First aid for burns \x0d\ x0d \ 1. Estimation of burn depth \ x0d \ Burns are generally divided into first degree burns, second degree burns and third degree burns; \ x0d \ degree burns and scalds are characterized by redness, swelling, heat and pain, sensitive sensation, dry surface without blisters and no skin damage. \x0d\ Shallow second-degree burns are characterized by severe pain, sensitivity and blisters. After the blister falls off, the wound is evenly red and edema is obvious. \x0d\ Deep second-degree burns are characterized by insensitive sensation, with or without blisters, pale base, occasional red spots, moist wound surface, pain during plucking, and normal anatomical structure of hair roots. After a few days, if there is no infection, reticular embolism may occur. \ x0d \ degree burns and scalds are manifested as: the skin pain disappears, it is inelastic, dry and without blisters, such as leather, waxy white, brown or carbonized; Pulling out hair is painless, and there is no normal anatomical structure of hair roots. After a few days, a large number of dendritic embolic vessels may appear. [2]\x0d\ II。 Emergency treatment of burns and scalds \x0d\ If you have just been burned or scalded, you can cool the wound, prevent the damage of residual heat to the deep tissue of the skin and relieve the pain. \x0d\ Treatment method: \x0d\ 1. Washing the wound with white wine only needs ordinary white wine (20~50 degrees white wine, no alcohol), which can quickly absorb the residual heat of burns; \x0d\2。 If there is no wine, you can wash rice with pure water and wash the wound with water for the second time to cool down; \x0d\3。 Or rinse with cold boiled water to cool down. \x0d\ All three methods can be used, so please choose the most convenient method according to the situation. But please remember: you can't wash or soak the wound with raw cold water, otherwise it will cause hot poison soaking, which will cause skin ulceration, aggravate the injury and greatly increase the chance of leaving scars. \x0d\ Treatment of first-degree burns and scalds: \ x0d \ If you have aloe at home, you can apply aloe juice to the wound, which can play a therapeutic role; If not, you can go to the drugstore to buy some Wanhua oil or burn ointment, but these are medicines for superficial burns and scalds, which are only suitable for first-degree burns. Deep burns require the use of professional burn drugs. Treatment of second-degree burns and scalds: \x0d\ 1. First, use the above cooling method to cool the injured part; \x0d\2。 If there are foreign bodies in the wound, be careful to remove them when cleaning the wound with rice washing water for the second time. If there is any burn medicine, use it in time. If there is no treatment for first-degree burns, the injury can be alleviated. Then send it to the hospital for treatment or find a professional burn medicine. \x0d\4。 Severe burns and scalds should not be bandaged. Exposure therapy is beneficial to the recovery of injury, which can speed up the recovery and reduce the chance of leaving scars. \x0d\5。 If there are signs of fever, you need to take antipyretics; If you feel thirsty, you need to take light salt water orally to replenish water; If the wound is inflamed, antibiotics can be used to reduce inflammation, such as cefalexin, erythromycin and gentamicin. \x0d\ Second-degree scald belongs to severe scald, and the skin is blistered or desquamated, and the desquamated part will ooze liquid, which is easy to infect and cause wound inflammation, so it needs careful treatment. A large area of second-degree burns will dehydrate the human body. If you feel thirsty, you need to take light salt water orally or go to the hospital for infusion treatment. People with severe burns will have fever or even shock, so they should go to the hospital for infusion in time, otherwise their lives will be in danger. Second degree burns should be cleaned every morning and evening. You can wash rice with pure water for the second time, or you can use warm water or light salt water (it is recommended to wash rice for the second time, which is good for recovery from injury). If there is no fever or shock, you can apply skin oil and scald medicine 3~4 times a day, and wash the wound with rice for the second time in the morning and evening, which can get effective treatment. \x0d\ Note: \x0d\ It is forbidden to wash or soak the wound with raw cold water, so as to avoid skin festering and leaving scars due to soaking in hot poison. \x0d\ Adjust diet while taking medication: avoid spicy food (such as pepper and wine). ) and high-calorie foods (such as mutton and dog meat). ), and eat more high-protein foods, especially drink more liquid and easily absorbed foods such as crucian carp soup, black fish soup and milk, which is conducive to the growth of wound cells and accelerate healing. \x0d\ Treatment of third-degree burns: \x0d\ The treatment of third-degree burns can refer to the treatment of second-degree burns, but it is necessary to continuously pay attention to the physical condition of the injured person, especially to supplement light salt water and observe the body temperature. If you find something abnormal and can't handle it, you should go to the hospital for infusion treatment in time to avoid life-threatening. \x0d\ III。 Calculation of burn area \x0d\ 1, adult new nine-point method \x0d\ head and neck 9% (hair 3%, face 3%, neck 3%), upper limbs 18% (upper arms 7%, forearms 6%, hands 5%). \x0d\2。 Calculation method of children's area \x0d\ Children's head area is relatively large, and their lower limbs are relatively small, which needs to be corrected by the following formula: \x0d\ Head and neck area =9+( 12- age) %\x0d\ upper limb area 18%\x0d\ trunk. \x0d\ When calculating the area of burns and scalds, the nine-point method is used for large-area burns and scalds, the palm method is used for scattered burns and scalds, and the total area of burns and scalds is added.