common circuit modules, the application of single chip microcomputer, the application of PLD, the application of simulation software, the design and manufacture of circuit boards, electronic measurement and circuit testing.
Needless to say, the identification and use of electronic components is the basis of element level, but it is not easy to master it well. After graduation, some students majoring in electronics still can't recognize diodes and triodes, and can't tell the positive and negative poles of electrolytic capacitors. , and it is not without things. Still in a word, go to the lab more, run the electronic market more, and read more books.
The use of instruments and meters, you will at least use digital multimeter, waveform generator, power supply, oscilloscope, small motor, single chip microcomputer simulator in college experimental classes, at least understand the wiring methods and usage of these things.
Commonly used circuit modules are also all-inclusive, including various amplifier circuits, comparators, AD conversion circuits, DA conversion circuits, difference channel, integration circuits, various digital logic unit circuits and so on. I can only say that I have a general understanding and learned how to check data, chips and pins. The most basic thing is to be familiar with all kinds of chips used in experiments or curriculum design.
Single-chip microcomputer, this should be mastered. At present, there are many kinds of single-chip microcomputer, but 5 1 series single-chip microcomputer is the most widely used in enterprises of all sizes, and it is cheap and has the most complete learning materials, so it is recommended to self-learners. Of course, different schools teach different models of single-chip computers. It doesn't matter. It's easy to learn a single-chip computer programming and then learn other single-chip computers.
PLD (Programmable Logic Device) is an integrated circuit chip, which can be programmed by users and realize certain logic functions. The function setting of programmable logic device (that is, what function it wants to achieve) should be realized by the designer through programming with the help of development tools, similar to single chip microcomputer. The development tool can learn Quartus II software of Altera (this is the fourth generation PLD development software of the company, and the third generation is MAX PLUS II software). Programming language learning hardware description language VHDL or Verilog HDL.
The most basic simulation software is Multisim mentioned above, and you can also learn MATLAB. Other testing majors choose to study or study after work. The design and manufacture of circuit board mainly rely on Protel software. This has been introduced before, and readers should be familiar with it.
I've talked about all this in general terms, but there is still a lot to learn further. Again, read more and practice more! Tsinghua University Publishing House has a series of tutorials on electronic circuits step by step, which is based on the ideas I mentioned above. Unfortunately, it's not finished yet. Now it seems that there are only a few books: Application of Single Chip Microcomputer in Electronic Circuit Design, Course of Circuit Design and Board Making-Proetl Application, Course of Simulation Software-Multisim and MATLAB, Guide to Analysis and Design of Common Circuit Modules. Show your knowledge at this stage, don't read too simple books, and don't read too profound books. Being in a daze will lose confidence and interest.