Water pollution: The pollution of water bodies by farms is mainly organic pollution, microbial pollution and toxic and harmful substances pollution. Farming sewage is directly discharged into ditches or open waters without harmless treatment. Because these sewage are rich in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), it is easy to cause eutrophication pollution. High-concentration sewage is discharged into rivers, which leads to the continuous deterioration of water quality. Sewage has a great influence on the production and life of surrounding farmers, and some of it has posed a serious threat to centralized drinking water sources;
Air pollution: Livestock manure will produce a lot of harmful gases such as ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, dung odor and methane after fermentation, which will not only destroy the ecology, but also directly affect human health. Harmful gases can enter the respiratory tract, causing respiratory diseases such as cough, bronchitis and bronchitis, which not only threatens the safety of the farm, but also endangers the health of farm employees and surrounding residents.
Biological pollution: feces contain a large number of pathogenic microorganisms and parasite eggs. If it is not treated in time, mosquitoes and flies will breed, increase the types of pathogens and bacteria in the environment, spread pathogens and parasites, cause human and animal diseases and endanger health. For example, in recent years, zoonotic diseases such as avian influenza, swine flu and hand-foot-mouth disease are all related to the harsh environment caused by livestock manure pollution.
In order to implement environmental laws and regulations and the State Council's opinions on strengthening rural environmental protection, protect and improve rural ecological environment, Party committees and governments at all levels should attach great importance to it, adhere to the principles of people-oriented, overall planning, adjusting measures to local conditions and paying attention to actual results, take effective measures, speed up pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding, and promote the construction of new countryside.
Strengthen publicity and enhance environmental awareness.
Through radio, television, newspapers, internet, distribution of publicity materials and other forms to publicize the harm of livestock and poultry breeding pollution, as well as the importance, necessity and urgency of remediation of livestock and poultry breeding pollution, distribute technical information on remediation of livestock and poultry breeding pollution, and raise the environmental awareness of the whole people. Hold training courses and on-site meetings to train owners of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding, so that owners can fully realize that enterprises are the main body of pollution control and improve their awareness of environmental responsibility and pollution control ability. At the same time, organize training for relevant departments and township cadres, make it clear that township people's governments should be responsible for the environmental quality in their respective jurisdictions, and let township cadres establish the concept of environmental protection and green development;
Reasonable planning and site selection
The disorderly development of livestock and poultry breeding has become a problem that cannot be ignored at present. The agricultural sector should be scientifically planned and rationally distributed. Rural drinking water source protection areas, scenic spots, core areas and buffer areas of nature reserves, urban and urban residential areas, cultural, educational, medical and densely populated areas must be designated as livestock and poultry breeding areas. The development of aquaculture in restricted areas should be far away from densely populated areas and environmentally sensitive areas, adhere to the principle of combining agriculture with animal husbandry, and strictly control the amount of livestock and poultry breeding per unit cultivated area;
Close the source, strict examination and approval.
It is not allowed to approve any new, expanded or rebuilt livestock and poultry farm projects in the restricted support areas, and these projects should be strictly approved if there is no land consumption capacity in the restricted support areas. Notify the environmental protection department in time when approving the project, and invite the environmental protection department to participate. Without the approval of the environmental protection department, newly built, expanded or rebuilt livestock and poultry breeding enterprises shall not start construction, and the agricultural department shall not arrange projects and financial subsidies. The construction of livestock and poultry farms must strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system and the "three simultaneities" system to ensure the discharge of pollutants up to standard;
Classified guidance, scientific rectification
Governments at all levels should adjust measures to local conditions, give classified guidance, formulate plans and strengthen rectification. The discharge mode of "pig (cow, chicken) manure+rain and sewage diversion+dry-wet separation+biogas digester+biochemical, physicochemical+oxidation pond" can be adopted respectively to realize "pig (cow, chicken) manure+rain and sewage diversion+dry-wet separation+biogas digester+fruits (vegetables, forests, fields, land, tea leaves, earthworms, mushrooms)"
Improve the system and implement the responsibility.
Animal husbandry and veterinary departments shall, in accordance with the requirements of the Animal Husbandry Law, guide the prevention and control of pollution caused by livestock and poultry breeding in the local area, make reasonable planning and fixed points for the layout of livestock and poultry breeding in the local area, and regularly inform the environmental protection department of the distribution and site selection and the pollution control of the owners; The environmental protection department shall exercise unified supervision over the prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding pollution in this area, intensify the crackdown and investigation of environmental violations, and report to the government for approval to relocate or close down the enterprises that still fail to meet the standards; When the land department handles the land use procedures, it needs to obtain the site selection opinions of the animal husbandry and environmental protection departments before it can handle the land allocation, transfer and lease procedures;
Integrate resources and increase investment.
Adhere to the principle of "whoever pollutes will be treated", and at the same time fully integrate all social resources, effectively increase the investment in comprehensive prevention and control of pollution in livestock and poultry breeding enterprises, and establish a comprehensive prevention and control fund investment mechanism of "enterprise investment is the mainstay, and the government promotes treatment with awards". It is suggested that the government set up a leading group for comprehensive management of livestock and poultry breeding, incorporate aquaculture pollution control into government-implemented projects, arrange special funds, and implement comprehensive utilization and pollution prevention. The national, provincial and municipal subsidies for the development of livestock and poultry breeding industry should set a threshold for cash, and must be based on the discharge of pollutants from farms and confirmed by the environmental protection department before subsidies can be given. Reward the farms with remarkable treatment effect, so as to arouse the enthusiasm of farmers to control pollution, give full play to the role of subsidy funds, and promote the sustainable development of livestock and poultry breeding;
Strict assessment, strengthen supervision.
In order to implement the pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding and achieve practical results, it is necessary to establish a target assessment mechanism, sign a target responsibility letter at different levels, and incorporate the pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding into the year-end target assessment content of relevant departments and towns. Party committees, government inspection offices, discipline inspection departments and other departments at all levels can jointly form an inspector group to regularly and irregularly supervise the development of pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding, regularly report, strictly reward and punish, promote the implementation of pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding, and achieve practical results.
reference data
Longyou News Network:/lynews/system/2013/08/28/016854818.shtml.
Personal library:/content/11/0714/15/5440912 _13352/kloc-0.