☆☆☆☆ Short answer-What aspects does the school environment include? What should we pay attention to in design? ☆

1, physical environment.

The environmental factors that have great influence on the teaching activities mainly include air, temperature, light, color, sound and building materials in the learning environment.

A, the fresh air in the classroom can make people awake and happy, thus improving teaching efficiency; If the air is dirty, it is easy to make people dizzy and greatly reduce the teaching efficiency.

B, when using the brain, you need to have appropriate light intensity.

C. Keeping the temperature of the brain environment appropriate can improve the brain's ability to process information and solve problems.

A. color also plays an important role in promoting people's intelligence. Light green and light blue can calm people, easily eliminate fatigue and improve brain efficiency. Crimson and deep yellow can strongly stimulate people, make the brain excited, and then tend to inhibit. Color also determines children's reaction to the learning environment.

B, in addition, often being in an audio environment above 70 decibels will make people dizzy and weak, reduce their excitability, reduce their memory, and lose their concentration. The efficiency of using the brain will be significantly reduced. But the sound with moderate volume and pleasant voice can make people feel relaxed and happy; Make people enter a state of intellectual activity.

2. Various teaching facilities.

Different shapes, colors, indoor and outdoor decorative arrangements of school buildings, including campus greening, classroom desk and chair arrangement, etc. , will have an impact on the mental outlook of teachers and students, teaching emotions and even teaching quality.

The design of classroom windows is a frequently discussed factor in school design, especially in the design of primary school classrooms. Research shows that students prefer classrooms with windows, but windows also bring some worries to teachers, because windows will distract students' attention, especially primary school students, who have weak self-control and are easily attracted by novelty outside the window.

Classroom design:

1, the size of class and school.

2. Design of classroom seats.

Short answer-what kind of classroom seats are designed, and briefly describe the relationship between seats and academic performance.

The traditional layout of classroom space is paddy field, which is suitable for the influence of classroom. Classroom desks and chairs can be horseshoe-shaped or rectangular, which can increase communication between students and teachers and reduce the sense of distance between teachers and students. Students sitting in the middle of the classroom usually get high marks, and their grades gradually decline as the seats deviate from the center of the classroom. If students are allowed to choose their own seats, the choices of different students are related to their learning goals, academic performance and status in the class. Students who choose to sit in the front row usually get good grades. Women prefer to sit in the front row of the classroom than men. When students sit in the front row, or their seats are close to the teacher, they can improve their classroom participation.

3. Open classroom.

Short answer-What are the advantages and disadvantages of an open classroom?

An open classroom is similar to an open office. It is a classroom without partition walls and doors. Usually, the classroom is divided into several areas of interest. Teaching activities have no fixed structure, and students carry out activities according to their own interests.

Advantages: A. Open classroom, personal space needs are met, communication between teachers and students is increased, construction cost of open classroom is low, and cleaning and maintenance are convenient.

B, the flexibility and relative freedom of the open classroom can reduce students' weariness of learning and improve their learning motivation.

Disadvantages: A, there are many irrelevant interferences, and privacy is not protected. B, students spend more time communicating with each other than studying. A lot of time is spent wandering aimlessly, preparing for new tasks.

In a word, the existing research results show that the open classroom is noisy and has more irrelevant interference. As a learning environment, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages.

4. The design of playground;

Try to compare people of different ages' preferences for traditional, modern and adventure playgrounds.

1. The traditional playground includes some familiar facilities, such as swings, slides, horizontal bars and pommel horses.

Modern amusement parks include all kinds of modern facilities, and many designs imitating nature, such as fountains and beaches, have been added. This type of playground is not only multifunctional, but also designed from an aesthetic point of view.

3. Adventure playground, also known as "garbage playground", generally has no buildings, allowing children to plant flowers and plants or change the natural landscape at will in a vast area;

Adventure playground also provides some facilities for children, but they are all non-traditional, such as tires, plywood, mounds, digging tools, brushes and fuel.

Preschool children mostly choose traditional playing tag, while school-age children aged 6- 13 are more inclined to take risks in playing tag, and children of this age are the protagonists in any type of playground; Teenagers are the second most active group in adventure parks. The types of amusement parks chosen by adults are mainly traditional and modern.

Brief answer-factors that should be considered in library design.

1. Multiple functions of the library.

One of the most prominent problems in university library is the design of study room and reading room, because many designs either overuse the only area or underuse it, wasting resources.

To change the waste of library space resources, we should set the study room and reading area in other areas of the school, while the library is dedicated to storing books and some learning materials. But for students, this design of the library means changing their learning style, which is very inconvenient. The library should be the place where students finish their school homework. The catalogue retrieval room should be designed near the entrance of the library.

2. Lighting.

Lighting is an important part of the library environment. Too strong or too weak light is not conducive to readers' reading and learning. In the library, light transmission, light reflection and scattered light can be used to improve the light environment and create a visual environment for readers. For example, in design, the side wall can be recessed inward to form a U-shaped trilateral side wall technology. Windows are also an important factor when studying the lighting environment of the library.

3. Material and texture.

Materials (wood, glass, etc. ) has different textures (hard, smooth and sincere) and can be used in library design. Different building materials, different materials and textures can produce different visual effects and correspondingly produce different feelings in people's psychology.

The wooden reading table can give people a soothing and intimate feeling. Using transparent materials such as glass curtain wall as the partition between reading room and catalogue hall can give people a transparent, tall and profound feeling. In short, the library should be neat, elegant, natural and harmonious when it is decorated, so that readers can feel that reading in it is a kind of enjoyment.

4. Hearing environment.

Quiet or relaxed music environment can make readers have a good mood, while noisy environment will destroy readers' mood and mood, which is not conducive to learning. Attention should be paid to the factors that affect the auditory environment, such as the location of the library, the diversion and management of readers, etc.

5. The direction and signpost of the library.

An important problem to be solved in library design is to help readers find their orientation and provide them with more information about library orientation. Design should only mark the key directions and reduce overly detailed road signs. It is effective to use special colors as direction indicators. But if too many colors are used to represent different places, it may also cause confusion in the sense of direction.

An excellent library-oriented design should make readers feel that they have the ability to control the environment. The quality of road sign design not only facilitates readers, but also frees library service personnel from boring work. )

Short answer-illustrate the importance of landmarks in the design of museums or exhibition halls with examples.

Schools take learning as their main task, while museums and exhibition halls combine learning with entertainment.

Guidance in museums and exhibition halls is an important link in design. The essential feature of museums and exhibition halls is the complexity of orientation, because their purpose is to display as many exhibits with good road signs as possible, such as a map and route description of an exhibition venue, so that visitors can visit more conveniently and comprehensively. (noun-export preference:) When people see an exhibition hall, they usually turn right when they go out and continue to visit another exhibition hall. This phenomenon is called "export preference". Because of export preference, most people only saw part of the exhibits.

☆☆☆☆ Short answer-What is museum fatigue? Try to illustrate how to avoid it in design with examples. ☆

Noun-museum fatigue: Robinson believes that museum fatigue is a common experience for everyone who has visited the museum. He pointed out that museum fatigue is not only caused by physical fatigue, but also by maintaining a high concentration for a long time. It is caused by psychological saturation, boredom and physical fatigue.

Solution:

You can take "interrupt access". It refers to the change in the presentation of exhibits, such as an oil painting exhibition, which can show some sculptures or reduce the number of exhibits. Because for art lovers, a small number of exhibits are enough to occupy their attention span and satisfy them.

In addition, Thomson believes that Robinson's observation shows that if some natural things can be inserted during the visit to play a regulatory role, it may be more helpful to reduce the fatigue of the museum, that is, "cognitive rest", which can make visitors focus on different things for a long time and relax their attention to similar stimuli, which will be more conducive to the acquisition and memory of knowledge.