That is, the meaning of "people", the broad masses of people who promote historical development, in terms of quantity, refer to the majority, and in terms of quality, can promote social development and progress. In contemporary times, they include the broad masses of the people, including the working class, farmers and intellectuals.

How to correctly understand the people-oriented design principle

Strictly speaking, people-oriented is the category of human resource management. Only by establishing and perfecting the human resource management mechanism can people-oriented be truly achieved.

"People-oriented" management refers to a series of management activities with people as the starting point and center in the management process, focusing on stimulating and mobilizing people's initiative, enthusiasm and creativity, and realizing the common development of people and enterprises. It has the following characteristics:

1 humanistic management mainly refers to the guiding ideology of taking people as the starting point and center in the process of enterprise management.

People-oriented management activities revolve around stimulating and mobilizing people's initiative, enthusiasm and creativity.

3 People-oriented management is committed to the common development of people and enterprises.

The importance of humanistic management lies in that it is an important condition to improve the knowledge productivity of enterprises. The knowledge productivity of an enterprise refers to its ability to create wealth by using its knowledge resources. It is the basic management mode to adapt to the international operation of enterprises, the necessary condition to establish a good relationship between people and other elements in enterprises, and the cornerstone of sustainable development of enterprises.

How to understand "people-oriented" in architectural design

The development course of architectural design concept The fundamental principle and viewpoint guiding architectural design is architectural design concept, which has become the symbol of design revolution and renewal. Before the 1960s, modernist architectural style was popular in the world, and a revolution in design concept began in the 1970s.

After 20 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly, so people are interested in architecture. . . . .

What aspects should people-oriented square design concept embody?

First, the people-oriented design concept

Design is produced, developed and changed with the appearance of human beings. It is a purposeful, conscious and creative activity that people design goods to meet specific needs in a specific environment. Any design has its own professional attributes. The task of environmental art design is to constantly solve the coordinated development between man and natural environment and artificial environment, and provide satisfactory and comfortable environmental space for people from different countries, nationalities, regions and cultural backgrounds in terms of use function and spiritual function.

Human behavior demand is the basis of environmental art design. People-oriented means taking the needs of human nature as the basic standard to measure all external things, that is, paying attention to the perfection and all-round development of human nature, personality and ability. Any design is a creative activity to meet people's needs. In today's increasingly serious soil erosion and desertification, environmental art design should adhere to the people-oriented design concept and constantly create a comfortable and beautiful living environment for people. The master of the environment is man. Different races, different cultural backgrounds and different geographical and climatic conditions make people have different living habits and aesthetic habits. Under different economic conditions, people will also put forward different' comfort' requirements. In other words, when people live in the environment, they will consciously and purposefully choose to adapt to and transform the environment. The users of environmental space are people, and the differences of users' countries, nationalities, cultural backgrounds, regions and climates determine that one environment cannot be simply copied to another. But this is not to let everyone abandon nature, but to consider people's use needs and spiritual needs on the basis of observing the objective laws of nature. For example, primitive people dug a few feet, built habitats, built caves by mountains, and built houses by rivers. All these are enough to show that human beings will create their own living environment according to their own needs while observing the objective laws of the natural environment.

Second, the use function of environmental space should adhere to the people-oriented concept.

People's behavioral needs affect the use of environmental space. In a sense, the space we live in can be called primitive space. On the basis of the original space, environmental art design combines and arranges various elements that make up the space to create an environmental space with its own characteristics suitable for the participation and use of specific groups. The use function of space is the use of environmental space and whether the environment can meet the basic needs of people or interpersonal activities. People's behavior is often the basis for determining the position and moving line in landscape design. After the environment is built, it will affect people's behavior. Similarly, people's behavior will also affect the existence of the environment. It can be seen that human behavior needs to be the basic basis of any space design. The classification of human behavior and its influence on the use of environmental space;

(1) purposeful behavior: it is the functional behavior often mentioned in design, the shopping behavior of shops and the display function of museums, and it is the most basic basis of design. For example, classroom learning behavior is the basic basis of design, otherwise, space will lose its functionality.

(2) Behavior habits accompanying the main purpose: A typical example is cutting corners. For example, we often see the lawn of a park or square being trampled out of the road. Even if there is greening, wall surface and height difference nearby to force adjustment, the effect is often not good. Because in order to reach the destination, people will instinctively choose to take shortcuts. In this way, the former environmental place composed of greening, walls and height difference no longer exists and loses its due functionality.

(3) Subconscious behavior is accompanied by purposeful behavior: this behavior embodies a kind of subconscious and instinct. For example, people's habit of turning left, although people don't realize why they turn left, experiments have proved that if the exhibition space is arranged on the right, it will cause reverse visits and streamline confusion.

People's behavioral needs are closely related to the effective use of environmental space. When we design a pedestrian street or a large shopping mall, we will set up leisure space every once in a while. It is not difficult to see that the emergence of shopping environment is the need of people's shopping needs, and the emergence of leisure space is the need of people to alleviate shopping fatigue. For example, in Talesinsi designed by Wright, the whole functional space of the school is arranged horizontally as close as possible to the ground, and the layout is reasonable and compact, and it is connected by terraced fields with high and low levels, resulting in rich functional space to meet people's learning and life behavior needs. The roof and folding board of the ballroom can also be opened, so that the surrounding scenery can be seen at a glance, and at the same time, the air can be circulated, which plays the role of cooling off the heat and takes into account people's physiological reflex.

Third, people-oriented harmonious environment design.

(A) the harmony between design and people

In a sense, man is the spirit of all things ... >>

What is the research significance of interior design living space?

Interior design is to create an indoor environment with reasonable function, comfort and beauty and meet people's material and spiritual needs by using material and technical means and architectural aesthetic principles according to the nature of use, environment and corresponding standards of buildings. This kind of space environment not only has the use value and meets the corresponding functional requirements, but also embodies the spiritual factors such as historical context, architectural style and environmental atmosphere. In the above meaning, the purpose of interior design is obviously to "create an indoor environment that meets people's material and spiritual needs", that is, to create a beautiful indoor environment around people's life and production activities. At the same time, in interior design, the basic factors to grasp the design object as a whole are: the nature of use and the function of designing buildings and indoor spaces; The surrounding environment and indoor space of the building; Economic input: the total investment of corresponding projects and the control of unilateral cost standards. It is well understood that materials and technical means, that is, all kinds of decorative materials and facilities, are needed when designing ideas. It is also necessary to follow the principles of architectural aesthetics, because the artistry of interior design, as an "architectural aesthetics", needs to comprehensively consider factors such as use function, structural structure, materials and equipment, and cost standards, in addition to the same aesthetic laws as painting and sculpture. Architectural aesthetics is always associated with practical, technical and economic factors, which is the difference between it and pure art such as painting and sculpture. Modern interior design not only has high artistic requirements, but also involves high technical content, which is closely related to some emerging disciplines, such as ergonomics, environmental psychology, environmental physics and so on. Modern interior design has developed into an independent new discipline in environmental design. This paper analyzes the understanding of the meaning of interior design and its relationship with architectural design from different angles and different emphases. Many scholars have many profound insights, which are worth our serious consideration and reference. For example, they think that interior design "is the continuation and deepening of architectural design and the re-creation of indoor space and environment". It is considered that interior is "the soul of architecture, the connection between man and environment, and the combination of human art and material civilization". Mr. Dai Nianci, a senior architect in China, believes that "the starting point and focus of architectural design is connotative architectural space, and the spatial effect is the goal pursued by architectural art, while interfaces, doors and windows are the necessary subsidiary parts of space. The subordinate part is the material basis of space and plays a decisive role in the perception of the use of connotation space, but it is a subordinate part after all. As for the appearance, it is only the inevitable result of the connotation space. " Plattner, an architect, thinks that interior design is "much more difficult than designing buildings containing these internal spaces" because indoors "you should communicate with people more, study people's psychological factors and how to make them feel comfortable and excited. Experience has proved that this requires more experience and more professional training than dealing with structures and building systems. " Adam, the former president of the American Association of Interior Designers, pointed out that "the work involved in interior design is much broader than simple decoration, and their concerns have extended to all aspects of life, such as the design of houses, offices, hotels and restaurants, improving labor productivity, barrier-free design, compiling fire prevention codes and energy-saving indicators, and improving the efficiency of hospitals, libraries, schools and other public facilities." In a word, it gives comfort and safety to all kinds of people in the indoor environment. E. Banomalieva, a Belarusian architect, believes that interior design is to design "an artificial environment with visual limitations to meet people's physiological and spiritual requirements and ensure the needs of life and production activities", and interior design is also "the interdependence and close combination of function, spatial form, engineering technology and art". The differences and connections between interior decoration, decoration and design, interior decoration or decoration, interior decoration and interior design are several recognized meanings, but their internal meanings are actually different. Interior decoration or decoration: the original meaning of decoration refers to the "decoration" of "the appearance of objects or commodities", focusing on discussing and studying problems from the perspective of appearance and visual art, such as the treatment of indoor floors, walls, ceilings and other interfaces, the selection of decorative materials, and may also include the selection, configuration and design of furniture, lamps, furnishings and sketches. Interior decoration: Finishing has the meaning of final completion. Interior decoration focuses on engineering technology, construction technology and structural practices. As the name implies, it mainly refers to the final decoration of indoor interfaces, doors and windows and partitions after the completion of civil construction. Interior design: as described in this section ... >>

How to reflect on the concept of people-oriented

Reflections on two viewpoints of "people-oriented" and "green design" in design

-Also discuss with colleagues in the design field.

This paper thinks about two hot and controversial topics in the design field, namely, whether design is people-oriented and the direction of green design. The author thinks that "people-oriented" design is a paradox between man and nature, and the design concept of "nature-oriented" can better and more comprehensively express that design must fully adapt to human biological characteristics, that is, human natural attributes; The realization of green design should not stop at the thinking level of how to transform nature, but should change the thinking concept of "human", that is, abandon the thinking concept of "anthropocentrism" and pursue the harmony between man and nature with the help of the wisdom of oriental philosophy.

Keywords: people-oriented design ethics green design

1, design "people-oriented"?

"People-oriented" means that all topics are considered from the basic starting point of people's interests and needs in design, and the results of activities are measured by this standard. In today's design world, people-oriented design has almost become the golden rule.

"People-oriented" originated from western philosophy, especially since Descartes' dichotomy of subject and object was put forward, which put nature on the opposite side of human beings and thought that everything in nature should serve the interests of human beings, and human beings were the center of all things in the universe. The ancient Greek philosopher Prota Glass believed that "man is the standard of all things. Is the standard of all things; Everything that doesn't exist doesn't exist. This is the standard. " Bacon also believes that "man should be the center of the world, and everything in the whole world is serving people harmoniously". It is this "people-oriented" survival logic that has finally created a developed western industrial civilization and a declining consumer culture.

The fundamental purpose of design is to deal with the relationship between people and things. Combined with the disadvantages brought by current industrial activities and consumer culture, the author thinks it is necessary for the design community to reflect and revise the design concept of "people-oriented". Should design be people-oriented? The key is to look at the angle This is a paradox about man and nature. If we talk about design from the perspective of design, there is nothing wrong with the formulation of "people-oriented", but if we talk about "people-oriented" in isolation, there is a danger that design only considers people's own interests and needs, which will lead to misleading and make people go against nature. Especially with the development of the times, with the deepening of human familiarity with nature and self-awareness, human beings are more and more aware that they are a part of nature, and their own strength is so small and powerless in front of nature. The results of ecological research show that human beings belong to nature, while nature does not belong to human beings. From this perspective, the "people-oriented" design concept may be harmful. If we think dialectically about this topic, it may be a better idea to put forward the guiding ideology of "taking nature as the center" or "taking nature as the basis".

Different from western philosophy, an important feature of China's traditional culture is to exaggerate the harmony and unity between man and nature, rather than the opposition between them. In China's philosophical system, the harmonious and dialectical relationship between man and nature has been advocated, that is, "the unity of man and nature", which is the ultimate idea pursued by China's philosophy. The theory of "harmony between man and nature" was first put forward by Confucianism. They think that man and nature are interlinked, and man's kindness and talent will make him know nature wholeheartedly, thus achieving "harmony between heaven and earth". The relationship between "heaven" and "man" here is the relationship between nature and man. Laozi explained in the Tao Te Ching that man is one of the "Four Great" in the universe: "The ancient road is big, the sky is big, the land is big, and the people are big. There are four big ones in the area, one of which is inhabited by human beings. Man's law is based on the earth, the earth is based on the sky, the sky is based on the Tao, and the Tao is natural. " Laozi exaggerated that man is one of the "Four Big" in the universe, and emphasized that man's behavior should conform to the laws of nature.

"Taoism is natural" is the core idea and fundamental law of Laozi's ecological view. It requires "assisting the nature of all things, but not daring to do it", respecting the right of survival of all things, following the nature and laws of all things, assisting and promoting all things, and not daring to act arbitrarily. Zhuangzi in the later period of Taoism thought that "Heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me", and man and heaven are inherently integrated, but the subjective distinction of man destroys the same. He advocated the elimination of all differences and the integration of man and nature, which in modern language means that man should be integrated with nature. It can be seen that human beings, as the essence of the universe, are "people are also big" and are equal members of it, and cannot be above the earth, heaven and Tao. Man is not the standard of all things in the universe, let alone their legislators, masters and conquerors, but should maintain the harmony of all things in nature. & gt

What planning concept should we learn from and adhere to the principle of "people-oriented, learning from nature"

Draw lessons from xiong'an new area's planning concept, adhere to "people-oriented, learn from nature, be upright and innovative, climb high and look far"

What does the design concept mean?

Design concept is the dominant idea established by designers in the process of conceiving space works, which endows the works with cultural connotation and style characteristics. Good design concept is very important, which is not only the essence of design, but also makes the works personalized, professional and distinctive. Since the development of environmental art, the characteristics of multiculturalism are particularly obvious. The design concept must be people-oriented, aiming at the characteristics of customers' age, occupation, hobbies and cultural level, and according to their subjective personal preferences, "it varies from person to person".

Spatial expression means that designers convey a specific emotional message to users through various spatial forms, modeling colors and atmosphere creation. If a person has no expression, life will be dull. If there is no expression in space, our living environment will become a colorless world, not to mention environmental art. People's expressions are joy, anger, sadness and joy, while the expressions in space are warm, warm, quiet, flat, cold, concise, simple, natural and gorgeous, which can be described as rich and colorful. Every spatial expression has a specific meaning for users, which not only satisfies users' psychological demands, but also conveys unique artistic aesthetic information. The determination of design concept directly affects the interpretation of spatial expression. With a good design concept, we can have a design scheme that objectively expresses customers' subjective demands, thus creating the concept space expression that customers expect; And a spatial expression that makes customers feel * * * can also verify the rationality and feasibility of the designer's design concept to the maximum extent, and it is also the embodiment of the success of the design work. Therefore, the environmental art works designed by designers are like a chef cooking a delicious meal. Whether to make a Chinese-style Manchu banquet or a western-style French dinner must be decided at the beginning, otherwise the style and taste can be imagined.

Why should ergonomics and design be people-oriented? 30 points

Ergonomics is the theoretical basis of people-oriented design.

Chen Changya (excerpt)

Ergonomics is a science about the harmonious relationship between technology and people. First of all, it is an idea, which takes people who use products as the starting point of product design, and requires that the appearance, color and performance of products should be designed around people's physiological and psychological characteristics. Then there are a series of knowledge bases and research methods, whose knowledge bases come from engineering psychology, preventive medicine, technical aesthetics, anthropometry and so on. The research methods include natural observation, interviews and questionnaires, field or laboratory comparison and testing, and relevant statistical analysis. Then there are design techniques, including design criteria, standards, computer-aided design software and so on. These design technologies are combined with other technologies and manufacturing technologies in specific fields to form ergonomic products, which make users work and live more healthily, efficiently and happily.

First, the meaning of ergonomics

Ergonomics is a science that analyzes and studies the interaction between human and machinery, human and environment, machinery and environment on the basis of human physiological and psychological characteristics, and provides theories and methods for designing an engineering system that is simple, labor-saving, safe and comfortable, and the cooperation between human, machine and environment reaches the best state. Therefore, ergonomics can be defined as the science of designing and improving man-machine-environment system according to human characteristics.

Ergonomics is an interdisciplinary subject. Research methods and evaluation methods involve psychology, physiology, medicine, aesthetics, anthropometry and engineering technology. The purpose of the research is to guide the design and transformation of working tools, working methods and working environment through the application of knowledge in various disciplines. There are many similarities between ergonomics and industrial design in basic ideas and work contents: the basic theory of ergonomics "product design should be suitable for people's physiological and psychological factors" and the basic concept of industrial design "the products created should meet people's material and cultural needs at the same time" have basically the same meaning, but the emphasis is slightly different; Both industrial design and ergonomics study the relationship between people and things, and the interface between people and things. Because industrial design has incorporated more cultural factors such as the pursuit of beauty in the historical development, the field of work also includes visual communication design, and ergonomics is widely used in labor and management science, which is the difference between the two.

Because ergonomics comes from different disciplines and fields, and it is faced with research and application in a wider field, there are many classification methods of ergonomics. We are familiar with ergonomics, environmental ergonomics, system ergonomics, computer ergonomics, packaging ergonomics, social ergonomics, safety ergonomics and psychological ergonomics in product design.

Second, the research content of ergonomics

The central problem of ergonomics research is to optimize the man-machine relationship and take human factors as an important parameter in product design, thus providing new theoretical basis and methods for product design.

The main content of ergonomics research is "man-machine-environment" system, referred to as man-machine system. Man, machine and environment, which constitute the "three elements" of man-machine system, can be regarded as three independent subsystems in man-machine system, belonging to the research fields of behavioral science, technical science and environmental science respectively. According to the first law of systematics, the whole attribute of a system is not equal to the simple addition of its parts, and its specific situation depends on the organizational structure of the system and the degree of cooperation within the system. Therefore, the study of ergonomics should not only study the attributes of subsystems of human, machine and environment, but also study the overall structure and attributes of man-machine system, so as to make the whole system safe and efficient, and have a high degree of comfort and life support function for people. The ultimate goal is to make the comprehensive use efficiency of the system the highest.

Third, the application field of ergonomics

1, accident, health and safety field

2. The field of human work behavior anatomy and anthropometry.

3. Cognitive ergonomics and complex task areas

4. The field of computer software ergonomics

5. Computer terminal: field of design and layout

6. Display and control layout design field

7. Control room design field

8, the field of environmental ergonomics

9. Expert demonstration: the field of multi-working environment

10, the field of man-machine interface design and evaluation

1 1, the field of human reliability

12, industrial design application field

13, industrial/commercial workspace design field

14, Management and Ergonomics ... >; & gt

What planning concept should we learn from, adhere to people-oriented and learn from nature?

Draw lessons from xiong'an new area's planning concept, adhere to "people-oriented, learn from nature, be upright and innovative, climb high and look far"