As parents, they know their children's health like the back of their hands. If the temperature is higher than 37 degrees, it means a fever. If you know that your body has a wound, you need to clean it in time to prevent infection. You know that eating more high-calorie food will affect your physical development. However, loving and patient parents often lack common sense about their children's brains, just as we often say, "We don't understand the children's world", so we need to have a deep understanding of the wiring and development law of children's brains.
Photos of newborn babies
Brain connection
Three months old
Brain connection
A two-year-old child
Brain connection
Adults need to know what children's brains are thinking. What shapes our brains? Experience. Even in old age, experience is still changing the physiological structure of the brain. Every experience will activate some brain cells, which are neurons. When neurons are activated together, they can establish new connections with each other. This is what I said before. "Once neurons are activated, the brain will be rewired." So adults can't hit children, especially on the head. Because this may cause damage to the physiological mechanism of the child's brain. Once the brain is damaged, people will encounter obstacles in the physiological mechanism, and there is little hope of how to make efforts through education the day after tomorrow.
Therefore, children's brains are constantly "wiring" and "rewiring", eventually forming children's brain structure. In the early days, if we give our children proper food, sleep and stimulation, the basic structure of the brain will develop well. I want to talk about some ways to cultivate children's way of thinking from the following four aspects:
one
Games and children's development
Game is an ancient social and cultural phenomenon. It can be said that there have been games since human beings, and there is a unique game period in preschool period. Games are caused by a strong desire to explore or learn, and games are accompanied by happy and positive emotions, so games can cause children to further explore and learn more, which is why the guide mentions that children's daily activities are curriculum education, which can inspire us to take games as a way of education and teaching.
I think of Music Cat-Orff Music, which was just released this year. It is a musical cat from Mozart University of Music in Salzburg, Germany. Children-centered early music education has been popular in Germany and Austria for nearly a hundred years. It brings endless fun to children. As Andrew Filit, an educator, said, "Children's Play through Education" has laid a solid foundation for the development of children's thinking ability, language expression ability, inquiry ability and music ability through continuous games.
As we all know, children can cultivate their basic abilities from games, and the children who can play have a significantly higher EQ. They can learn how to get along with others in group game interaction and complete their socialization. When children play, imagination is playing, and imagination is the foundation of creativity. As an imaginary or pretend behavior, games can let children deal with things that are beyond their abilities in real life (which may be restricted or oppressed by adults) in their own way, but what they can't do is of special significance to children. Therefore, the game is also an important part of the process of children's personality construction, and it is also a constructive spiral learning method.
I remember once having dinner with a friend, she said to me, "I bought a box of toys made of straws for my children, and the children made them according to the models in the instructions." The children showed me their works cheerfully, and I replied, "You should use your brains and build your own works." So I asked, "How did the child react? My friend replied, "I just walked away." "Parents often ask too much of their children, don't follow the laws of children's development, and don't understand the integration and connection of children's brains. According to psychological theory, imitation is the most basic way of learning in the animal kingdom and the most important means of learning for human beings. Children are in the stage of learning, growing up and imitating, and have strong curiosity, imitation and plasticity, so we need to actively guide and affirm their imitation behavior, which is in line with their psychological characteristics and development laws.
two
Physical Education and Children's Development
Kaga Xiufu (1968), Singer.R.N.( 1970) and others published research results that:
1. A healthy body is the material basis of intellectual development.
A healthy body, especially the well-functioning central nervous system, cardiopulmonary system and sensory organs, is the necessary material basis for intellectual development. Proper physical exercise is conducive to improving children's health, especially for the cardiopulmonary system and the central nervous system. It can improve heart function, accelerate blood circulation and improve oxygen supply to the brain. It is conducive to improving the working efficiency of the brain nervous system and providing preconditions for children's intellectual activities.
Children who cross obstacles,
Constantly summon up courage to challenge yourself.
2. Physical exercise and brain function.
The central nerve of the brain is connected with peripheral nerves that extend to muscles in all parts of the body. The movement of the body is realized by the muscle activities controlled by nerves; At the same time, the activity of terminal muscles will also stimulate the central nervous system of the brain in turn through this neural connection. Therefore, muscle activity in various parts of the body has two functions: one is to promote the development of muscle tissue function, and the other is to promote the development of nervous system. Many experimental studies have also proved that letting children often carry out hand activities can effectively stimulate and develop many areas on the cerebral cortex, which is of positive significance to the development of children's intelligence. It is also beneficial to the development of intelligence to let infants often engage in crawling activities.
Friendship first, competition second,
Enjoy the fun of participating in peer competition.
Many experts say that when people exercise, they will stimulate the secretion of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine, which are the key to promoting nerve connection. Exercise makes the brain work faster. Experiments on mice show that the hippocampus responsible for memory in exercise mice is 15% larger and weighs 9% more than that in non-exercise mice, and the dendrites and synapses of nerve cells increase by 25%.
3. Sports ability and personality characteristics
2065 438+08-2065 438+09 participated in the training of brain science expert Professor Maebashi and his team in Waseda University, Japan. They made a detailed study on the relationship among children's personality, intelligence and athletic ability. They finally found that children who like sports are more cheerful, have strong judgment and are decisive.
Physical exercise, complete successfully.
An independent skill: dribbling and hitting the ball.
three
Reading and Child Development
Reading makes children "calm down" and look at the world profoundly, which is an infinite extension of children's intellectual development. Reading is also internalizing other people's experience into your own experience, and learning infinite knowledge with limited life. Brain science research has found that the plasticity of the brain is lifelong, and people are constantly reshaping their brains because of new experiences all their lives.
Therefore, how will reading be integrated into the theme of IB exploration and how to combine it with children's daily life? Our teacher made such a plan according to the development guide for children aged 3-6 and the order of IB subject scope:
Practice shows that reading a lot of extracurricular books is the real way to increase reading ability. Letting children read a lot of extracurricular books will increase a person's background knowledge, which determines what children see.
Look! The kindergarten library has more than 4,000 books, which provides children with a lot of reading materials and a good reading environment.
A corner of the library
Children who are collecting information.
Happy reading
four
The relaxed environment gives children unlimited possibilities.
Environment plays an important role in children's development. Children's favorite environment is familiar, innovative and natural. The creation of environment must consider the age characteristics of children and create a safe, inspiring, participatory and changeable environment. In the creation of kindergarten environment, we should try our best to provide children with a familiar environment that is consistent with their life experience, so that children can eliminate their strangeness to the surrounding environment and like to be involved in such an environment.
Go hiking in the botanical garden
Children are always particularly sensitive and interested in the innovative environment. They all want to see, listen, touch, touch and ask about innovative things. At this time, their thinking activities and exploration spirit are also at their best. If teachers can seize the opportunity to inspire and induce children, children can actively and continuously obtain information. Innovative environment can attract children and improve their initiative and enthusiasm for learning. If children are always in a monotonous environment, they will lose interest in their surroundings. Therefore, in the process of creating an environment, children should be fully educated first, and then a unique and interesting environment should be created to provide lively activities. For example, children have a high enthusiasm for labor and are keen to imitate all kinds of labor of adults. However, because they are young, weak and have little knowledge and experience, they can't really work like adults. Therefore, we set up "small baking room", "small plantation" and "doll house" for children, so that they can practice or reproduce their wishes that are difficult to realize in life through specific situations in this novel environment. This kind of education can not only give children a lot of information, but also arouse their initiative and enthusiasm in participating in activities. As long as they have energy, they spend a lot of physical strength and energy on activities almost every day. Such as climbing fences, climbing grass slopes, playing football, running back and forth, riding bicycles, hiking and so on. Children always like to understand and participate in the environment through their own sports.
Riding a bike on campus
Jiaxing experimental kindergarten affiliated to Peking University: Lou Peihong