Stephen Hawking 1942 1.8 was born in Oxford, England. This is a special day. Galileo, the founder of modern science, died on the same day 300 years ago.
Hawking went to Cambridge University for postgraduate study after graduating from Oxford University. At this time, he was diagnosed as "Luger's disease" and soon became completely paralyzed. 1985 Hawking underwent tracheal surgery for pneumonia. After that, he couldn't speak at all, and he could only talk to people with a small dialogue machine and a speech synthesizer installed in a wheelchair. Reading must rely on a page turning machine. When reading a document, you need to ask someone to spread every page on a big table, and then he will read it page by page in a wheelchair like a silkworm eating mulberry leaves. ...
It is in this incredible difficulty that Hawking became a world-recognized giant in gravitational physics. Hawking is a Luxun professor of mathematics at Cambridge University. His black hole evaporation theory and quantum cosmology not only shocked natural science, but also had a far-reaching impact on philosophy and religion.
From the singularity of BIGBANG to the radiation mechanism of black holes, Hawking has made outstanding contributions to the development of quantum cosmology. His goal is to solve the "first thrust" problem that has been puzzling mankind since Newton. His model of the universe is a finite four-dimensional space-time with no boundary-without the first thrust of God, the evolution of the universe depends entirely on the laws of physics.
Intriguingly, Hawking's cosmology makes God have nowhere to live, but the Vatican still pays tribute to him. After admitting the mistake of Galileo's trial, the Vatican Academy of Sciences elected Hawking as an academician. Neither secular prejudice nor theological authority can stop the spread of science.
Hawking firmly believes that the basic ideas about the origin and destiny of the universe can be stated without mathematics, and people without professional training can understand them. In his popular speech, he vividly explained to the audience that the design of "using the speed of light to enter from a' black hole' and travel from a' white hole' to another part of the universe to transform time and space" is an interesting scientific fantasy, but it is difficult to realize in reality. After several years of hard writing and revision, a popular science book about cosmology, A Brief History of Time, was officially published in April 1988. The book guides readers to explore the strange areas of outer space such as distant galaxies, black holes, quarks, grand unified theory, "seasoning" particles and "rotating" particles, antimatter and "arrow of time". A Brief History of Time has published 5.5 million copies in 33 languages. Nowadays in the west, people who claim to be educated will be looked down upon if they have not read this book.
The doctor has diagnosed Hawking as terminally ill, and he can only live for two years. The main reason why he can support today and achieve impressive results is that he has a strong sense of mission and an extremely strong will. Hawking's life is a record of human willpower and a miracle created by scientific spirit.
Life desk calendar
1942 65438+/kloc-0 was born in Cambridge on October 8th.
The family moved to St. Albans on 1950.
1959 Entering Oxford University
1962 graduated from Oxford and went to Cambridge for postgraduate study.
1963 was diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
From 65438 to 0965, she got a doctorate from Cambridge University and married Jenny Wilder.
The eldest son Robert was born.
Daughter Lucy was born/started to use a wheelchair.
1973 published the first book "The Structure of Time and Space".
1974 announced the discovery of black hole radiation and became a member of the Royal Society.
1977 was appointed Professor of Gravitational Physics at Cambridge University.
The second son, Timothy, was born in 1979/ and was appointed Lucas Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University/published Review of General Relativity: Commemorating Einstein's Centennial Birthday.
198 1 year, he attended the Vatican cosmology conference, announced the publication of borderless ideas/hyperspace and supergravity/was awarded the Senior Knight Order of the British Empire.
He fell ill in Switzerland on 1985/underwent tracheotomy and lost his language ability. He published A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to the Black Hole in 1988 with a computer with a sound generator/and won the Wolf Foundation Award.
1989 was awarded the title of honorary knight of the British Empire.
1990 Divorce with his wife
199 1 time brief history release.
1993 "black hole and baby universes" and other papers were published.
Yuan Longping:
Yuan Longping, male, 1930 was born in Beijing in September, and 1953 graduated from the Agricultural Department of Southwest Agricultural College. I have been engaged in agricultural education and hybrid rice research since graduation.
1980- 198 1 went to the United States as the technical director of the international rice research institute. 1982 served as the deputy head of the national hybrid rice expert advisory group. 199 1 was hired as the chief international consultant of FAO. 1995 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering. 197 1 onwards, researcher of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vice chairman of Hunan CPPCC, member of CPPCC Standing Committee, director of National Hybrid Rice Engineering and Technology Research Center.
Academician Yuan Longping is a world-famous hybrid rice expert, a pioneer and leader in the field of hybrid rice research in China, and has made outstanding contributions to the development of grain production and agricultural science in China. His main achievement is in the research, application and popularization of hybrid rice.
In the early 1970s, Yuan Longping used the "wild abortion" of natural male sterility discovered by his assistant as the sterile material of hybrid rice, and published the viewpoint of using the heterosis of rice, which broke the forbidden area of self-pollinated crop breeding in the world. In the mid-1970s, the scientific and technological research team headed by him completed the three-line matching, successfully cultivated hybrid rice, and achieved a historic breakthrough in hybrid rice. At present, China's excellent hybrid rice varieties have accounted for 50% of the country's rice planting area, with an average increase of 20%. Since then, he put forward the development concept of "utilization of heterosis between subspecies of two-line method" Accordingly, the national "863" plan listed the double-line method as an important project. After six years' hard research by the scientific and technical personnel of the project team, we have mastered the two-line method and popularized planting, which has now accounted for 10% of the rice area, with good results.
1997, based on the international concept of "super rice", he put forward the technical route of "super high-yield breeding of hybrid rice", which achieved good results in the experimental field, with an yield of nearly 800 kilograms per mu and excellent quality of japonica rice, which attracted great attention from the world. It laid a foundation for further solving the problem of large-scale and large-scale rice yield increase.
With the joint efforts of agricultural science and technology workers all over the country, more than 3.5 billion mu of hybrid rice was planted from 1976 to 1999, increasing the rice yield by 350 billion kilograms. In recent years, the annual planting area of hybrid rice in China is about 230 million mu, accounting for about 50% of the total rice area, and the output accounts for nearly 60% of the total rice output. The annual increase of rice can feed 60 million people, which has remarkable social and economic benefits.
Academician Yuan Longping loves the motherland and has a high moral character. His achievements and contributions have aroused strong repercussions at home and abroad. The research achievement of hybrid rice has won the only special invention award in China so far. And has won many international awards such as UNESCO and FAO. Although Yuan Longping is 70 years old, he is still active in the front line of scientific research and production practice as always, and has been conducting research, experiments and applications.
Bill Gates:
Bill Gates is the president of Microsoft Software Company and one of the richest people in the world. Gates and paul allen founded Microsoft in 197, although Allen left the company in 1983. Gates supervised the invention and marketing of MS-DOS operating system, Windows operating interface, Internet Explorer browser and many other popular computer products. Along the way, he won the reputation of fierce competition and positive business mind. In the1990s, the rise of Microsoft stock price made Gates the richest man in the world. His wealth sometimes exceeds $75 billion, which makes Gates a popular symbol of the emerging computer geek at the end of the 20th century.
Bonus: Gates married Melinda French, a Microsoft employee, on 1 year/month 1 994. The couple have three children: their daughters Jennifer Catherine (born in 1996) and Phoebe Adele (born in 2002), and their son Rory John (born in 1999) ... The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation initiated by Gates personally focuses on global health issues, especially the prevention of malaria and malaria in poor countries. In 2005, ABC news reported that he had donated more than $6 billion in the previous five years.
How about Chinese food?
William gates is the founder, former chairman and CEO of Microsoft, the world's leading PC software provider. Gates' net worth is $56.4 billion.
Gates was born in 1955, and he grew up in Seattle with two sisters. Their father, william gates, is a lawyer in Seattle. Their late mother, mary gates, was a middle school teacher, a member of the Board of Directors of the University of Washington, and the chairman of the United International Road Organization.
Gates studied in public elementary schools and private lakeside middle schools in Seattle, where he began his career in personal computer software, and began to write computer programs at the age of 13.
1973, in his first year at Harvard University, Gates lived on the same floor as the current Microsoft President steve ballmer. During his stay at Harvard, Gates developed BAS IC programming language for MITSAltair, the first microcomputer. BASIC language is a computer language developed by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz of Dartmouth College in the mid-1960s.
In the third grade, Gates dropped out of Harvard and joined Microsoft, which was founded with his childhood friend paul allen on 1975. They are convinced that personal computers will be a very valuable tool for every office desktop system and every family, and under the guidance of this belief, they began to develop software for personal computers.
Gates' foresight and insight into personal computers has always been the key to the success of Microsoft and the software industry. Gates actively participated in the key management and strategic decision of Microsoft, and played an important role in the technical development of new products. He spends quite a lot of time meeting customers and keeping in touch with Microsoft employees all over the world by email.
Under the leadership of Gates, Microsoft's mission is to constantly improve and improve software technology, so that people can use computers more easily, economically and effectively. Microsoft has a long-term development strategy, which can be reflected in its R&D investment of $2.6 billion this fiscal year.
From 65438 to 0995, Gates wrote The Road to the Future, in which he believed that information technology would promote social progress. The authors of this book include Na than Myhrvold, Chief Technology Officer of Microsoft Corporation, and PeterRinearson. It ranked first in The New York Times bestseller list for seven consecutive weeks, and stayed on the list for 18 weeks.
The Road to the Future has been published in more than 20 countries and sold more than 400,000 copies in China alone. 1996, in order to make full use of the new business opportunities brought by the internet, Gates made a strategic adjustment to Microsoft, and at the same time made a comprehensive revision of the road to the future. In the new edition, he thinks the interactive network is an important milestone in the history of human communication. The second edition of paperback is also on the bestseller list. Gates donated the income from his manuscript fee to a non-profit fund to support teachers around the world who combine computers with teaching.
Besides computer complex, Gates is also interested in biotechnology. He is ICOS, Chiroscience Group and Chiro Scientist &; Company d? Used to be a shareholder of DarwinMolecular. He also founded Corbis, which is developing one of the largest visual information resources in the world, providing comprehensive digital documents for public and private art and photography collections around the world. Gates also invested in Teledesic with Craig McCaw, the pioneer of cellular telephone. The company has ambitious plans to launch hundreds of low-Earth orbit satellites to provide two-way broadband telecommunications services to the world.
In the 12 years since Microsoft went public, Gates has donated more than 800 million dollars to charities, including 200 million dollars to the Gates Library Foundation, to help major libraries in North America make better use of various new technologies brought by the information age. From 65438 to 0994, Gates founded the William H Gates Foundation, which sponsored a series of activities of interest to Gates himself and his family. Gates donated four key areas: education, world public health and population issues, non-profit public art institutions and a regional investment plan-Puget Sound.
Gates 1994 65438+ 10 1 married Melinda French gates, and they have a child, Jennifer Katharine Gates, who was born in 1996. Gates is an avid reader and likes playing golf and bridge.