Umbilical cord is the channel through which the mother delivers nutrition and oxygen to the baby during pregnancy. No longer used after delivery, but cut and ligated to form umbilical cord stump. Under normal circumstances, the umbilical cord falls off in 7- 14 days, and the longest is no more than 8 weeks.

Correct treatment: keep the umbilical cord stump clean and dry. Before shedding, it is not recommended to wash your baby in a bath, but you can use a rubbing bath. If it gets wet accidentally, wipe it with dry cotton cloth or paper towel in time; When changing diapers, you should also pay attention to avoid covering the umbilical cord to avoid soaking or rubbing; If there is redness, yellow secretion or peculiar smell around the umbilical cord, you should see a doctor in time.

2 | Is it a cold that the baby has a stuffy nose or a murmur in the nasal cavity?

Neonatal nasal cavity is small and short, and secretion is not easy to be discharged. It forms a blockage after drying, leading to nasal congestion or noise, not caused by a cold. If the blockage is serious or the ventilation is poor, it will also affect the baby's eating.

The correct treatment: wet the nasal cavity with normal saline or nasal drops, soften the dry secretions and clean them up. If the air is dry, you can also use a humidifier. In addition, avoid smoking indoors and reduce the irritation of fluff, dust or strong smell in the indoor air to the baby's nasal mucosa.

3 | What about baby jaundice?

Many babies will have jaundice a few days after birth, which seems scary, but it is actually a very common phenomenon. This is mainly because the newborn's liver development is not perfect, and the bilirubin produced cannot be decomposed in time, resulting in bilirubin gathering in the skin and sclera of the eyes, which is yellow. In most cases, it is not serious and can subside on its own, but some serious cases need certain treatment.

Correct coping methods: mild jaundice, that is, jaundice index is less than 14, you can breastfeed frequently and eat some probiotics, which is beneficial to jaundice regression; If the jaundice index exceeds 17, or the total bilirubin exceeds 280, blue light therapy can be performed. However, Yinzhihuang is not suitable for yellowing. Some time ago, the State Administration of Pharmaceutical Products has made it clear that this drug is prohibited from being used in newborns.

4 | Does the newborn baby need a pillow?

Old people often let their babies sleep in a head shape and use various shaping pillows for them. In fact, for Xiao Baobao, there is no need to use a pillow at all. In addition, if pillows, quilts and other items are placed on the crib, there is a danger that the baby will suffocate. Correct treatment: Don't give your baby any pillows before 1 year-old, and it is also wrong to say that your baby sleeps with his head down. In addition, the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that babies should lie on their backs as much as possible, which is the safest sleeping position for babies and can reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.

5 | Is breast-fed baby diarrhea?

The feces of exclusively breast-fed babies are yellow or green, sticky and creamy, which is sometimes mistaken for diarrhea by Ma Bao. In addition, the frequency of defecation of breast-fed babies varies greatly, even 10 times a day. Every time you feed or force it, you will spit out a little, which is mainly caused by the baby's gastrointestinal reflex, in order to release more space for breast milk intake.

Correct treatment: Ma Bao thinks that it is normal to have diarrhea. Pay attention to the baby's breastfeeding and defecation. As long as the baby is in good condition, normal in all aspects, and the weight grows steadily, the mother doesn't have to worry. In addition, as the baby grows up, because breast milk is easy to digest, only a little waste needs to be discharged through the colon, so the baby may only defecate once a week.

6 | What vaccine should the baby be given at birth?

Infants should be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and BCG vaccine within 24 hours after birth to prevent hepatitis B virus and tuberculosis respectively. In addition, hepatitis B vaccine needs a second vaccination after the baby is born 1 month.

Correct response: After vaccination, the vaccination site may be red and swollen, or the baby has a fever, which are usually normal reactions. If the fever is severe, or there is secretion in the swollen part, take the baby to see a doctor in time.

7 | How to prevent baby diaper rash?

Diaper rash is a rash or skin inflammation on the covering part of diapers, which usually appears in the folds of buttocks, genitals and thigh roots. Due to contact with urine or feces, the skin is red or has a small rash. These are often related to not changing diapers or diapers in time. Rash can cause baby discomfort and even affect sleep and mood.

Correct coping methods: change diapers or diapers in time to reduce skin exposure in humid environment; Rinse with clean water after each defecation and "pat dry" with clean cotton cloth; In addition, in order to avoid the irritation of urine and feces to the baby's skin, you can apply moisturizing oil and buttock cream. Play an isolated role. If diaper rash is secondary to fungal infection, antifungal ointment can be used.

8 | What's with the baby's hiccups? How to burp?

Most babies burp from time to time, and often the baby doesn't feel uncomfortable, but the mother feels very troubled. In addition, swallowing some air when babies are nursing will make them feel uncomfortable. This happens to both breast-fed and formula-fed babies, but it is more common for babies who eat bottles. The nipple flow is large, and the baby swallows frequently, which may lead to swallowing too much air. If you cry and drink milk, you will also swallow more air.

Correct treatment: If the baby burps while feeding, you can try to burp in a different position, or you can feed later. If you still burp for 5- 10 minutes, you can try feeding for a few minutes and usually stop. There are three ways to burp:

Upright: Hold the baby vertically on his chest, rest his head on his shoulders, hold the baby's head and back with one hand, and pat his back gently with the other hand;

Sitting posture: hold the baby on his knees, hold his chest and head with one hand, and pat his back with the other hand;

Lying on your side: Let your baby lie on your lap, put his head slightly higher than his chest, and then pat his back or gently draw a circle to touch him.

After each feeding, burp your baby to prevent spitting.

9 | How about the baby spitting milk?

Spitting milk is a common phenomenon in infancy. Sometimes it is because eating too much exceeds the capacity of the stomach, and some may be caused by hiccups. Don't worry too much. As the baby sits up, the situation of spitting milk will be improved, and spitting milk will not bring too much pain to the baby. The correct way to deal with it: it is impossible to completely solve the problem of spitting milk. There are only some ways to help your baby reduce the frequency and amount of spitting milk. For example, try to be quiet and happy every time you feed, avoid feeding when your baby is crying, and don't feed when your baby is extremely hungry; If it is bottle feeding, make sure that the nipple hole is not too big (which will lead to the formula flowing out too fast) and not too small (which will hinder the baby from eating milk and make him swallow more air). After screwing up the bottle, stop dropping a few drops, indicating that the nipple hole is the right size. Finally, the baby burps every time after feeding and stays upright for 20-30 minutes.

10 | Does the baby need to take a bath every day?

As long as you can keep the diaper area clean every time you change diapers, your baby doesn't need to take a bath often, because taking a bath often will cause dry skin, especially when using soap.

Correct treatment: three baths a week is enough for newborns. Only give the baby a bath before the umbilical cord falls off. Applying hypoallergenic emulsion after bathing can also prevent eczema.

1 1 | How to clean the baby's clothes?

Newborns have sensitive skin and may be allergic to chemicals on new clothes or residual soap and laundry detergent.

Correct treatment: All baby's clothes and personal belongings should be rinsed repeatedly before use, and washed separately from family clothes.

12 | What if the baby scratches his nails?

When a baby is born for a few weeks, his fingers are small, but his nails grow quickly. When he is awake, he may scratch himself. Some mothers use baby gloves. This situation is absolutely not allowed, because it is not good for the baby's development, and if the thread in the glove is wrapped around the finger, it will lead to necrosis. Such things happen from time to time.

Correct treatment: Trim your baby's nails regularly, almost once every two weeks. Use nail clippers for the baby, but be careful not to hurt the baby. When the baby is sleeping, it is the best time for the mother to cut her nails. In addition, after trimming, smooth it with soft nail polish.

13 | Does the baby need supplementary nutrition?

Although breast milk is the best food for babies, due to the characteristics of some nutrients, the content of breast milk is small and needs to be supplemented, but some nutrients can fully meet the growth needs of babies.

Correct coping methods: give the baby an injection or oral vitamin K after birth to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding; In addition, vitamin D must also be supplemented. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all babies take at least 400 international units of vitamin D every day after birth. In addition to vitamin K and vitamin D, there is no need to supplement other nutrients, let alone calcium, because the calcium in breast milk can meet the baby's needs without external supplementation.

14 | What about baby colic?

About 20% babies will have colic, which is characterized by consistent crying time, in the evening or at night, and lasts for a long time. Feeding can't calm the baby, crying is accompanied by kicking. Colic usually starts in 2-4 weeks and stops in 3-4 months. The exact reason has not been found yet.

Correct coping methods: Although there is no special treatment for colic at present, there are some ways to relieve the baby's pain:

1, give the baby a pacifier

2. Gently press the baby's stomach clockwise.

3, let the baby lie on your arm, you hold the baby's armpit with one hand, the baby's abdomen with the other hand, and then gently shake it to make the baby feel flying;

4, gently wrap the baby to increase the baby's sense of security, so as to slowly calm down;

Breastfeeding mothers can try to stop eating dairy products, caffeine, onions, cabbage and irritating foods.

15? | Is the baby's gums on fire?

After the baby is born, there will be more gum in the eyes. Some old people say that they are getting angry, which is not the case at all! Eye drops may be related to the blockage of nasolacrimal duct, and trichiasis may also lead to an increase in tears and secretions of the baby.

Correct treatment: most of the blocked nasolacrimal duct will disappear within 12 months, and it is not necessary to see a doctor. You can help your baby massage the skin near the inner corner of the eye at home and open the nasolacrimal duct. Before patency, pay attention to cleaning eye secretions regularly. You can wipe it with a cotton ball soaked in normal saline, and wipe it from the inner corner of your eye, changing one cotton ball at a time. If there are many secretions caused by trichiasis, you can often take off your eyelids for your baby to relieve trichiasis. When the baby is 3 years old and his nose is high, trichiasis will disappear. In addition, if the baby's conjunctiva is congested and red, or there is purulent secretion, accompanied by the baby crying, there may be infection, so take the baby to see a doctor in time. Finally, don't think that gums are mostly caused by excessive internal heat, and give your baby drugs such as clearing away the fire.

16? | How to clean the scalp milk scab?

When some babies are one month old, white or yellow scaly desquamation or thick skin will appear on the scalp, which is not easy to remove and usually does not feel itchy. This is medically called "scalp scab". Some treasure moms will choose mineral oil or moisturizing oil, which will not be very effective, but will make the scabs grow longer and more. Correct treatment: Wash your hair frequently with mild baby shampoo and massage gently at the same time, which will help to remove the milk scab. Milk scabs usually disappear slowly within a week or a few months.

17? | What should I do if my baby's hearing screening is unqualified?

In order to find the baby's hearing problems early, the newborn hearing screening program is now carried out, usually 3-5 days after the baby is born, which is convenient for early detection and early intervention to ensure the child's normal study. However, the current hearing screening technology is affected by many factors, such as foreign bodies such as amniotic fluid in the external auditory canal of infants, which will lead to false positive results and make mothers overly nervous.

Correct coping methods: because the results are influenced by many aspects, the failure of the initial hearing screening does not mean that the baby must have hearing impairment. In most cases, the baby who fails the screening has normal hearing, so the mother doesn't have to worry too much. After 42 days, take the baby for re-screening. If it still doesn't work, at the age of 3 months, do audiology and medical evaluation to determine whether the hearing is normal and give early intervention.

18? | What is the white thing in the baby's mouth?

The baby only drinks milk, chewing and tongue movements are less, and the salivary glands are not developed enough, and saliva secretion is less, which makes the mouth not clean and forms a layer of white things. This is normal. However, if the infection with Candida albicans leads to thrush, it will also form white spots and need certain treatment.

Correct treatment: Mother can dip clean gauze in water and gently wipe it for the baby. If it can be erased, it means it is normal, as long as it is cleaned every 1-2 days, but the action must be gentle. If the gauze doesn't wipe off, it may be thrush. Observe whether there is more than one white spot, and the baby may have pain and crying when drinking milk. The drug treatment of thrush is actually very simple. Apply nystatin and pay attention to the disinfection of baby toys and supplies. Studies have also shown that probiotics can reduce the infection of Candida albicans. In addition, if the mother's nipple is infected, apply nystatin and pay attention to the disinfection of underwear.

19? | Can I use a pacifier for my baby?

Many babies like sucking. Pacifier can meet the baby's sucking needs when not breastfeeding, but it must not be used to replace or delay breastfeeding. In addition, using pacifiers before going to bed can also reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.

Correct coping method: choose whether to use pacifier according to your baby's own situation. Some babies may accept it, while others will resist it. If breastfeeding, wait until the baby 1 month to avoid confusion. Use time should also be after feeding or at intervals.

20? | The baby has just been born without milk. Should I feed milk powder first?

After the baby is born, the mother may not have given birth yet. At this time, she worried that if she didn't breastfeed, the baby would be hungry. In fact, the baby has a certain energy reserve and blood sugar maintenance ability at birth, which can meet the metabolic needs for at least 3 days, so don't worry too much. In addition, if you ingest formula for the first time, it may cause allergic reactions.

The correct way to deal with it: The baby's first bite of food after birth should be breast milk, which is conducive to preventing baby allergies and reducing the occurrence of neonatal jaundice. At the same time, it is the key to ensure the success of exclusive breastfeeding that the baby sucks the nipple repeatedly in the early stage. Don't give your baby formula even if you don't have milk at first, but you should monitor your baby's weight change. As long as the weight loss does not exceed 7% of the birth weight, you should insist on breastfeeding.

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