Zhang Sheng, male, born in Yang Chun, Guangdong Province, holds a bachelor's degree in literature and a master's degree in history. At present, he is a professor, master tutor, doctoral tutor and member of the History and Literature Society of Beijing Normal University. His main research interests are historical philology and the history of Ming and Qing Dynasties. He has published two monographs, compiled many reference books, sorted out ancient books and published more than 50 papers. Research projects include: Political Trends of Scholar-officials in the South of the Yangtze River in Ming and Qing Dynasties (Young Teachers Fund Project of Beijing Normal University, 1998-2000), and Research on the Palace Book Collection in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (Tenth Five-Year Plan Project of Beijing Social Sciences, 2002-2004). The research topics mainly focus on: Yongle Grand Ceremony, Division of Learning, Book Communication, and Scholar-officials in Ming and Qing Dynasties.